The S-400 Triumph air defense system (NATO classification SA-21 Growler) is a new generation air defense system that replaced the well-known S-300P and S-200 air defense systems. Russia, 56 divisions should be supplied to the troops by 2020. The complex is designed to destroy all types of targets (aircraft, UAVs, cruise missiles, etc.) at a distance of up to 400 km. And at an altitude of up to 30 km. According to experts, The complex has more than a twofold advantage over the systems of the previous generation The S-400 Triumph air defense system is the only system in the world capable of operating selectively with more than 4 types of missiles, differing in different launch weights and launch ranges, which ensures the creation of layered defense.
The complex is highly automated at all stages of combat work, which has significantly reduced the number of maintenance personnel. The principle of organization and an extensive communication system make it possible to integrate the S-400 into various levels of control not only of the Air Force, but also of other types of the Armed Forces.
The complex was put into service on April 28, 2007. The first division, armed with the S-400, was put on alert on April 5, 2007. Currently, there are 4 divisions in service. By 2015, more than 20 divisions of the S-400 Triumph air defense missile systems should be sent to the troops. It is planned that this system will be used to ensure the safety of the Winter Olympic Games, which will be held in Sochi in 2014. The system has significant export potential and attracts the attention of many countries, including China and the UAE. It is assumed that export supplies will begin only when the state defense order is fully completed.
Command post 55K6E
Application
The S-400 air defense system is designed to destroy a wide range of not only modern, but also promising air attack weapons, including:
- aircraft of strategic and tactical aviation
- reconnaissance aircraft
- aircraft for radar patrol and guidance
- planes - jammers
- medium-range ballistic missiles
- operational-tactical and tactical ballistic missiles
- hypersonic targets
The Triumph air defense missile system ensures the destruction of aerodynamic targets at a distance of up to 400 km, with a target height of up to 30 km. The maximum speed of the targets hit is up to 4,800 m / s.
The missiles used as part of the complex have a fragmentation warhead with a controllable field of destruction, which guarantees the exclusion of the likelihood of a falling warhead of an attacking missile in the zone of a protected object. This possibility can be completely excluded only when the target's combat load is destroyed by intercepting it with an anti-aircraft missile. In turn, a similar effect can be achieved both as a result of a direct hit of a missile on a target, and with a combination of a small miss and an effective impact on the target of fragments of the warhead of an anti-aircraft missile.
Complex composition
The composition of the S-400 air defense system is based on the well-proven structure of the C-300 family air defense system. At the same time, the improved principles of construction and the use of modern element base make it possible to provide more than two-fold superiority over its predecessor.
Multifunctional control radar 92N2E
The basic version of the S-400 Triumph air defense system consists of:
- anti-aircraft missile systems
- multifunctional radar
- autonomous means of detection and target designation
- command post
- complex of technical support of the system
- means of technical operation of anti-aircraft missiles
All system elements are based on off-road wheeled chassis and can be transported by rail, air or water. The command post of the complex has a radar, which creates a radar field within the range of the system and carries out in it detection, tracking, determining the nationality of all types of targets in an amount estimated to be up to 300 units. The detection radar is equipped with a phased array with two-dimensional scanning, operates in a circular view, is three-dimensional and protected from interference. With active radio countermeasures from the enemy, it operates in a constant frequency tuning mode.
With the help of the data received by the detection radar, the command post distributes targets between the systems of the system, transmitting them the appropriate target designation, as well as linking the actions of the air defense missile system in conditions of the massive use of air attack weapons at all reachable heights with the active use of radio countermeasures. The command post of the air defense missile system is able to receive additional route information on targets from higher command posts, in the interests of which ground radars of duty and combat modes operate, or directly from the radars themselves, as well as from onboard radars of aviation complexes. Comprehensive reception of radar information from various sources in different wavelengths is most effective in conditions of strong radio countermeasures from the enemy. KP ZRS S-400 is capable of simultaneously controlling 8 air defense systems with a total number of launchers up to 12 on each complex.
