HAARP, High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program or, in translation, "program of active high-frequency research of the ionosphere" using ultra-powerful ionospheric heating stands. Project leader General John Heckscher.
The HAARP program began in 1990. The project is funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). As the HAARP facility is composed of many individual elements, large and small, there is a significant list of commercial, scientific and government organizations that contribute to the construction of the facility, these are universities and US educational institutions, namely the University of Alaska, Stanford University, Pennsylvania State University, Boston College, Los Angeles, Clemson University, Dartmouth College, Cornell University, Johns Hopkins University, University of Maryland, College Park, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MT, NYU Polytech and University of Tulsa BAE Advanced Technologies is the general contractor for the design and construction of the Station is the Ionospheric Research Instrument (IRI - video).
The phased array is built on a 1000 x 1200 site (about 33 acres). It consists of 180 towers, 72 'high, mounted on thermopiles 80' apart. Each tower supports two pairs of intersecting dipole antennas near its top, one for the lower band (2.8 to 8.3 MHz) and the other for the upper band (7 to 10 MHz). The larger the area occupied by the antenna field, the greater the power. The antenna system is surrounded by a fence to prevent possible damage to the tower antenna or harm to large animals. According to the creator of HAARP Bernard Eastlund, this is enough to create a missile shield or tornado caller.
According to the press service of HAARP, the project strives for openness, all project activities are registered and available to the public. The HAARP facility regularly (once a year) organizes open days, during which any interested citizen can see the entire center. In addition, scientific results obtained at HAARP are regularly published in leading scientific journals (Geophysical Research Letters, or Geophysical Research).
However, in both the West and the East, there is a popular conspiracy theory about the secret program HAARP located in Alaska, which is subordinate to the US military, which is credited with the ability to cause natural disasters (floods, earthquakes, hurricanes) in various regions of the world. Of course, the possibilities of HAARP in this theory are exaggerated, but there is no smoke without fire. There has never been a case where HAARP has caused an earthquake in a geologically stable region, but such methods can be used to amplify or otherwise modify a natural disaster where there are certain geological conditions for this. The writer Michael Crichton, for example, substantiated this possibility, taking into account all the ultra-modern technologies book
Geophysical weapons based on causing disturbances in the ionosphere are considered a “weapon of despair” among specialists. Because no one fully knows what can happen when it is applied to the atmosphere and the Earth's magnetic field. But it was developed during the years of the military confrontation between the United States and the USSR, and scientists, apparently, proceeded from the principle that when five thousand nuclear warheads fly at you, you do not have to choose
But saying that to conspiracy theorists is pointless. And sometime in 2020, the Pentagon may start building a very, very large antenna field.
The effective radiation power of the facility at the first stage of the project will be about 1 billion watts. It will be used for the following purposes:
- "tomography of the earth's crust" (ie.sounding of geological formations for the detection of underground complexes or mineral deposits), which, in combination with the Emass system and a supercomputer of the "Crey" type, makes it possible to monitor the observance of treaties on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and disarmament;
- a more compact and sophisticated technology can replace bulky radio stations in Michigan and Wisconsin, designed to communicate with the submarine fleet at extremely low frequencies;
- creation of artificial sections of plasma (plasmoids) in the ionosphere, weather control and transmission of electricity to different regions of the planet;
- the device can be used as an over-the-horizon radar and even as an anti-satellite weapon, The most promising area of research is the issues of monitoring processes in the ionosphere, the solution of which will significantly increase the efficiency of K-3 class systems (Command, Control and Communications). The main goal of this part of the program is to identify and study processes in the ionosphere that can be used in the interests of defense programs.
Over time, the installations at the Gakkon military training ground in Alaska, Greenland, and Norway will create a closed circuit with truly fantastic integral capabilities for influencing the near-earth environment.
The significance of this qualitative leap in the weapons system is comparable to the transition from cold weapons to firearms or from conventional to nuclear weapons.
