Project 12411 missile boats are designed to destroy enemy surface warships, transport and landing vehicles and ships at sea, basing points, naval groupings and their cover, as well as to cover friendly ships and vessels from surface and air threats.
Since 1981 missile boats "Molniya" in modification 12411 (12411M) began to enter service with the Navy of the Soviet Union. They are a development of the project 1241 Molniya RC. The main developer is the Almaz Association. In total, more than three dozen missile boats were built at various shipyards. The main difference is the installation of an anti-ship missile system with 3M-80 Mosquito missiles instead of Termit missiles (P-15).
In our time, rocket boats of the 12411 series are in service with the Russian Navy. Most recently, three RKs with Mosquito anti-ship missiles ordered Libya for the needs of its naval forces. (Since 2008, the Libyan side has ordered 3 RK project 12411 at the Vympel shipyard. The estimated cost of the order is about $ 200 million).
History of development of the RC project 12411
Combat operations involving missile ships armed with P-15 anti-ship missiles in 1967 (Arab-Israeli conflict) and in 1971 (Indo-Pakistani conflict) became the starting point for the creation of a missile boat carrying an improved anti-missile system with a more powerful and modern anti-ship missile "Mosquito". Initially, assessments were made of the possibilities of deploying Mosquito anti-ship missiles on missile boats, in particular, on the Project 205 Republic of Kazakhstan, which is the main carrier of the P-15 sea anti-ship missile. As a result, the RK of project 205 did not fit in terms of weight and dimensions, and the MRK "Ovod" of project 1234 did not fit in terms of speed.
The required maximum speed of the new missile boat with the Moskit anti-ship missile was to be at least 42-43 knots. As it turned out, small and medium-sized missile boats could not take on board Mosquitoes and provide the required speed.
Therefore, the task was set to design a large rocket ship with a powerful power plant on board. In 1973, a Decree was issued, according to which the design and development of a modern high-speed missile boat began. In addition, according to the TTT DBK, it should have the best performance characteristics, modern means of combat self-defense, electronic warfare, improved habitability and autonomy.
The design and development of the new DBK was entrusted to the Almaz association. GK Yukhnin E. I. is appointed as the project manager. According to the idea being implemented, the boats were developed as a whole system of large combat boats. Project 1241 became a single basis for the creation of missile, anti-submarine and patrol boats. It was planned to serially produce ships for the needs of not only the Soviet Union, but also to meet the needs of the fleets of friendly states. This and the different readiness of the military-industrial complex's capacities for the production of components led to the appearance and creation of several modifications on the basis of the 1241 project. The main developer was instructed to carry out the construction of the lead ships of the main two modifications.
The first modification is a rocket ship with installed Termit "P15M" anti-ship missiles and a gas turbine propulsion system. This modification appeared due to the lag in the developers of the Moskit anti-ship missile system and the diesel gas turbine propulsion system to deliver the products by the appointed date. The modification receives the designation 1241-1 and made it possible to start the production of the hull structure and start the production of missile boats ordered by foreign customers.
Simultaneously with the first modification, the development of the main modification was carried out - the RK project 12411. This modification becomes the new missile boat that was required by the Soviet Navy. The lead ship of Project 1241-1 with "Termit" entered service with the Navy in 1979. The lead ship of Project 12411 with Mosquito anti-ship missiles and the new DSTU entered service with the Navy at the end of 1981. Before that, factory tests were successfully carried out, after which the missile boat was sent to the Black Sea, where the main tests were carried out. During the tests, the ship was finalized with the main equipment and weapons, after which the head RK project 12411 successfully passed a complex of state tests. After the adoption of the lead missile boat, the serial production of this modification begins. For the rapid introduction of new RKs into the stand, missile ships were assembled at the Khabarovsk and Sredne-Nevsky Shipyards. Both factories built and handed over on average two or three RCs per year, the bulk of the missile boats were built and commissioned from 1985 to 1992. Project 1241-1 missile boats were built until 1985, three more units.
Device and design
The displacement of the RK is about half a thousand tons, the architecture of the new ships is smooth-deck with round bilge (front part) and sharp bilge (stern) contours. The steel case is divided into ten compartments to ensure survivability. The superstructure and internal ship bulkheads are made of aluminum alloys. Project 12411 RC was equipped with a new combined-type DGTU. It consisted of two gas turbine engines and 2 diesel engines, transmitting the generated power to two fixed pitch propellers that provided a top speed of 40 knots or more.
Armament
In addition to the main anti-ship complex with the 3M-80 Moskit anti-ship missile system, the missile boat was equipped with one 76mm AK-176 gun mount and two 30mm AK-630 six-barrel gun mounts. It was possible to install two Strela-3 MANPADS units.
