Previous articles in the series:
Defense industry of Israel. Part 1
Defense industry of Israel. Part 2
Defense industry of Israel. Part 3
Integrated soldier
The Elbit eyepiece is one of the main elements of the interface between a person and electronic devices of military personnel equipped with the Dominator or Dominator LD digital soldier systems.
After studying various soldier modernization programs and the requirements of the Israeli army, Elbit Systems developed the Dominator Integrated Soldier system, which applied dozens of know-how to make each soldier a node and sensor of a distributed system
The basis of the system is the Personal Digital Unit (PDU), which is a rugged tactical computer with built-in GPS, which runs the Integrated Infantry Combat System C2 application, as well as Tactical Intranet Geographic Dissemination in Realtime (Tiger); the latter provides relevant information at the right time and also optimizes messaging. The TORC2H combat control system, adapted for motorized / dismounted operations, can also be installed, which allows combat groups to be coordinated in order to carry out combat missions with optimal accuracy. TORC2H also provides commanders and crews with a simplified operating interface, increases situational awareness, and provides data communications.
4, 3-inch Raptor terminal of the Dominator LD system, connected to a soldier's radio station. Designed for dismounted soldiers, the system weighs only 1.3 kg
The system also includes other means of transferring information between a person and devices, for example, the Eyepiece eyepiece, which displays information on operational control, as well as video in real time; it can be attached to a helmet, vest, or be part of a fire control system (FCS) weapons. Various types of hand-held displays are also available. Since Elbit Systems itself does not deal with communication solutions, it offers systems from this area on behalf of its Tadiran division, for example, it is a personal network radio station PNR-1000A or PNR-500. In order to expand the scope, additional components can be integrated into the Dominator system, such as specialized information collection and operational control kits, target designation systems, unmanned aerial and ground vehicles. The Dominator system components are part of the Israeli army's integrated infantry system; it was also adopted by the Australian army, the Finnish army and several other armies in Latin America and Europe.
In 2012, Elbit Systems introduced a lightweight version of the previous system under the designation Dominator-LD (Light Dismounted), designed for special forces and dismounted soldiers. The main component is a Raptor computing device with a 4.3-inch screen and an interface like a cell phone, running on the Linux operating system. It has a version of the TORC2H-D battle control system for a dismounted soldier, and communication is provided by a Tadiran PNR-1000A radio station. The Raptor is docked, but can be easily removed from the docking station, for example for planning purposes. A manual JS Eyepiece display is available to provide in-depth information on the situation on the march. The entire system weighs less than 1.3 kg and is configurable at the customer's choice.
In the museum of the IWI company, you can see the first Uzi machine gun, significantly different from the current Uzi Pro (above), equipped with a Meprolight mirrored sight. The latest development of the Tavor assault rifle, designated the X95 (shown in the Flattop layout), can be quickly converted from a 5.56mm cartridge to a 9mm cartridge
The X95 assault rifle with a barrel chambered for 9 mm is equipped with a silencer. X95 available with standard and short barrels
The Negev is one of the few machine guns with a semi-automatic mode. The IWI machine gun has a very low recoil and is easy to handle
Weapon
Israel Weapon Industries (IWI), once part of Israel Military Industries, was privatized in 2005 and is now part of the SK Group, which also acquired Meprolight and Pulse Inteco System, bringing together weapons, sights, optoelectronic systems and night vision systems, which allows you to coordinate work without delay when developing new products from scratch.
Two historic projects that IWI is no doubt proud of are part of its portfolio, although the company has deeply modernized these two systems over time. These are Uzi and Galil machines. The new Uzi Pro 9x19mm makes extensive use of polymer components to reduce weight, while the new adjustable cheek rest stock significantly improves ergonomics when combined with a new front grip. The barrel is locked with a length of 152 mm by turning the bolt; a quick release muffler is also available.
The 56mm Galil is currently available in Assault Rifle, Short Assault Rifle and Micro Galil variants. The Galil Ultra Retrofit Kit is available for all three variants and includes an ergonomic receiver with Picatinny rails, a telescopic stock and an ergonomic pistol grip. Galil Sniper is a variant for 7.62 mm bullet, firing in a semi-automatic mode and having a modified ergonomic stock, pistol grip and bipod. The Galil movement, which is also the backbone of the ACE assault rifle family, is available in 5.56x45, 7.62x39 and 7.62x51mm cartridges.
