The hypothesis about the appearance of man in Africa is wrong, the scientist believes
Anatoly Klyosov, a leading representative of the scientific direction "DNA Genealogy", Doctor of Chemistry, Professor of Moscow State University and Harvard University, in an exclusive interview with KM. RU, refuted the hypothesis about the appearance of man in Africa.
The eminent scientist is sure that Southern Siberia was the cradle of the Slavs and Western Europeans.
The African man hypothesis was a mistake that soon became dogma
- The question of where the first person appeared is the most controversial and controversial. For more than 20 years, I'm not afraid to say this, we have been brainwashed that humanity originated in Africa. Of course, this hypothesis did not arise from scratch and was not quackery. In my opinion, this approach was an "internal political order" or an unconscious mistake that began to deepen and then turned into a dogma.
The concept of human descent from Africa emerged in the late 1980s. If you open the article where the authors presented it, then it will be said that, "presumably", man came out of Africa, "presumably" 200,000 years ago. The words "presumably" immediately fell out of circulation, although they have a key meaning.
When you start to understand this hypothesis, you realize how many ambiguities there are. I myself believed in this concept at one time, because in articles and books on the origin of man, it was presented as completely proven. Well, at first I believed it until I figured it out myself a few years later.
Caucasoid race did not descend from Negroid
However, in us, the peoples of Eurasia, there are no African mutations. If humanity is represented as a tree, then the branches will be haplogroups (genus). There are 20 such main branches in total, which are called in the order of the letters of the Latin alphabet. True, scientists recently identified two more haplogroups, representatives of which live in South Africa, and they were also called the letter A, with additional indices. How else? After all, this is Africa: that means the first, that means the letter A … Dogma continues to live.
For Eastern Europe, the main group is R1a, for Western Europe - R1b. Haplogroup R was formed in Siberia, and that was 35-40 thousand years ago. This is a Caucasian race, whose parent was haplogroup P. From it, as a result of mutations, two haplogroups were formed: R and Q. Now the direct descendants of haplogroup P are scattered in different regions. In particular, they are found in Siberia and the Caucasus.
There is a widespread approach according to which there was originally a Negroid race, and then Caucasians emerged from it. I can definitely say that Caucasians did not descend from Africans.
To prove this, I'll start with the fact that the human branch appeared about 5 million years ago and was based on the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees. And now any person and any chimpanzee has thousands, tens and hundreds of thousands of identical irreversible mutations inherited from that common ancestor. With each new generation, they are exactly copied in our DNA.
The Neanderthals appeared about 400,000 years ago. It is important to know who they were. It is known that the Neanderthal man was red-haired and fair-haired: this is again evidenced by mutations in DNA that are responsible for the color of skin and hair.
The Neanderthal was definitely not Negroid and Mongoloid. He was closer to the Caucasian race, but it is still impossible to say that he was one hundred percent Caucasian: there are clear differences in anthropology, in the structure of the skull and body, in basic foodstuffs.
The place of appearance of the Neanderthal is not known for certain. In Africa, his remains were not found, which means that it can be argued that our common ancestor did not live there.
This is a very serious argument that the supporters of the above hypothesis of "mankind's exit from Africa" never mention. He is immediately "swept under the rug" because he puts them practically in a stalemate.
The migration of the ancestors of modern Slavs and Europeans from Southern Siberia began 20,000 years ago
Roughly 160,000 years ago, a fork was formed when Africans and other races parted ways. We also do not know where it happened. One group of people began to populate Africa, while the other remained or left for Eurasia. I am often asked: where was this "plug"? I cannot say for sure, but taking into account the totality of existing factors, I suppose that this happened in the Europe-Ural-Middle East triangle. More precisely, there is no data. If someone claims to know and names places (including Africa), that is totally wrong. Bluff.
As I already said, Caucasians do not have common mutations with Africans, apart from those inherited earlier 160,000 years ago, from the same common ancestor with chimpanzees. Therefore, geneticists "filter out" these common mutations, otherwise they clog the subsequent mutations, formed later, up to our time.
This filtering is done with sophisticated computer programs and results in multiple errors. They filter only those mutations that are found in the only modern chimpanzee for which a genomic analysis has been carried out, and there were many of them, “good and different,” millions of years ago.
Therefore, in the remainder of a modern person, there is always an excess or shortage of mutations. The excess is attributed to a Neanderthal or Denisovan man, hence the "Neanderthal percentage" or "Denisovan percentage" in modern people … In general, there is still that nightmare. People pay money for this, but they get, in fact, fakes. The deficiency is ignored or the corresponding mutations are removed. The “exit of people from Africa” is also “proved”.
In short, along the chain of migrants from the aforementioned triangle, which were accompanied by the appearance of new mutations in their DNA, a series of haplogroups, that is, genera, was formed, which led to haplogroup P, whose carriers (or their ancestors) left for Siberia. From her haplogroup Q appeared, whose representatives left for America (and continue to live there now, both in North and South America; in the latter, about 90% of the aborigines are carriers of haplogroup Q), and carriers of R settled in the vastness of Eurasia. Our direct ancestor from haplogroup R1a lived in southern Siberia about 20,000 years ago.
Until very recently, many scientists were convinced that the carriers of the R group lived in Europe as early as 30,000 years ago. This statement continues today, despite the fact that Danish experts made DNA analysis of the bones of a boy who lived 24,000 years ago in the fall of last year. They were found in the village of Malta, Irkutsk region, near Lake Baikal.
The results showed that he had haplogroup R. This means that at that time the ancestors of today's Europeans lived in southern Siberia. This was also shown by the data of DNA genealogy, which I have published many times over the past five years, including in the English-language scientific press. But then it was so unexpected for science, and not everyone believed in the calculations, they perceived them with skepticism; nevertheless, articles on this topic have been downloaded thousands of times. Now this is confirmed by direct data from the analysis of ancient DNA. Now it is ridiculous to read the statements of experts like "who would have thought that this is Siberia?" and "we are in shock."
The migration to Europe of representatives of haplogroups R1a and R1b began about 20,000 years ago. She went different ways. Route R1a lay to the south - through Hindustan, the Iranian plateau, Anatolia and the Balkans. They then settled in Europe and became known as the Aryans. But 5000 years ago, under the pressure of certain factors, they left for the Russian Plain and eventually became Scythians and Slavs. Both the ancient Aryans, and the Scythians, and up to two-thirds of the Slavs belong to the same genus - R1a.
Southern Siberia can be called a kind of cradle of humanity
At present, the share of R1a carriers in the Belgorod, Kursk and Oryol regions reaches 67%. But on average in Russia, they are 48%, because in the north of our country, haplogroups I (22% of the total number of ethnic Russians) and N (14%) dominate.
In my opinion, Southern Siberia can be called a kind of cradle of humanity. After all, it was there that our common ancestor with the Europeans appeared, although R1a and R1b did not intersect for many thousands of years.
R1b followed the "northern arc" through the Kazakh steppes, Bashkiria and the Middle Volga. Also from South Siberia, carriers of haplogroup N arrived in Europe - the Balts and Finno-Ugrians, who went north from the Altai region "counterclockwise", further along the Northern Urals and dispersed from the middle Urals to the Baltic states. Having reached the Baltic States, they split up: one part became Finns, and the other - Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians and residents of the northeast of the European part of Russia.