Is the impact of radiation from these installations capable of harming the biosphere? Alas, now scientists are less and less inclined to conduct research outside their area of specialization, on their own initiative. They are too dependent on the military-industrial complex, on bureaucratic structures, under the influence of which they decide to whom to award a lucrative grant, a position of a consultant or an academic degree. Therefore, information about the HAARP project is subject to significant distortions both from the defense industry and the military, and from their opponents.
Nick Begich
The initiative to draw public attention to other potential opportunities of the HAARP project belongs to the scientist and politician Nick Begich Jr. Political activism in Alaska and organizing trade unions, a position on the Alaska State Council for Economic Education, and two terms as president of the Alaska Teachers Federation have earned him public recognition. Once he learned intriguing news in the local press - it turns out that the federal government intends to build some kind of incomprehensible installation, figuratively speaking, "almost in his yard." During the investigation, Begich learned the background of the project.
1. It turns out HAARP has its origins in the late 80s. Atlantic Richfield Corp (Arco) has created a subsidiary called ARCO Power Technologies Incorporated (APTI). ARCO is the largest private firm in Alaska, primarily engaged in the development of oil fields in northern Alaska, where it controls trillions of cubic meters of natural gas and billions of barrels of oil. It was in ARCO's interest to find a buyer for this gas. The search for a new market combined with the inventive genius of the scientist Bernard Eastlund, with whom the company had a contract at that time.
Eastland came up with a radically new concept. He proposed to create a huge field with special antennas with an area of 4,150 square kilometers, which would transmit the energy generated by natural gas into the sky. These beams of energy would create reflective surfaces that would send microwave energy back to receiving antennas located in the main part of the United States or elsewhere, and then this energy would be converted into electricity.
Eastland believed that energy could also be reflected down from the top of a thundercloud creating a tornado. A tornado is formed as a result of the rise of warm air through a layer of cold air, thus creating a descending air current. Computer simulations have shown that introducing heat into a downdraft airflow stops such downward movement, discouraging tornadoes, and may even calm a tornado that has formed.
Now both of these ideas have been reduced to zero. "Everyone lost interest in them because they needed too much energy, up to a million megawatts," Eastland says. But on November 3, 1993, the US Air Force announced that APTI had won the competition for the construction of the heating stand in competition with the large company "Raytheon", specializing in defense development and having a steady authority in this area. The only thing that helped APTI in its uncompromising competition with the military was a set of twelve patents.
After the contract was signed, APTI was quickly sold to E-Systems from Dallas (Texas). The deal was concluded on June 10, 1994. (E-Systems buys ARCO Power Technologies. / New York Times, 30.06.1994). In 1992, the annual budget of E-Systems was $ 1.9 billion, the company had 18,662 employees, E-Systems is one of the largest contractors fulfilling orders for the technical equipment of special services in the United States.
Then E-Systems was bought out by the Raytheon corporation for $ 2.3 billion. Raytheon owns not only the patents of the HAARP project, but in addition to them also the contract for the implementation of the second phase of the project. With the purchase of E-Systems, the company significantly increased its annual revenues, as well as a monopoly on siphoning off funds from the budget under the item “defense spending”. The combination of the resources of these two organizations has led to the creation of the most powerful enterprise in the world, engaged in the technical support of intelligence agencies.
When APTI was still owned by ARCO, it was relatively easy to monitor its activities, since it was a small company. It was not difficult to trace the patents, as well as the accompanying data on the authors of the developments, on the transfer of copyrights, etc. The deal with E-Systems made it possible to hide the ends in the water and reliably disguise the assets of a small branch in tons of corporate documents. It is now at the bottom of a deep corporate pool of one of the largest private companies in the world.