The modernization of existing weapons is based on real-life experience gained by young officers, many of whom served in special forces, and now work for IWI and are called up from the reserve twice a year. This hands-on experience undoubtedly has a great impact on new projects as well, and in addition to ties with the Israeli army regarding its requirements, the company can draw on the know-how of its own personnel that is not divorced from life. In recent years, the Tavor bullpup assault rifle has become the workhorse of the Israeli army. A rifle with a chamber chambered for 5.56x45 mm can fire in automatic and semi-automatic modes. The basis of automation is the removal of powder gases from the bore through the gas outlet located under the barrel and hidden by the body. The barrel is locked by turning the bolt on 7 lugs. The rifle is available in two barrel lengths; 460 mm is used for the standard sniper version, while the compact version has a barrel length of 380 mm. The last variant, designated X95, is intended primarily for special forces. It is a lightweight weapon with a shortened 330 mm barrel, which in the elongated version has a length of 380 mm. This weapon can be quickly converted from 5.56mm to 9x19mm. The machine uses a gas-operated automation with a gas piston located above the barrel. In all variants, firing is conducted from a closed bolt, in single or bursts. Both the Tavor and X95 assault rifles are currently available in a "flattop" configuration, where the bore axis passes through the fulcrum (butt); this eliminates the "jump" of the weapon under the influence of the recoil force and increases the accuracy of fire, and also allows you to mount all types of night and day optics and additional accessories. The IWI catalog also contains a lightweight 5, 56 mm Negev machine gun, available as a standard version with a 460 mm barrel and in a special forces version with a 330 mm barrel. In the latest version of the NG7, caliber 7.62 mm, in order to speed up the replacement of the magazine, cartridges are fed from the side, not from the bottom. Like all weapons of the Negev family, the NG7 machine gun fires in a semi-automatic mode. With its Jerico series pistols, IWI also made a name for itself in the field of personal firearms.
A number of new projects are being implemented in the short and medium term. Among them, the 40-mm grenade launcher has passed the latest testing with low-velocity ammunition and should soon go into mass production. In addition, IWI currently has its own range of mufflers. As a consequence, all of these new projects require a new building that is about to be completed. The expanded staff of the company, which has doubled in recent years, will move to it, and in the future, the number of employees will grow by another 50%. IWI engineers have a number of projects in their heads and in computers, most of which are still classified, but one thing can be said a little in general terms. This is a bolt-action sniper rifle, which is being developed in close contact with the army. One of the main features will be a quick-change barrel and a rigid bipod. Meprolight is currently starting work on an aiming system for this rifle, which will combine a telescopic sight and a mountable thermal imaging sight.
In the field of small arms, Israel Military Industries recently completed the development of the MPRS (MultiPurpose Rifle System) multipurpose rifle system, with an emphasis on the SLA, which improves the accuracy of fire with both a 40mm grenade and 5, 56mm bullets. The built-in computer with various ballistic tables "embedded" makes the system quite flexible, although the system's capabilities are fully realized when using 40-mm air blast ammunition from IMI. They feature a multi-mode fuse with an integrated self-destruct function, which operates in a delay, pinpoint detonation or air blast mode. The fuse is installed by magnetic induction; an induction coil is available in the grenade launcher and grenades. The communication protocol adopted for this LMS also allows it to be used on any weapon capable of firing various types of air blast grenades. LMS weighs about 700 grams; the first such system was delivered to the Israeli army for evaluation at the end of 2012.
Israel Military Industries has developed a weapon system that includes 40mm programmable grenades and a fire control system. It allows you to fire in various modes, including the air blast mode
The Meprolight M5 reflex sight is often fitted to IWI assault rifles, the two companies are now part of the same industrial group.
Day and night riflescopes
In Israel, several companies are engaged in the production of scopes, ranging from daytime scopes for close combat to sniper telescopic sights with image intensification and thermal imagers. Thus, it is simply impossible to describe the entire range of proposals of all these companies and, perhaps, the most correct thing in this case is to talk about the latest products and the most unusual systems.
