The last ship of the "667 family" and the last Soviet submarine missile carrier of the 2nd generation (in fact, smoothly passed into the third generation) was the strategic missile submarine cruiser (SSBN) of project 667-BRDM (code "Dolphin"). Like its predecessors, it was created at the Rubin Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineering under the leadership of the General Designer, Academician SN Kovalev. (the main observer from the navy is Captain 1st Rank Piligin Yu. F.). The government decree on the development of a nuclear submarine was issued on 1975-10-09.
K-18 "Karelia", January 1, 1994
The main weapon of the submarine was to be the D-9RM missile system, which had 16 R-29RM intercontinental liquid-propellant missiles (RSM-54 - contractual designation, SS-N-23 "Skiff" - NATO designation), which had an increased firing range, separation radius and the accuracy of warheads. The development of the missile system began in 1979 at KBM. The creators of the complex were focused on achieving the maximum technical level and tactical and technical characteristics with limited changes in the submarine design. The new missiles in terms of combat capabilities surpassed all modifications of the most powerful American Trident naval missile systems, while having much smaller dimensions and weight. Depending on the number of warheads, as well as their mass, the range of fire with ballistic missiles could significantly exceed 8, 3 thousand km. R-29RM was the last missile developed under the leadership of V. P. Makeev, as well as the last Soviet liquid-propellant intercontinental ballistic missile - all subsequent domestic ballistic missiles were designed as solid-propellant.
The design of the new submarine was a further development of the 667-BDR project. Due to the increased dimensions of missiles and the need to introduce structural solutions to reduce hydroacoustic signature, the submarine had to increase the height of the missile silo fencing. The length of the stern and bow ends of the ship was also increased, the diameter of the strong hull also increased, the contours of the light hull were somewhat "filled up" in the area of the first - third compartments. In the strong hull, as well as in the design of the inter-compartment and end bulkheads of the submarine, steel was used, which was obtained by the method of electroslag remelting. This steel had increased ductility.
When creating a submarine, measures were taken to significantly reduce the noise of the vessel, as well as to reduce interference with the operation of sonar onboard equipment. The principle of aggregation of equipment and mechanisms is widely used, which was placed on a common frame, which is relatively strong and damped. In the area of the energy compartments, local sound absorbers were installed, the efficiency of acoustic coatings of the durable and lightweight hulls was increased. As a result, the nuclear submarine has approached the level of the American nuclear submarine with third-generation ballistic missiles "Ohio" in terms of hydroacoustic signature characteristics.
The main power plant of the submarine consists of two pressurized water reactors VM-4SG (power of each 90 mW) and two steam turbines OK-700A. The rated power of the power plant is 60 thousand liters. with. On board the submarine there are two DG-460 diesel generators, two TG-3000 turbine generators, and two economy electric motors. stroke (power of each 225 liters. The nuclear submarine is equipped with five-blade low-noise propellers with improved hydroacoustic characteristics. A hydrodynamic special is installed on the light body to ensure a favorable operating mode for the screws. a device that evens out the oncoming water flow.
In the project of the submarine of project 667-BDRM, measures were taken to improve living conditions. The crew of the cruiser got a sauna, solarium, gym and the like at their disposal. An improved system of electrochemical air regeneration through electrolysis of water and absorption of carbon dioxide by a solid regenerating absorber provides an oxygen concentration within 25 percent and carbon dioxide not more than 0.8 percent.
For the centralized control of the combat activities of the project 667-BDRM SSBNs, the Omnibus-BDRM BIUS is equipped, which collects and processes information, solves the tasks of tactical maneuvering and combat use of missile-torpedo and torpedo weapons.
A new SJC "Skat-BDRM" is installed on the nuclear submarine with ballistic missiles, which is not inferior in its characteristics to American counterparts. The hydroacoustic complex has a large antenna with a height of 4, 5 and a diameter of 8, 1 meters. On the ships of the 667-BDRM project, for the first time in the practice of Soviet shipbuilding, a fiberglass antenna fairing was used, which has an edgeless design (this made it possible to significantly reduce the hydroacoustic interference that affects the antenna device of the complex). There is also a towed hydroacoustic antenna, which in the inoperative position was retracted into the submarine's hull.
