Since today the armies of all countries of the world use cars and transporters to carry out their main tasks of transporting people and goods, this article will focus on them. More precisely, I want to talk a little about cars and transporters for military doctors.
Unfortunately, wars are an integral part of human life. It has always been that way. And where there is a war, there is also a need to evacuate wounded soldiers from the battlefield and deliver them to the rear to provide them with the necessary honey. help. With the advent of cars and transporters in the army med. units, the provision of such assistance has become much faster, which saved the lives of many soldiers.
Equipment for military honey. subdivisions of such equipment or the absence of such speaks of the state's concern for its people.
Nowadays, there are many options for such equipment and you can compare its equipment and thoughtfulness of design solutions for better performance of the tasks facing military doctors.
First, I will talk about samples of such equipment of Soviet and Russian production, and then I want to move on to equipment manufactured by foreign manufacturers, for comparison.
Let's start with light wheeled vehicles that work directly on the front lines. Next, we will move on to more complex samples. This is the front edge conveyor (TPK) LUAZ-967. It was mass-produced by the Lutsk Automobile Plant from 1962 to 1991. Since the car is designed to work in such conditions, the engineers made it as low as possible so that it could be covered literally "out of the blue" and operated lying down. The vehicle can simultaneously carry two "stretcher" wounded soldiers, stretchers are located along the sides or 5-6 wounded while sitting. The conveyor has a plug-in all-wheel drive with locking of the rear axle reduction gear and a winch driven by a worm gear and belts driven by the engine. The winch on this machine is not used for self-recovery, but in order to drag the wounded (on a raincoat, a piece of tarpaulin or a drag in a boat) or a boat or raft through a water obstacle (river, lake).
TPK LUAZ-967, appearance, driver's workplace, engine compartment
TPK LUAZ-967 in operation
Also, the car can independently overcome small water obstacles, its wheels serve as a mover on the water, and has a very good cross-country ability on all types of roads and terrain.
Next comes the main "workhorse" of military doctors - a cross-country vehicle UAZ, which is popularly called a "loaf" or "pill". This honored veteran of the military medical service has been graduating since 1958 and to this day is still in the ranks and regularly pulls its difficult strap.
In the photo, experienced UAZ-450
The first cars, which began to arrive at the SA in the fall of 1958, bore the designation UAZ-450A.
UAZ-450A, appearance
UAZ-450A, a fragment of the cockpit
Later, it began to be produced under the designation UAZ-452.
UAZ-452, appearance
UAZ-452, salon and cockpit
Nowadays, these hard workers wear the index 3962 and have not changed much from the outside.
UAZ-3962, appearance
No wonder they say - appearance is deceiving. Inside, over 55 years, they have changed very seriously, mainly the changes have affected the engine and transmission, a vacuum booster for the hydraulic brake drive has also been added. And on the latest modifications, power steering and disc brakes are installed on the front wheels. Inside the cabin and dignity.more powerful heaters were installed in the compartment, on the UAZ-450A and UAZ-452 the heating of the car was poorly designed and it was cold inside in severe frosts. Drivers often made holes themselves in the niches of the fenders near the hood and another one on the wall between the cab and the engine, so that the air was blown from the cooling fan and the flow of oncoming air, then the car was warm. In the warm season, all this "economy" was compacted with rags and closed with homemade dampers.
There were repeated attempts to replace these machines with more modern models, but for a number of reasons they were never produced. And the options were:
UAZ-3972. Development of the second half of the 80s, appearance
This car, in addition to a new body, was supposed to receive a new transmission. The development was carried out on the "Wagon" theme.
UAZ-3972, salon and cockpit
UAZ-2970, a new attempt to create a car of this class. It was planned to equip this car with a hybrid transmission.
By the way, engineers from the USA are working on this now.
UAZ-2970, driver's workplace
As for the working qualities of the basic and the only mass-produced car of this class to this day, we can say the following. On board the "tablet" can take 5 wounded soldiers on a stretcher or transport 2 stretchers and 4-6 people in a sitting position. An option is possible when 8-10 people are taken on board. This car is capable of moving on absolutely all types of roads, including in difficult road conditions (wet dirt, snow drifts), as well as on terrain in moderate off-road conditions (and after some technical improvements, equipped with a winch and a trench tool, coupled with a jack type hi-jack, capable of moving in strong off-road conditions). Engines are installed gasoline, both carburetor and injection (there are 8-cl. And 16-cl.), Manual transmission 4 or 5-speed, RK 2-speed with a rigid connection of the front axle.
The main disadvantages include a very stiff short-travel suspension (this problem was partly solved by installing longer sheets in the springs attached to the earrings, and not on the pillows, as it was before), the absence of blocking in the axle gearboxes, as well as the intense heat in the cab and the cabin in summer time.
In general, this car has shown itself to be quite reliable, hardy and unpretentious in operation.
