According to various sources of that time, from 50 to 60 thousand Crimeans took part in the Tatar invasions of 1643-45 into the territory of the Moscow state. Such serious predatory campaigns deep into Muscovy could be possible only in the complete absence of the likelihood of a retaliatory strike to the rear - the Crimean peninsula.
It often happened that the Tatar campaigns thwarted the sea raids of the Don Cossacks, but at the time of the mid-40s of the 17th century, the situation had changed radically.
In 1646, the Moscow government put forward a plan for a military campaign to move the Russian troops into the lower reaches of the Don. This was mainly due to the request of the Don Cossacks, exhausted by the struggle with the Tatars and Turks in 1644-45. Ataman P. Chesnochikhin in the fall of 1645 brings to Moscow a collective petition of the Don foreman, who asked for help with money, bread and gunpowder.
Let us dwell in more detail on the device for the Don service of free hunting people by Zhdan Kondyrev, among whom were our fellow countrymen - the Komarites - the palace peasants of the Komaritsa volost of the Sevsky district. At first, the staff of this newly-minted military community was completely regulated in number - about 3,000 volunteers. The peasants, slaves and service people were not subject to the device, about this the order to Zhdan Kondyrev says the following: “And if the military people went to the Don from their fathers, children, from brothers, from uncles, nephews, and so that the services and all kinds of taxable areas would not be neglected.
The Moscow government had high hopes for the Don Cossacks on the eve of a serious clash with the Tatars. In the lower reaches of the Don, Prince Semyon Romanovich Pozharsky and the nobleman Zhdan Kondyrev from Voronezh, with three thousand free hunting people, were to approach with their men. Prince Pozharsky, together with the Don Cossacks, was supposed to make a trip to Perekop, and Zhdan Kondyrev - with eager people and the Don people - by sea on ships to the shores of the Crimea.
At first, Moscow was skeptical that Zhdan Kondyrev would be able to recruit so many volunteers of the "Don service" in time. Therefore, boyar P. Krasnikov, the son of boyar P. Krasnikov, helped him in this matter, who was supposed to clean up 1,000 people at the expense of three thousand volunteers in Ryazhsk, Pronsk, Lebedyan, Epifani, Dankov, Efremov, Sapozhka, Mikhailov and Kozlov. In parallel, V. Ugrimov and O. Karpov were instructed to recruit willing people in Shatsk and Tambov. In all the southern Russian cities were sent tsarist letters about the recruitment of volunteers, which were announced "at auctions and on small trades for many days."
Hunting people were charged with the obligation to build ships in Voronezh themselves. The salaries for the volunteers were assigned the following: "who have their own pishchal" - 5, 5 rubles, those who do not have "this" - 4, 5 rubles; "Every one a pound of potion and two pounds of lead." But the most important task of the stay of eager people on the Don was to strengthen the Don Cossacks, in this case - the size of the staff.
April 5, 1646 Zhdan Kondyrev with the first group of volunteers arrives in Voronezh. Contrary to the government's assumptions, the number of those wishing to "become the Don Cossacks" exceeded the permissible limit. Serfs, serfs, and small servicemen also tried to be incorporated into the "free hunting people". So the peasants of the patrimony of O. Sukin from the Novosilsky district, every one of them "leaving their lot" went to the Don volunteers.
The main motives of the free population of the south of Russia to become volunteers of the "Don service" were the acquisition of personal freedom on the Don, as well as revenge for those who fell into the Tatar is full of relatives, revenge for the murdered relatives.
By April 20, the number of volunteers significantly exceeded 3 thousand people, but the influx of eager people to Voronezh continued. On April 27, the elected chieftain of the free people of the Seversk cities, Andrei Pokushalov, brings a thousand volunteers from Rylsk, Sevsk, Putivl and Kursk - from the regions that were subjected to the most devastating Tatar raids in 1644-45. At first Zhdan Kondyrev flatly refused to accept them. Then the eager people send a collective petition to Moscow with Ivan Telegin, in which they declare that they are going against the Tatars because “their Crimean people were full of fathers, and mothers, and wives, and children, and brothers, and nephews”.
The response from the discharge order to the petition of the Seversk volunteers was an order to issue them a salary and leave to the Don along with the main detachment.