2. Having studied the materials of the discussion around patents, Begich concluded that the purpose of HAARP is not at all the study of the aurora borealis, but the study of the possibility of influencing the ionosphere in much larger ranges. Among the patents not released to the public (and also owned by APTI Inc.) Nick Begich found the following:
- US Patent No. 5.293.176 Issued: March 8, 1994. Inventor: Paul J. Elliot. Name: Cross dipole antenna.
- US Patent N 5.041.834 Issued: August 20, 1991. Inventor: Peter Coert. Title: Artificial screen in the ionosphere, formed by a layer of plasma.
- US Patent No. 4,954.709 Issued: September 4, 1990. Inventors: Ari Ziegler, Joseph Elsin, Rishon Le-Zion, Israel. Title: Highly sensitive directional gamma radiation detector.
- Patent No. 4.817.495 Issued: April 4, 1989. Inventor: Adam T. Drobot. Title: System for identifying space objects.
- US Patent No. 4.999.637 Issued: March 12, 1991. Inventor: Ronald M. Bass. Title: Creation of artificial regions of ionization above the earth's surface.
- US Patent No. 5.202.689 Issued: April 13, 1993. Inventors: Robert W. Bussard and Thomas G. Wallace. Title: Light focusing reflector for space conditions.
- US Patent No. 5.068.669 Issued: November 26, 1991. Inventor: Peter Coert and James T. Cha. Title: System of transmission of energy by means of radiation. - 5.041.834 "Artificial ionospheric screen formed by a layer of plasma";
- US Patent No. 5.218.374 Issued: June 8, 1993. Inventors: Peter Coert and James T. Cha. Title: System of microwave energy transmission by means of an emitter made according to a printed circuit.
- US Patent 4,873,928 Issued: October 17, 1989. Inventor: Frank E. Lofter. Title: Explosions of atomic scale, not accompanied by the release of radioactive materials.
- US Patent No. 4.686.605 Issued: August 11, 1987. Inventor: Bernard J. Eastlund. Title: Method and technique of influencing a section of the earth's atmosphere, ionosphere and / or magnetosphere.
- US Patent No. 5.083.664 Issued: August 13, 1991. Inventor: Bernard J. Eastlund. Title: Method of creating a screen consisting of relativistic particles in the atmosphere.
- US Patent No. 4.712.155 Issued: December 8, 1987. Inventors: Bernard J. Eastlund and Simon Rameau. Title: Method and technique of heating a plasma section using electron cyclotron resonance.
3. The Anchorage Municipal Library, which held a microfilm copy of the patents. In the section of the patent under the heading "Prior Development", Begich found references to articles by Nikola Tesla. Since Tesla's name has always been associated with crazy projects, Begich wanted to find out why the creators of planetary engineering still cite the works of the late inventor. Begich noted the article to which the patent referred, published in The New York Times on September 22, 1940. “Nikola Tesla, one of the truly great inventors, who celebrated his eighty-fourth birthday on July 10, told the author that he is ready to convey to the US government the secret of" influence at a distance ", with which, as he said, you can melt airplanes and cars on distance of 400 km, thus building the invisible Great Wall of China around the country … A powerful tension will disperse microscopic charged particles of matter, which will carry destruction."
On May 5-7, 1997, during the 12th UN General Assembly, Dr. Nick Begich made a speech in the European Parliament on the problem of the US government in the Arctic and the creation of HAARP. Among those present were several deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, including Vitaly Sevastyanov. Dr. Begich's initiative, along with a public disclosure published in September 1996, launched an international investigation into cases surrounding the HAARP project.
Radio Amateur Claire Zikur
In the early 90s, Claire Zikour could say about himself that life was good. He was about 50 years old and worked as an accountant for the multinational oil company ARCO. He had his own house of about 300 square meters on a cliff in the vicinity of Anchorage, with a wall-to-wall window overlooking the Cook Fjord. He spent at least two nights a week at his shortwave radio station. It would never have occurred to anyone to suggest that Zikur would take part in the activities of an eclectic team of environmentalists. However, a conversation with neighbors in October 1993 changed their serene life. Jim, a pilot for Alaska Airlines, went on the air one night and said that he had learned from his colleagues about the existence of a facility called HAARP, which is being built "in the woods" northeast of Anchorage. Equipment with such characteristics could be the world's largest jammer.