Rocket ships - project 12411
A total of 34 ships were laid down, they were built at the facilities of the Leningrad "Almaz", Sredne-Nevsky and Khabarovsk plants:
R-46 - serial number 402, the lead ship of the series, laid down in March 1976 at the facilities of the Almaz association, launched from the stocks in March 1980, commissioned in December 1981. Decommissioned in 1994;
Р47 - serial number 206, the first ship laid down at the facilities of the Sredne-Nevsky plant in June 1983, launched from the stocks in August 1986, commissioned in February 1987. Board number 819. DKBF (36 BrRKA);
R-60 - serial number 207, laid down in December 1985, launched from the stocks in December 1986, commissioned in December 1987. Board number 955. Upgraded - installation of ZAK Broadsword. Black Sea Fleet;
R-160 (MAK-160) - serial number 208, laid down in February 1986, launched in September 1987, commissioned in August 1988. Upgraded to project 12411T. Board number 054. Caspian flotilla;
R-187 (Zarechny) - serial number 209, laid down in July 1986, launched from the stocks in April 1988, commissioned in March 1989. Board number 855. DKBF (36 BrRKA);
R-239 - factory # 210, laid down in October 1987, launched in December 1988, commissioned in September 1989. Board number 953. Black Sea Fleet;
R-334 (Ivanovets) - factory # 211, laid down in January 1988, launched from the stocks in July 1989, commissioned in December 1989. Board number 954. Black Sea Fleet;
R-109 - factory # 212, laid down in July 1989, launched from the stocks in April 1990, commissioned in October 1990. Board number 952. Black Sea Fleet;
R-291 (Dimitrovgrad) - factory # 213, laid down in December 1985, launched from the stocks in December 1986, commissioned in December 1987. Board number 825. DKBF (36 BrRKA);
R-293 (Morshansk) - factory # 214, laid down in April 1991, launched from the stocks in August 1991, commissioned in March 1992. Board number 874. DKBF;
Р-2 - factory # 215, laid down in 1991, launched in 1994, commissioned in February 2000. Board number 870. DKBF (36 BrRKA);
R-5 - factory # 216, the last one laid by the Republic of Kazakhstan at the facilities of the Sredne-Nevsky plant in 1991;
R-66 - factory # 905, the first laid down by the RK at the facilities of the Khabarovsk plant, was put into operation in April 1985. Decommissioned in 1999;
R-85 - factory # 906, commissioned in September 1985;
R-103 - factory # 907, commissioned in November 1985;
R-113 - factory # 908, commissioned in December 1985. Decommissioned in 1997;
R-158 - factory # 909, commissioned in October 1986. Decommissioned in 1996;
R-76 - factory # 910, commissioned in December 1986. Decommissioned in 1996;
R-83 - factory # 911, commissioned in December 1986;
R-229 - factory # 912, commissioned in September 1987;
R-230 - factory # 913, commissioned in December 1987. Decommissioned in 1997;
R-240 - factory # 914, commissioned in October 1988;
R-261 - factory # 915, commissioned in December 1988. Board number 991. Pacific Fleet (2 nest RK days);
R-271 - factory # 916, commissioned in September 1989;
R-442 - factory # 917, commissioned in December 1989;
R-297 - factory # 918, commissioned in September 1990. Board number 951. Pacific Fleet;
R-298 - factory # 919, commissioned in December 1990. Board number 940. Pacific Fleet (2 nest RK days);
R-11 - factory # 920, commissioned in September 1991. Board number 916. Pacific Fleet (2 nest RK days);
R-14 - factory # 921, laid down in 1988, commissioned in December 1991. Board number 924. Pacific Fleet (2 nest RK days);
R-18 - factory # 922, commissioned in August 1992. Board number 937. Pacific Fleet (2 nest RK days);
R-19 - factory # 923, commissioned in December 1992. Board number 978. Pacific Fleet;
R-20 - factory # 924, laid down in 1989, launched in October 1991, commissioned in November 1993. Board number 921. Pacific Fleet (2 nest RK days);
R-24 - factory # 925, laid down in 1989, launched in December 1991, commissioned in December 1994. Board number 946. Pacific Fleet (2 nest RK days);
R-29 - factory # 924, the last RK, laid down at the facilities of the Sredne-Nevsky plant in 1992, was commissioned in September 2003. Board number 916. Pacific Fleet (2 nest RK days).
Main characteristics:
- length - 56.1 meters;
- width - 10.2 meters;
- draft - 4.3 (2.5) meters;
- displacement rate / max - 436/493 tons;
- speed - 38-39 to 41 knots;
- cruising range 1600 miles (speed 20 knots) or 400 miles (speed 36 knots);
- Power - DGTU, combined, two diesel engines (8000 hp) and two turbines (24000 hp);
- Armament - 4 launchers with 3M-80 (anti-ship missiles Mosquito); one AK-176 of 76.2mm caliber; two AK-630 30mm caliber; the ability to install two MANPADS Strela-3 or Igla;
- Equipment - reinforced radar complex;
- Boat crew - 40/41 or 44 people.