During the construction of ships, most of the volunteers refused to engage in this business, unrest began, in connection with which, on May 3, Zhdan Kondyrev hastened to quickly sail to the lower reaches of the Don on river ships collected from everywhere. Together with him, 3037 people on 70 ships arrived in the capital of the Don Host - Cherkassk. In addition to those officially entered into a kind of register - named lists of volunteers - eager people - several other detachments from Belgorod, Chuguev, Oskol and Valuek moved to the Don in plows along the Seversky Donets. Several detachments of Cherkas passed through Belgorod, volunteers from Shatsk and Tambov descended on boards along the Khoper River. Judging by the report of Zhdan Kondyrev in the summer of 1646, the number of hunting people on the Don amounted to 10 thousand people, more than half of them were left without the due salary.
An interesting fact is that the departure of peasants to the Don among the willing people is officially attested in the scribes of the 40s for the Rylsky district - one of the main "suppliers" of Don volunteers in the North of the "echelon of Andrei Pokushalov", and mainly from landowners' villages. Mostly with the permission of the landowner, the sons of those peasants who had 2-3 sons were released to the Don, for which there is the following note in the scribes' books - "go to the Don". Of course, a similar situation should be observed in other counties, from which the free artel workers left for the Don steppes.
Together with the military men of Prince Pozharsky, who came up from Astrakhan, numbering 1700 people, two thousand Nogai Tatars and the Circassians of Prince Mutsal Cherkassky, about 20 thousand people were concentrated in the lower reaches of the Don.
As expected, it was not easy for Prince Semyon Pozharsky to command such a "motley" contingent.
According to the regulations of the tsarist decree, all this variegated army was supposed to fight the Crimea and the Nogais, without touching Azov and the Turks. However, the Don chieftains insisted on a campaign near Azov, which by that time had been well fortified by the Turks. In the month of June, the Donets nevertheless succeeded, but the attack was easily repulsed by the Turks. After an unsuccessful attempt to storm the Azov fortress, the Donets decided to defeat the ulus of the Nogai and Azov Tatars. They were joined by the armies of Prince Pozharsky. Everything happened very successfully, 7000 Tatars and Nogais, 6 thousand cows and 2 thousand sheep were taken in full. With all this booty, the warriors returned to Cherkassk. When sharing all this good, a conflict broke out between the eager people of Kondyrev with the Astrakhan archers and the Circassians of Prince Mutsal. It is likely that the seasoned warriors did not want to recognize eager people as equals. The booty from Kondyrev's people was taken away and taken to Kagalnik, where a trophy division later took place. Outraged by this circumstance, Prince Pozharsky demanded the return of part of the well-deserved prey to his eager people. He boldly appeared in the bandit camp and openly expressed his claims to the Astrakhan and Circassians. Enraged by the prince's audacious act, the troublemakers refused him with abuse and fired from two squeaks
The chronology of the Crimean events is as follows:
Not wanting to bring the conflict to bloodshed, Prince Pozharsky did not insist on the issuance of trophies.
Together with the Don Cossacks, Zhdan Kondyrev organizes a sea voyage to the shores of the Crimea on 37 plows, 50-60 people each. However, due to bad weather and a storm, 5 plows were smashed against the rocks, the detachment had to return to Cherkassk.
