100 years have passed since the first victory of Russian naval pilots during the First World War. On July 17 (July 4, old style), 1916, four M-9 seaplanes from the Orlitsa aircraft carrier of the Baltic Fleet defended the Russian naval base on the island of Saaremaa (now Estonia) from a German air attack. Two Kaiser's planes were shot down, the Russian seaplanes returned without loss.
Naval aviation - a branch of the Russian Navy, designed to search for and destroy the enemy, to cover groupings of ships and objects from air strikes, as well as to conduct aerial reconnaissance.
Naval aviation is functionally subdivided into several types: naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine, fighter, reconnaissance and auxiliary purposes. Depending on the location, it is conditionally divided into deck and shore-based aviation.
The Russian Navy currently has one aircraft carrier - the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov. It is based on:
carrier-based fighters Su-33, MiG-29K / KUB;
training aircraft Su-25UTG;
multipurpose shipborne helicopters Ka-27, Ka-29 and Ka-31.
It is expected that in the near future the Ka-52K Katran attack helicopters will be based on the cruiser. Projects of a promising aircraft carrier and universal amphibious assault ships-helicopter carriers are under development.
In service with the coastal aviation of the Russian Navy:
long-range anti-submarine aircraft Tu-142 (modification of the strategic bomber Tu-95);
anti-submarine aircraft Il-20 and Il-38;
fighter-interceptors MiG-31;
transport aircraft An-12, An-24, An-26;
helicopters Ka-52K, Mi-8, Mi-24, Ka-31 and others.
Fighter aircraft
Su-33
Russian carrier-based fighter of the fourth generation, developed for the Russian Navy at the Sukhoi Design Bureau under the leadership of Mikhail Petrovich Simonov, formerly known as the Su-27K (NATO codification: Flanker-D).
The first flight of the Su-27K took place on August 17, 1987, and on November 1, 1989, the Su-27K took off and landed for the first time in the USSR on the aircraft-carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov.
It was put into service on August 31, 1998 and since then has been the main carrier-based aircraft of the Russian Navy.
The aircraft is operated by one pilot and is armed with a built-in 30-mm GSh-30-1 cannon, guided air-to-air missiles, unguided missiles, and aerial bombs.
The maximum speed of the fighter is 2300 km / h, the service ceiling is 17000 meters, and the flight range is 3000 km.
Out of 26 production vehicles, 4 aircraft were lost in accidents.
Su-33s are part of the Admiral Kuznetsov cruiser.
MiG-29K
MiG-29K / KUB
Russian carrier-based multipurpose fighter of the fourth generation, which is a further development of the MiG-29 (according to NATO codification: Fulcrum-D).
Deck-based fighters are multi-functional all-weather 4 ++ generation aircraft. Their task includes anti-aircraft and anti-ship defense of the formation of ships, strikes against enemy ground targets.
The MiG-29K can be based on aircraft-carrying ships capable of receiving aircraft weighing over 20 tons, equipped with a take-off springboard and landing aerial finisher, as well as at ground airfields.
The aircraft are armed with RVV-AE and R-73E guided missiles for air combat, Kh-31A and Kh-35 anti-ship missiles, Kh-31P anti-radar missiles and KAB-500Kr corrected aerial bombs to engage ground and surface targets.
The maximum flight speed is 2300 km / h, the service ceiling is 17500 m, and the flight range is 2000 km.
It is planned that in the future, MiG-29K / KUB aircraft will form the basis of Russian carrier-based fighter aircraft.
The MiG-29K / KUB fighters were included in the shipborne air regiment serving on the cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, not instead of the existing Su-33 and Su-25UTG, but in addition to them and will be used in conjunction with them.
Attack and combat training aircraft
Su-24
All-weather front-line bomber. Designed to deliver missile and bomb strikes against ground and surface targets, including at low altitudes.
The prototype (T-6) made its first flight on July 2, 1967. Adopted by the USSR Air Force on February 4, 1975.
Serially built in 1971-1993 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur and Novosibirsk. In total, about 1400 aircraft were produced.
The maximum speed is 1400 km / h, the practical range is 2850 km, the service ceiling is 11 thousand meters. Crew - 2 people.
Armament - 23 mm cannon, at 8 suspension points the aircraft can carry air-to-surface and air-to-air missiles, unguided and corrected air bombs and shells, removable cannon installations. It can carry tactical nuclear bombs on board.
About 120 modified units are planned to be replaced with the Su-34 by 2020.
Fighter Su-25UTG
Su-25UTG
Training aircraft based on the Su-25UB combat training aircraft. It differs from it in the absence of sighting equipment, weapons control system blocks, a cannon installation with a cannon, beam holders and pylons, engine armored screens, a radio station for communication with ground forces, blocks and elements of the defense system.
The first flying prototype was created on the basis of the Su-25UB (T8-UTG1) in early 1988.
In 1989-1990, the first batch of 10 aircraft was produced.
In 1991-1995, the second and last batch of five Su-25UTGs was built.
The maximum speed is 1000 km / h, the practical range is 1850 km, the service ceiling is 7000 meters. Crew - 2 people.
It is in service with the 279th naval fighter aviation regiment of the Northern Fleet aviation, as well as the mixed wing of the 859th center for combat use and retraining of flight personnel in Yeisk.
Anti-submarine aircraft
Be-12
Be-12
Anti-submarine amphibious aircraft (NATO codification: Mail).
In October 1960, the aircraft made its first flight, and in 1963 it began to enter service with the Navy. Created at the Design Bureau named after G. M. Beriev.
The amphibious aircraft is equipped with a set of target equipment, which makes it possible to search for and combat enemy submarines.