Zikur began asking radio amateurs if they had heard anything about the HAARP transmitter. Claire summarized the results of the investigation in an article that turned out to be included in the list of "the most important unpublished news of 1994" in the book "The Censored Project" ("The Censored Project" New York: Fo Walls World Publishing House, 1995).
However, in the course of layoffs in ARCO, Claire lost his job, he sold his house and went to wander the southern states; but his business was continued by "the boys from the wilderness." These were two groups of local Americans. Firstly, hunters, geologists and representatives of other professions, whose main work takes place in the forests. They have no telephone service and are heavily dependent on their own radio stations. Secondly, the pilots.
In most parts of the United States, this level of awareness might seem like something extraordinary, but in wooded Alaska radio communication is part of everyday life, most residents gain access to the media and the Internet through satellite dishes, and this allows them to be knowledgeable in many areas of scientific knowledge. In addition, Alaska residents are distinguished by their independent temperament, to which they owe years of struggle to develop a territory characterized by some of the harshest climates in the world. They tend to be skeptical. For many of them, press conferences by the military raised more questions than they received answers.
Bernard Eastlund
After graduating from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Columbia University, and having worked for eight years in the thermonuclear fusion development program under the auspices of the Committee on Atomic Energy, Bernard Eastlund in the early 70s co-authored the invention of the "plasma torch", thanks to which the surplus plasma of a fusion reactor could be used for the processing of solid waste. His main invention is the ionospheric emitter, which he applied for in 1985.
In the 1980s, negotiating with the patent office was not easy. When Eastlund applied for the first of a series of patents related to the invention of the ionospheric heating stand, the expert told him that it looked more like the creation of a science fiction writer. Eastlund replied that a similar technique has existed for a long time. Step by step, he developed and submitted to the Bureau the documentation and calculations proving the efficiency of his brainchild. This was the only thing that had an effect on the officials. But before the materials were made public in 1991, the naval command placed his patent number 5.038.664 under the "Secret" stamp.
The Pentagon got interested in the project. Further, the main research of Eastlund took place under the auspices of the Office of Research Projects of the Ministry of Defense and was called the Energy Anti-Missile Shield in Northern Alaska (DARPA Contract No. DAAHDJ-86-C-0420 Energy Anti-Missile Shield in Northern Alaska).
Bernard Eastlund died on December 12, 2007.
Nicholas Tesla
In the 19th century, it was known that metals that were thrown into the universe by exploding stars have an invisible force field. A significant part of the iron went deep underground, where it rests peacefully to this day. As the planet spun, the metals spun with it. This rotation gave rise to an all-pervading electromagnetic field.
It is believed that the prospects of unlimited possibilities and the importance of the electromagnetic environment were discovered by Nikolai Tesla, the inventor of Tesla's resonant transformer, which produces high voltage at high frequency. The output voltage of a Tesla transformer can be as high as several million volts. This voltage at the frequency of the minimum dielectric strength of air is capable of creating impressive electrical discharges in air, which can be many meters in length. These phenomena fascinate people for various reasons, which is why Tesla's transformer is used as a decorative item. But Tesla's invention in the future claims to create a truly cheap power source that will be used as a high-voltage power source for beam weapons.
The author of Tesla's biography, Mark Cipher, "Nikola Tesla: The History of Laser and Beam Weapons" (based on the materials of the international Tesla symposium, 1988), based among other materials and on FBI documents, summed up the life of the inventor: “There is substantial confirmation of the hypothesis that archives and scientific works Teslas systematically withdrew from the public in order to hide the origins of the secret developments known today as Star Wars."