At the beginning of September 1646, a detachment of Cossacks and eager people entered the Sea of Azov, soon mooring at the Verkhniye Berdy pier. From here the sea route of the Russian military men lay to the Crimean town of Robotok and "to the Crimean yurts to Kazanrog (Taganrog)", where one September night (the first half of this month) they anchored. They did not dare to go on plows during the day, fearing to be seen by the Crimean people - therefore, it was decided to wait out the day at sea. However, the bold plans of the Don and eager people were disrupted by the raging bad weather - “that day the sea weather was great”. The plows were scattered across the sea, where they carried the unlucky Cossacks for three days, until "they brought … higher than the Gnilov Sea to the tract to the Biryuchaya Spit and smashed to the shore, sir, by the sea weather five plows." The victims of the Don and the eager people managed to escape by swimming to the shore, where their comrades were picked up on other planes, but the supplies were sunk. On the occasion of a new storm that lasted for ten whole days, the Cossacks were forced to wait out the bad weather on the shore. According to the petitioners, the location of the detachment was discovered by the patrol Tatar detachments: "… and taught the Crimean Tatars to ride around us and pick us up." At the gathering, the Don atamans with Zhdan Kondyrev and Mikhail Shishkin decided "between themselves" that a further sudden attack on the Tatar town was no longer possible, "because the Crimean Tatar was aware of it." The detachment withdrew to the pier of Nizhniye Berdy, but even here the military men were again caught by severe bad weather lasting 8 days. Taking advantage of the short-term lull, the Cossacks and eager people moved to Krivoy Kos, where they once again had to wait out the sea storm for 5 days. A repeated night attempt to quietly approach Taganrog by sea was again failed: "… and in the night, sir, the sea weather happened, and the plows, sir, were carried apart across the sea." As the bad weather subsided, the military men began to converge at the pier, from which they advanced to the Donskoy Ust'e. Here the detachment was again taken by surprise by natural disasters - "the sea weather was great and the wind was disgusting, and it blew … from the Don into the sea and was blown apart, and brought to small places." Here the plows ran aground, “those plows were dragged from the shallows into the Don channel in Couturmu”. Meanwhile, from Azov, Mustafa-Bey, "having gathered from the Tatars," came to the Cossack camp, starting to burn plows. Seeing such a thing, the Don people "not for joy themselves" began to burn their own, so that they would not fall into the hands of the Crimeans. Themselves ran to the plows, standing nearby in the channel. Walking on plows along the Kalancheyu to Don channel, the Donets and the eager people of Zhdan Kondyrev and Mikhail Shishkin were shelled by Mustafa-Bey's detachment and Turkish Janissaries serving the Crimeans. Leaving the rowers on the plows, the Cossacks and the eager people went ashore, where they took up the battle. Judging by the words of the petitioners, the Cossacks "with free people killed [the Tatars] many, while others were changed and the horses under them killed many." On October 17, the military men returned to the Cherkasy town. On November 17, the Don Ataman Pavel Fedorov "and all the Don Army" beat Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich with their foreheads, in which the Cossacks presented the entire course of the "Crimean campaign" in a meaningful way.
Simultaneously with the unsuccessful Crimean campaign, all the costs of food and money supply to the Cossack army and a host of eager people surfaced - information about the reasons for the delay in salaries dragged on until January of the following year, until the Don Army received a letter stating thatthat the state's salary "overwintered" in Voronezh. The charter instructed the Don people to share their salaries with "new-drive" eager people, to feed them with their own supplies, and in the spring they promised to send the long-awaited salary: "in the spring they will send to you." On the occasion of the delay, food and money were sent from Tsaritsyn - "to your Cossack town, to the Five Izbam" 5 thousand rye flour.
An unsuccessful attempt to land on the shores of the Crimea, the lack of food supplies and ammunition, predetermined the unfavorable outcome of the entire campaign. In the fall, hunger broke out among the eager people, leading to the deaths of many volunteers, which led to a general flight back to Russia. The main contingent of free hunting people were peasants. On October 5, 1646, 52 people came to Kursk from the Don, who were "beaten at the auction" and imprisoned. From the list of the fugitives it follows that among them there were 4 children of the boyar mottos, the children of the boyar unbelievers - 9, the landowners' peasants - 24, the monasteries - 5, the serfs - 3, the walking man - 1, the relatives of the service people - 3, the square clerk - 1, monastery servant - 1, kurky mailer - 1.
When the fugitives were interrogated by the Kursk governor A. Lazarev, everyone answered the same way: “I went back from hunger,” “I went back, because I was not given a reserve.”
By the beginning of 1647, out of 10 thousand free hunting people, no more than 2 thousand remained on the Don. The rats of Prince Pozharsky left the Don lands long ago. However, the Russian government was not going to return the volunteers - in 1647, a salary was sent to the Don twice by “old and new people”: food, money and ammunition.
To our great regret, the archival reports did not preserve information about the mosquitoes in the Don service - whether they sat on the Don and became “novopriborny” Don Cossacks, died in battles with the Crimeans, or fled to Ukrainian cities - we do not know that.