The maximum speed is 550 km / h, the service ceiling is 12100 meters, the maximum flight range is 4000 km.
As of 2015, the naval aviation of the Russian Navy consists of 7 Be-12 aircraft.
IL-38N
IL-38
Anti-submarine aircraft developed at the Ilyushin Design Bureau on the basis of the passenger Il-18V (NATO codification: May).
The aircraft is designed for independent or joint search and destruction of submarines, sea reconnaissance, search and rescue operations and minefields with anti-submarine ships.
The first flight was performed on September 27, 1961. A total of 65 vehicles were built.
Crew - 7 people. The maximum speed is 650 km / h, the maximum flight range is 9500 km, the service ceiling is 8000 meters.
Armed with anti-submarine torpedoes, anti-submarine bombs and naval mines.
In 2015, the Ilyushin Aviation Complex completed the contract for the repair and modernization of five Il-38 aircraft to the Il-38N level.
Tu-142M
Tu-142
Russian long-range anti-submarine aircraft (NATO codification: Bear-F).
It is used for long-range ocean reconnaissance, visual or radio-technical, for duty in the search and rescue service system, and only then, for the search and tracking of nuclear submarines with ballistic missiles.
The first Tu-142 plant number 86 in Taganrog was produced in 1975. The last Tu-142M3 aircraft left the assembly shop in 1994.
In total, in 1968-1994, about 100 copies of the Tu-142 of various modifications were manufactured.
Crew - 9 people. The maximum speed is 855 km / h, the service ceiling is 13,500 meters.
Armed with explosive dropped sound sources, torpedoes, anti-submarine aircraft missiles, anti-submarine and practical bombs, and naval mines.
For defense, a small-gun feed unit with two AM-23 or GSh-23L cannons is used, as well as a set of radio countermeasures.
The Russian Navy is armed with one squadron in the Northern and Pacific fleets.
In 2013, it became known that a new anti-submarine aircraft was being developed in Russia to replace the Tu-142M3.
Transport aviation
An-12
Military transport aircraft developed at the OKB im. O. K. Antonova (according to NATO codification: Cub - "Yunets").
The first An-12 took off in Irkutsk on December 16, 1957. The aircraft has established itself as a very reliable device capable of operating in difficult climatic conditions and unpretentious in maintenance.
The aircraft was actively used for military purposes, in emergency situations, for the transfer of military equipment and personnel, as well as for passenger and cargo transportation, search and rescue of space objects, crews of manned spaceships and aircraft in distress.
The artillery armament of the aircraft consists of the PV-23U cannon armament, which includes a DB-65U aft turret with two 23-mm AM-23 cannons, an electrical turret remote control system and an aiming and computing unit.
In addition, it can carry on board up to 70 high-explosive fragmentation or incendiary bombs of 100 kg caliber.
The maximum flight speed is 660 km / h, the service ceiling is up to 10,000 m, and the flight range is up to 5530 km.
An-26
An-26
Military transport aircraft developed at the OKB im. OK Antonov (according to NATO codification: Curl - "Whirlwind", among the people - Humpbacked, Fantomas, Nastya, Nastenka).
It is a modification of the original An-24 model.
The crew of the aircraft is 6 people. It can carry 38 personnel or up to 30 paratroopers on board.
The maximum speed is 540 km / h, the flight range is up to 2660 km, the service ceiling is 7300 m.
It can also be equipped with bombs of up to 500 kg caliber.
Helicopters
Ka-27
Ka-27
Shipborne anti-submarine helicopter (NATO codification: Helix - "Spiral").
Designed to solve the problems of anti-submarine defense of the fleet based on ships of various classes, including aircraft-carrying ships.
The helicopter is capable of detecting modern underwater and surface targets, transmitting data about them to ship and coastal tracking points, as well as attacking them using onboard weapons.
On April 14, 1981 it was put into service.
To destroy submarines, AT-1MV anti-submarine torpedoes, APR-23 missiles and free-fall anti-submarine aerial bombs PLAB of caliber 50 and 250 kg can be suspended from the helicopter.
Crew - 3 people, maximum speed - 270 km / h, practical flight range - up to 900 km, service ceiling - 5000 m.
The promising naval aviation helicopter, which is being developed to replace the multipurpose Ka-27, received the code "Lamprey".
Helicopter Ka-52K (shipborne)
Ka-52K
The Ka-52 is a multipurpose attack helicopter, an upgrade of the Black Shark. Developed in Moscow by the design bureau of JSC "Kamov".
Designed to destroy enemy tanks, armored and unarmored military equipment, manpower and helicopters in any weather conditions and at any time of the day.
It can provide fire support for the landing, patrol and escort military convoys.
The first flight was made on June 25, 1997. Serially produced since 2008.
Ka-52 is a helicopter with a coaxial arrangement of three-blade propellers, two gas turbine engines, a straight wing, a developed vertical and horizontal tail and a tricycle landing gear retractable in flight.
Ka-52K is a ship-based helicopter.
The crew consists of two people. The maximum speed is 300 km / h, the practical range is 1,160 km, the service ceiling is 5,500 meters.
Equipped with a 30 mm cannon, guided and unguided rockets up to 2 thousand kg on 4 hardpoints.
According to Deputy Defense Minister Yuri Borisov, the Ka-52, which demonstrated its high combat qualities during the Syrian campaign, has serious modernization potential.
In 2015, Russia signed a contract with Egypt for the supply of 46 Ka-52 Alligator helicopters. They can also supply ship-borne Ka-52K "Katran" designed for helicopter carriers of the "Mistral" type.