The "Gateway" navigation system ensures the accuracy of the use of missile weapons required by the boat. Clarification of the location of the submarine by means of astrocorrection is carried out upon ascent to the periscope depth with a frequency of every 48 hours.
The submarine missile carrier 667-BDRM is equipped with the Molniya-N radio communication system. There are two buoy-type pop-up antennas that allow receiving radio messages, target designation signals and space navigation systems at great depths.
The D-9RM missile system, which was put into service in 1986 (after the death of Viktor Petrovich Makeev, its creator), is a further development of the D-9R complex. The D-9R complex consists of 16 liquid-propellant three-stage ampouled missiles R-29RM (ind. ZM37) with a maximum range of 9.3 thousand km. The R-29RM rocket, even today, has the highest energy and mass perfection in the world. The rocket has a launch weight of 40.3 tons and a throw weight of 2.8 tons, that is, almost equal to the throw weight of the much heavier US Trident II rocket. R-29RM is equipped with a multiple warhead designed for four or ten warheads with a total power of 100 kt. Today, missiles are deployed on all nuclear submarines of the 667-BDRM project, the warhead of which is equipped with four warheads. High accuracy (circular probable deviation is 250 meters), commensurate with the accuracy of the Trident D-5 missiles (USA), which according to various estimates is 170-250 meters, allows the D-9RM complex to hit small-sized highly protected targets (silo launchers of ICBMs, command posts and other objects). The launch of the entire ammunition load can be carried out in one salvo. The maximum launch depth is 55 meters without restrictions in the launch area due to weather conditions.
The new torpedo-missile system, which is installed on the submarine of the 667-BDRM project, consists of 4 torpedo tubes of 533 mm caliber with a fast loading system, which ensure the use of almost all types of modern torpedoes, PLUR (anti-submarine missile torpedo), hydroacoustic countermeasures devices.
Modifications
In 1988 g.the D-9RM missile system, which is installed on the boats of the 667-BDRM project, was modernized: the warheads were replaced with more advanced ones, the navigation system was supplemented with space navigation equipment (GLONASS), provided the ability to launch rockets along flat trajectories, which makes it possible to more reliably overcome promising systems missile defense of a potential enemy. We have increased the resistance of missiles to the damaging factors of nuclear weapons. According to some experts, the modernized D-9RM outperforms the Trident D-5, the American counterpart, in such important indicators as the ability to overcome enemy missile defenses and the accuracy of hitting targets.
In 1990-2000, the K-64 missile carrier was converted into a test vessel and renamed BS-64.
Construction program
K-51 - the lead missile carrier of the 667-BDRM project - was laid down in Severodvinsk at the Northern Machine-Building Enterprise in February 1984, launched in January of the following year, and in December it was commissioned. In total, from 1985 to 1990, 7 SSBNs of this project were built at the Northern Machine-Building Enterprise.
2007 status
At present, nuclear submarines with ballistic missiles (according to our classification - Strategic Missile Submarine) of Project 667-BDRM (known in the West as "Delta IV class") are the basis of the naval component of the Russian strategic nuclear triad. All of them are part of the third flotilla of strategic submarines of the Northern Fleet based in Yagelnaya Bay. There are specials to accommodate individual submarines. shelter bases, which are underground, reliably protected structures intended for parking and providing for recharging of reactors with nuclear fuel and repair.
Project 667-BDRM submarines became one of the first Soviet nuclear submarines, almost completely invulnerable in the area of their combat duty. Performing combat patrols in the Arctic seas, which are adjacent to the Russian coast of the submarine, even under the most favorable hydrological conditions for the enemy (complete calm, which is observed in the Barents Sea only in 8 percent of "natural situations"), can be detected by the latest nuclear-powered multipurpose submarines of the type "Improved Los Angeles" US Navy at distances no more than 30 km. But in conditions that are typical for the remaining 92 percent of the time of the year, in the presence of wind at a speed of 10-15 m / s and waves, nuclear submarines with ballistic missiles of the 667-BDRM project are not detected by the enemy at all or can be detected by a sonar system of the BQQ-5 type at a distance of up to 10 km. In addition, in the polar seas of the north, there are vast shallow areas in which the detection range of Project 667-BDRM boats, even in complete calm, is reduced to less than 10 thousand meters (that is, almost absolute survival of submarines is ensured). It should be borne in mind that Russian missile submarines are actually on alert in internal waters, which are fairly well covered by the anti-submarine weapons of the fleet.