Lists of free, eager people who became "new instrument Don Cossacks", "who remained in the Don Host to serve the great sovereign" are published in the third book of "Don Affairs" (pp. 327-364). The second echelon of “free people, tidied up in Voronezh by Zhdan Kondyrev, Mikhail Shishkin and podyachy Kirill Anfingenov”, assigned to the Don exile to replenish the staff of the Don Cossacks, are presented in the same book “Don Affairs” on pages 591-654. Geographical nicknames give an approximate picture of the replenishment of the contingent of eager people of the so-called "second echelon" - from which regions the mobs of the new device free people came to the Don service: Yelchanin, Kurmyshenin, Vologzhanin, Tulenin, Astrakhanets, Yaroslavets, Kadlechomets, Kazanets, Lyskovets, Kozlovets, Lomovskoy, Kurchenin, Moskvitin, Kasimovets, Krapivenets - and so on. And that - about 60% of the total family fund of tidied free people. Judging by the geographical nicknames, there are no mosquitoes among them …
Who was the main element for the formation of the free "corrals" of the Don service from the Komarites? These are mainly palace peasants, walking people and relatives of servicemen - this is evidenced by an analysis of the family fund of tidied up volunteers. In an article about the subordinate Cossacks of the Komaritsa Volost - as the forerunner of the militia services of the palace peasants, we already tacitly noted that the parish itself, inhabited by sevryuk, had remained in a special paramilitary position since the time of Lithuanian rule. The dense forests of the north of the volost and the free forest-steppes of its south constantly attracted all kinds of newcomers, a part of which later made up the military-village community of the Komarites. So in the murals by the "peasant" of the Brasov and Glodnevsky camps of 1630
- who and with what battle should be in Bryansk during the time of siege, we find Dorogobuzhskys, Kurchenins, Smolyanins, Shatskikh and Ryazantsev …
"Don Affairs" gives us a real opportunity to get acquainted with the personal composition of the army of eager people, which can serve as a good starting "platform" for genealogical research.
The handwritten notes looked as follows (we will cite them in full as a visual template): “[after the personalities] … we all [the city was indicated] free hunting people of the Don service vouched for each other ten people who were written in this handwritten note, including that we took the tsar's salary: from those who had their own squeak, five rubles each, and who had no squeak of their own, and we took three rubles and a half each, and according to the tsar's squeak, and that we should be under our bail, serve the tsar's tsarev and the great Prince Alexei Mikhailovich of all Russia, serve in the Army on the Don and be ready for all of us, where, according to the sovereign's decree, the sovereign governors, both the clerical people and the Don otamans, will indicate to us in the army. And that according to the sovereign's decree we were given a salary, money and a gun, and we, on our bail, did not drink the sovereign’s salary, and not steal, and not pester us with any theft; and the Tsar Tsar and Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich will not change all of Russia, and he will not run away from the Don and will not leave without a vacation. And in the Crimea, and in Lithuania, and in the new states, you cannot leave. And it will be for our bail to run away from the sovereign's service from the Don, or to steal the sovereign's salary, or in the sovereign Ukrainian towns of the remnant, and on us, on the lieutenants, the fines of the sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich of all Russia, and penalties that the sovereign will indicate, and lieutenant heads instead of his head. And what a lieutenant will be in our faces, on that the sovereign's penalty, and bail, and the sovereign's monetary salary. And for that [the name of the herald or the sexton who wrote the handwritten note]."