Launcher
One launcher can carry up to 4 ultra-long-range 40N6E missiles (up to 400 km), which are designed to destroy DLRO aircraft, electronic warfare aircraft, enemy air command posts, strategic bombers and ballistic missiles with speeds up to 4,800 m / s. This missile is capable of destroying targets beyond the radio visibility of ground guidance locators. The need to defeat over-the-horizon targets led to the installation of the latest homing head (GOS) on the rocket, created by NPO Almaz. This seeker operates in semi-active and active modes. In the active mode, after reaching the required altitude, the rocket is switched to the search mode and, having found the target, aims at it on its own.
Rocket action
Unlike its foreign counterparts, the ZRS-400 uses the so-called "cold" missile start. Before starting the main engine, the rocket is thrown out of the launch container to a height exceeding 30 m. During the ascent to this height, the rocket, thanks to the gas-dynamic system, tilts towards the target. After the main engine is started in the initial and middle flight phases, inertial radio correction control is applied (this allows to achieve maximum resistance to interference), and active radar homing is used directly in the target interception phase. If there is a need for intensive maneuvering before hitting a target, the missile is able to switch to the "super-maneuverability" mode. To enter the mode, a gas-dynamic control system is used, which allows for 0.025 s. increase the aerodynamic overload of the rocket by more than 20 units. The use of such "super-maneuverability", together with increased guidance accuracy, improves the conditions for the meeting of an anti-aircraft missile with a target, which increases its effectiveness.
The missiles used in the S-400 air defense missile systems are equipped with a 24-kg fragmentation warhead with a controllable field of destruction. Such equipment of the missile allows it to hit targets with a "stopping" effect (destruction of the structure) when intercepting manned targets or hitting a warhead in the event of intercepting unmanned targets. The warhead of the missiles is controlled by a radio fuse, which can be used to adapt to the conditions of a meeting with a target, all the information available on board the missile.
Missile complex
The radio fuse calculates the moment of detonation of the missile warhead in strict accordance with the speed of the fragments dispersion, in order to cover the most vulnerable areas of the target with a fragmentation field, and the direction in which it is necessary to provide a fragmentation cloud. The directed release of fragments is realized using a controlled high-explosive fragmentation warhead, which has a multi-point initiation system. This system, at the command of the radio-controlled explosive device, to trigger the warhead in a controlled mode (with the available information about the miss phase) causes the charge to detonate at the desired peripheral points of detonation. As a result, there is a redistribution of the explosion and the formation of a debris cloud in the required direction. If there is no information about the miss phase, the central warhead is detonated with a symmetrical scattering of fragments.
Main characteristics
Today, the S-400 Triumph air defense system has more than two-fold superiority over its predecessors. The command post of this anti-aircraft missile system is able to integrate it into the command structure of any air defense. Each air defense system of the system is capable of firing up to 10 air targets with guidance of up to 20 missiles at them. According to foreign experts, the complex has no analogues in the world.
The S-400 air defense system provides the ability to build an echeloned defense of ground targets against a massive air attack. The system ensures the destruction of targets flying at speeds up to 4,800 m / s at a distance of up to 400 km. with a target height of up to 30 km. At the same time, the minimum firing range of the complex is only 2 km., And the minimum height of targets to be hit is only 5 m. For example, the American Patriot complexes are not capable of destroying targets flying below 60 m. minutes.
The system is distinguished by the automation of all processes of combat work - target detection, their route tracking, target distribution between air defense systems, target acquisition, selection of the type of missiles and preparation for launch, assessment of firing results.
Important new features of the system are:
- information interfacing with the majority of existing and only being developed sources of information for ground, air or space deployment;
- the application of the basic modular principle, which allows you to meet the specific requirements that apply to the system when it is used in the Air Force, ground forces or the Navy;
- the possibility of integration into existing and future control systems of air defense groupings not only of the Air Force, but also of the military air defense or the air defense forces of the Navy.