In 1990, on one of the cruisers of the 667-BDRM project, a special. tests with the preparation and subsequent launch of the entire ammunition load consisting of 16 missiles in a salvo (as in a real combat situation). This experience was unique not only for our country, but for the whole world.
SSGN pr.949-A and SSBN "Novomoskovsk" pr.677-BDRM in the base
Submarines of project 667-BDRM are currently also used to launch artificial earth satellites into low earth orbits. From one of the nuclear submarines with ballistic missiles of the 667-BDRM project in July 1998, the Shtil-1 carrier rocket, developed on the basis of the R-29RM rocket, was the first in the world to launch an artificial Earth satellite Tubsat-N, a German design (start performed from a submerged position). Also, work is underway to develop the Shtil-2 marine launch vehicle of greater power with the weight of the output load, which has been increased to 350 kilograms.
Probably, the service of the missile carriers of the 667-BDRM project will continue until 2015. To maintain the combat potential of these ships at the required level, the military-industrial commission in September 1999 decided to resume production of the R-29RM missiles.
The main tactical and technical characteristics of the 667-BDRM project:
Surface displacement - 11,740 tons;
Underwater displacement - 18,200 tons;
Main dimensions:
- maximum length (at design waterline) - 167.4 m (160 m);
- maximum width - 11, 7 m;
- draft at design waterline - 8, 8 m;
Main power plant:
- 2 pressurized water reactors VM-4SG with a total capacity of 180 MW;
- 2 PPU OK-700A, 2 GTZA-635
- 2 steam turbines with a total capacity of 60,000 hp (44100 kW);
- 2 turbine generators TG-3000, each power 3000 kW;
- 2 diesel generators DG-460, power of each 460 kW;
- 2 electric motors of economic course, power of each 225 hp;
- 2 shafts;
- 2 five-bladed propellers;
Surface speed - 14 knots;
Submerged speed - 24 knots;
Working immersion depth - 320 … 400 m;
Maximum immersion depth - 550 … 650 m;
Autonomy - 80 … 90 days;
Crew - 135 … 140 people;
Strategic missile weapons:
- launchers of SLBMs R-29RM (SS-N-23 "Skiff") of the D-9RM complex - 16 pcs;
Anti-aircraft missile armament:
- launchers of MANPADS 9K310 "Igla-1" / 9K38 "Igla" (SA-14 "Gremlin" / SA-16 "Gimlet") - 4 … 8 pcs.;
Torpedo and missile-torpedo armament:
- torpedo tubes of caliber 533 mm - 4 (bow);
- torpedoes SAET-60M, 53-65M, PLUR RPK-6 "Waterfall" (SS-N-16 "Stallion") caliber 533 mm - 12 pcs;
Mine weapons:
- can carry instead of part of the torpedoes up to 24 minutes;
Electronic weapons:
Combat information and control system - "Omnibus-BDRM";
General detection radar system - MRK-50 "Cascade" (Snoop Tray);
Hydroacoustic system:
- sonar complex MGK-500 "Skat-BDRM" (Shark Gill; Mouse Roar);
Electronic warfare means:
- "Zaliv-P" RTR;
- "Veil-P" radio direction finder (Brick Pulp / Group; Park Lamp D / F);
GPA means - 533-mm GPA;
Navigation complex:
- "Gateway";
- CNS GLONASS;
- radiosextant (Code Eye);
- ANN;
Radio communication complex:
- "Molniya-N" (Pert Spring), CCC "Tsunami-BM";
- buoy towed antennas "Paravan" or "Swallow" (VLF);
- microwave and high frequency antennas;
- station for underwater communication;
State recognition radar - "Nichrom-M".