Komaritsa (Seveska of the city and the palace Komaritsa volost are free hunting people):
Mikhail Ivanov son Dubinin, Mortin Pavlov son Zmachnev, Mikhail Dmitriev son Dolmatov, Alfer Fedorov son Prilepov Sevchenin, Fatey Borisov son Klevov, Timofey Borisov son Klevov, Dementey Ivanov son Shenyakov, Grigorey Alekseev son Zakharov, Ivan Grigoriev son Andrey Bogdash Zhelezin Ivanov Mokarov, foreman of Samoil Lavrentiev son of Smykov, Fedos Mikhailov son of Pochaptsov, Ivan Kireev son of Rogov
Ortemy Pavlov, son of Boyarintsov, Ignat Semyonov, son of Krupenenok, Naum Sidorov, son of Vyalichin, Rodion Lukyanov, son of Podlinev, Vasily Fedorov, son of Melnev, Sidor Nikonov, son of Kotykin, Ivan Arkhipov, son of Torokanov, Maxim Ivanov, son of Logochev, Dorofey Volodimerov, son of the Fifth, Kondratei Mikitin, son of Gribov, Ivan Ievlev, son of Maslov, Andrey Ievlev, son of Zhidilin Nester Mikhailov, son of Neustuk, Vasily Mikhailov, son of Skomorokh, Maxim Semyonov, son of Bocharov, Grigorey Yekimov, son of Pchelishev, Ivan Fedorov, son of Red, Ivan Maximov, son of Milk-eaters, Gavrila Semyonov, son of Penkov, Ivan Fedorov, son of Vyaltsov, Dmitry Kuzmin, son of Komarichenin, Gavrila Ivanov, son of Ryzhev, Trofim Prokofiev, son of Shchekin, Grigory Danilov, son of Plotnikov, foreman Stepan Yakovlev, son of Lyakhov, Timofey Yuryev, son of Borisiev, Grigory Eremeev, son of Folimonov, Stepan Fedorov, son of Losev, Grigorei, Dmitriy Miklevita, son of, Armey Kondratyev's son Sevchenin, Ofonasey Onisimov's son Semikolenov, Ivan Ostafiev's son D … virgins (three letters are not identified), Porfen Rodionov's son Rylyanin, Ostafay Ivanov's son Surzhakov Komaritsky volosts of the village of Berezavki, Ivan Romanov's son Medvedev, Mikhailov's son Vasilyavki Logis son Trukhvanav, Grigory Yuryev son of Barybin, Sofon Yakovlev son of Epishin of the city of Sevsk, centurion of free hunting people, Bogdan Zakharyev son of Baranovskaya, Maxim Safonov son of Epikhin, Stepan Kondratyev son of Privalov, Fyodor Ostafiev son of Semerichev, Peter Grigoriev son of Besedin, Stepan Ivanov Alekseev's son Semikin, Gerasim Nefediev's son Lovyagin, Dobrynya Ivanov's son Bocharov, Vasily Fedorov's son Lepekhin, Alexey Iv anov son of Sukhadolsky, Grigory Vasilyev son of Pyankov, Vasily Kondratyev son of Galkin, Ivan Mikheev son of Teleshev, Ostafay Ofonasiev son of Sevchenin
Kondratey Frolov, son of Pisnov, Ivan Petrov, son of Polekhin, Isai Efremov, son of Chikinev, Fyodor Ondreev, son of Shubin, Yury Kharitonov, son of Tepukhov in the Komaritsa volost of the village of Podyvotya, Ivan Ondreev, son of Fintarev of the city of Sevsk, centurion of free hunting people, Ivan Derymentev, son of Diyakanov, son of Ivanov Prokofey Ofonasiev son of Karpov, Stepan Savelyev son of Gukov, Bogdan Trofimov son of Azhov, Davyd Ivanov son of Kubyshkin, Fyodor Ivanov son of Klimov, Saveli Dementeev son of Kudinov, Ondrey Arkhipyev son of Sedelnikov, Artem Mikhailov son of Kazakov, Ofonasei Osipov son of Zbrodnev, Kuprebi Trudy Ivan Stepanov, son of Kulikov, Yakim Anikonov, son of Nechaev, Vasily Samoilov, son of Venterev, Ivan Danilov, son of Kavynev, Lukyan Nikonov, son of Tokorev, Timofey Vasiliev, son of Borisov, Klemen Kupreyanov, son of Trubitsyn, Karp Isaev, son of the Kartavy Sevsky town of the Komaritsa volost of the village of Radogoschi, Mosey Gerasimov, son of Kutykhin, Stepan Grigoriev, son of Stebal, Nikito Vladimirov, son of Borozdin, Naum Motveev, son of Proninel, Anton Vasiliev, son of Proninel Anton Vasiliev, Anton Vasilyev, Sergei Ivanov, son of Koltsov, Kuzma Antonov, son, Agafon Ivanov, son of Tripog, Mino Mitrofanov, son of Klee … (three letters