Road to HAARP
The exploration of the ionosphere began with a few astonished radio listeners. In 1933, a resident of the Dutch city of Eindhoven tried to catch a radio station located in Beromünster (Switzerland). Suddenly he heard two stations. The second signal - from a powerful transmitter in Luxembourg - had never been broadcast on that frequency before, its wave was at the other end of the scale; and yet in this case the signal was superimposed on the Swiss station.
The Luxembourg effect, as it was later called, did not remain a mystery for long. A Danish scientist named Tellegen found that cross-modulation of radio signals was the result of wave interaction caused by the nonlinearity of the physical characteristics of the ionosphere.
Later, other researchers found that high-power radio waves changed the temperature of a section of the ionosphere and the concentration of charged particles in it, which affected another signal that passed through the changed section. Experiments with the interaction of radio wave beams took more than 30 years. In the end, it was concluded that powerful directional radiation causes instability in the ionosphere. Since then, the main instrument of scientists has become a transmitter with an antenna array, called a heating stand (hereinafter, the term used in domestic science as an equivalent to the English "ionospheric heater" is used).
In 1966, experts at Penn State University - a pioneer in this field of science - built a 500-kilowatt heating stand with an effective radiating power of 14 kW near the campus. In 1983, the transmitter and antenna array were moved from Colorado to Alaska, 40 km east of Fairbanks.
The waves that could then be generated were not of practical interest, but the Air Force and the Navy found funds to create a larger ionospheric modulator - HAARP.
Long before the foundation of HAARP, more powerful heating stands were built in the former Soviet Union than in the West, and many more scientists were involved in experiments on influencing the ionosphere. Recently, the German Max Planck Institute also built a gigawatt heating stand near Tromsø in Norway. But HAARP differs from this and the rest of the stands by an unusual combination of research instruments that allows you to control radiation, broad-frequency coverage, etc. The significant difference in the characteristics of the stands is due to the fact that the HAARP design provides the ability to focus radiation into a narrow beam. At the time of Eastlund's invention of the phased-array antenna signal focusing method, the best that could be achieved with similar methods was a level of one millionth of a watt per cubic centimeter at an altitude of about one hundred kilometers. But using a full-size sample of Eastlund's heating stand, an energy density of one watt per cubic centimeter can be achieved, i.e. the amount of energy delivered is a million times greater. It is not easy to make comparisons even between the prototype of the installation and other heating stands, because even at the first stage, Eastlund's development will many times outstrip any other similar stand in terms of energy concentration. All other heating benches spray energy, not focus like HAARP
The future of HAARP
The HAARP project is an integral part of US space policy. In 1993, Air Force Commander General Merrill McPeak, speaking at a meeting of the U. S. The Space foundation, said that it is necessary to reconsider the point of view according to which activities on the deployment of offensive weapons in near space are banned. He emphasized that the country should create new weapons systems, which in the future will give it the ability to control outer space. Air Force representatives did not disclose what was in their minds, but argued that the creation of such systems is more a political problem than a technical one.
In 2000, on the occasion of the 2000 budget vote, the Rumsfeld Commission, then a member of the Rand Corporation's governing body, was formed. For the Rumsfeld Commission, space is already as much a military sphere as land, air and sea. And it should have its own troops, equal to the ground, aviation and navy. The United States must occupy this area and prevent any other power from entering it. Thanks to this asymmetry of means, their military superiority will become undeniable and unlimited. The Rumsfeld Commission put forward ten proposals:
The Rumsfeld Commission's conclusion is as follows: History is full of situations where warnings have been brushed aside and change has been resisted to the point where some event that came from outside and was previously considered "improbable" did not push indecisive bureaucrats. The question is: Does the United States have the wisdom to act responsibly and reduce its vulnerability from space as quickly as possible? Or, as has happened in the past, the only event that can awaken the energy of the Nation and push the United States government into action should be a devastating attack on our country and its people, "Space Pearl Harbor."