not identified), Ignat Ivanov, son of Premikov, Mikhailo Bykov, Timofey Vasiliev, son of Oryol, Potap Ivanov, son of Yurgin, Ivan Ivanov, son of Bychonok, Andrei Mironov son of Gridyushkov, Dmitry Plotonov son of Markov, Ivan Fedorov son of Khmelevskaya, Ivan Romanov son of Krechetov, Dovid Yermolav son of Leushev, Grigory Fedorov son of Kirilov, Grigory Zenoviev son of Sheplyakov, Ten's manager Martin Artemov son of Skamorokhov, Martin Artemov son of Borodov, Grigory Mitrofanov, son of Shulzhonkov, Gavrilo Ivanov, son of Shaking, Vasily Samoilov, son of Tarakanov, Timofey Ustinov, son of Sukhorukoy, Kolistrat Rod Ivonov son of Piskov, Perfil Antonov son of Marakhin, Alexey Larionov son of Katarzhnai, Klim Larionov son of Zenoviev, Kostentin Sidorov son of Sapronov, Ivan Vasiliev son of Semerishchev, Safron Andreev son of Sevchenin
Ozar Sergeev son of Goncharov, Arkhip Yakovlev son of Boybakov, Kondratei Afonasiev son of Butyev, Philip Semyonov son of Kurchenin, Klim Dementyev son of Vorobiev, Ekim Ermolaev son of Zvegintsev, Yevsey Ivanov son of Gikov, Fyodor Vasiliev son of Shchestakov, Larivon Ivanov, son of Ilyin, Raman Step Andrei Radionov, son of Salkov, Alifan Prokofiev, son of Ignatov, Avil Emelyanov, son of Chernikov, Ivan Antipiev, son of Tolkachev, Frol Semyonov, son of Sevidov, Grigory Timofeev, son of Ulaev, Stefan Mikiforov, son of Selivanov, Rodion Timofeev, son of Gayav with a piste, Ivan Grigoriev s, Vasiley Olekseev son of Plotnikov, Semyon Nikiforov Shatskago, Lorion Ivanov son of Drozzhin, Ignaty Stepanov son of Ontips, Ivan Leontiev son of Duvoladov, Mikifor Nefedov, son of Smolyanins, Osip Trofimov, son of Tunyasyev (sic!), Evsei Folimonov, son of Grinin, Ermol Pavlov, son of Lomazin, Stepan Mikitin, son of Lapnin, Arkhip Tarasyev, son of Stapnikov, Mitrofan Karpav, son of Erin, Tarasei Petrov, son of Isaev, Gubmin, son of Gubmin Barisov's son Naleskin, Larion Ivanov's son Zybin, Susoy Mikitin's son Kalachnikav, Terenty Rodionav Pskavitin's, Arkhip Petrov's son Gancharov, Thomas Vasilyev's son Khlapenikov, foreman Ivan Zhdanov's son Kryukov, Levontey Mikitin's son Kopyrev, Mozofey Mikhailov's son Liu Ivanov Andreev son of Katov, Mikhail Mikhailov son of Chepurnov, Khorlan Timofeev son of Bukreev, Mikhail Poluekhtov son of Vyzhlai (sic!), Stepan Alekseev son of Kostin, Mikita Abramav son of Mamin, Stepan Savelyev son of Cherikov, Maxim Grigoriev son of Semerichev, Fyodor Kirilov son of Zlyvin son of Panov, Prokofey Mikifarav son of Simanav, Sysoy Ivanov son of Slashchov, Mikhail Panteleev son of Dmitriev, Anofrey Fedorov son of Sakolnikav, Khariton Trofimav son of Yakovlev.
Sources:
V. P. Zagorovsky "Belgorodskaya line", p. 114
RGADA, Columns of the Belgorod table, 36, l. 100
Ibid, ll. 134-135
Ibid., No. 908, l. 273
RGADA, Columns of the Order table, d. 162, l. 330
RIB, t. 24, St. Petersburg 1906, p. 828
Ibid, pp. 810-811, 860, 901-919
I. B. Babulin "Prince Semyon Pozharsky and the Battle of Konotop", St. Petersburg 2009, p.19-20
A. A. Novoselsky "The struggle of the Moscow state with the Tatars in the first half of the 17th century", M. 1948, p. 382
RGADA, Columns of the Belgorod table, d. 228, ll. 146-154
Don affairs, St. Petersburg 1909, pp. 263-267
Ibid, p. 228.
Ibid., 217, ll. 128-136
A. S. Rakitin, "Subordinate Cossacks of the Komaritsa Volost", M. 2009
RGADA, Columns of the Sevsk table, d. 78, ll. 136-173
Don affairs, book. 2. St. Petersburg 1906. Russian Historical Library, published by the Imperial Archaeographic Commission. T. 24. - "Columns No. 931-1042 -" Hand mutual records of free military men recruited in the Ukrainian cities to go to the Don to help the Don Army (1646) ".