The aforementioned Meprolight company belongs to the same group as the IWI company, its scopes are often offered along with Israeli-made small arms. The reflex sight Mepro M5, for which a major contract was received from one of the countries of Latin America, is a system with x1 magnification and, thanks to a large 33x22 mm window, a 160 ° field of view with both eyes open. The original version of the collimator sight provided 2 minutes of angle (corresponding to approximately 2.7 cm per 100 meters) and had four brightness settings. The latest version of the M5 sight has two red dots, an accuracy of 0.8 minutes of angle in long-range shooting and 1.8 minutes of an angle in close combat. The M5 is compatible with Gen II and Gen III night vision devices and magnifying optics such as the MX3 scope from the same company. With a built-in Picatinny rail and no batteries, the M5 scope weighs less than 300 grams; one AA battery provides 8000 hours of continuous use. The Mepro 4X fixed 4x scope has an 8 ° field of view, which is wider than most of its direct competitors; five levels of backlighting are also available. At the request of the customer, Meprolight can develop new crosshairs for different ammunition and ranges. The sight, weighing 320 grams, with one CR2023 battery, guaranteeing over 250 hours of operation, is completely ready and several orders have already been received for it.
The Mepro 4X can be coupled with the NOA XT4 Thermal Sight, which features the same technology as the NOA Nyx family; powered by four AA or CR123 batteries or just two CR123 batteries. Its configuration has been approved and production will begin soon, as contracts for the supply to Asia and Latin America have already been signed. The well-known uncooled thermal imaging scopes of the NOA NYX family have received another sibling - the NOA NYX 3x model, designed for skilled shooters. This scope with 2.7 magnification optics can withstand the recoil of rifles in calibers 5, 56, 7, 62 and.338; in addition, an optional damper is available for mounting on a 12.7mm rifle and plus a new normal engagement device. There is a digital zoom of x2 - x4, while the crosshairs have been modified to focus on long range and various ammunition such as 5.56x45, 7.62x39, 7.62x51 and.338 cartridges. Remote control of the sight is available. With a set of four AA batteries providing up to 8 hours of continuous use, the device weighs less than a kilogram. The Picatinny rail at the top allows you to mount a holographic sight for close combat. This scope complements the Meprolight family of thermal imaging scopes with 2x, 3x and 7x magnifications for a variety of operational and tactical needs. For snipers, Meprolight has developed a MESLAS 10x40 riflescope with a built-in 1.54-micron laser rangefinder with a range of 2000 meters. The range data is fed to the ballistic computer, which automatically calculates the elevation angle. The computer has up to 10 different ballistic tables for ammunition 7, 62 mm,.338 LM, 12, 7 mm and possibly.300 WM. Meprolight has started production of MESLAS riflescopes, for which a couple of orders have already been received. The Meprolight catalog includes several other scopes, such as the Mepro MOR reflex sight with laser pointer, the Mepro 21 illuminated day and night scope, and the Hunter and Mini Hunter night vision scopes.
The Star Defense Systems group includes two scopes companies. The first MSE (Marksmanship, Sniper, Excellence - marksmanship, sniper, superiority) produces optoelectronic day sights, and the second New Noga Light produces optoelectronic day and night sights. MSE is led by Maki Hartman, the founder and commander of the Israeli army's sniper school for the past two decades, the man who wrote the doctrine of the Israeli military's shooting art. His experience is at the heart of designing scopes that are most user-centric. The development of the scopes available today began relatively recently, in 2011, and therefore the entire portfolio of the company can be considered completely new.
The OR Night Sight is an inexpensive solution from MSE that uses a brightened camera. It is installed in front of the main sight
Meprolight has developed the NOA NYX series of uncooled thermal imaging scopes, which are adapted for both infantry and sniper riflemen.
The ACQ1 sight (above) was developed by MSE, a company founded by a former commander of the Israeli army's sniper and rifle training school. Scopes from MSE, such as the ACQ2, have a significantly larger window, allowing for an almost unlimited field of view with both eyes open
The AQC-1 (Accurate Quick "Chot") family of scopes follows Hartman's idea that a narrow field of view forces the shooter to close one eye, which impairs situational awareness. Thus, a sight was developed with a 25x34 mm window, allowing an almost unlimited field of view with two eyes open. This scope with x1 magnification has three selectable crosshairs: fast shooting, accurate shooting (1.7 minutes of angle) and red dot. Three buttons on the back side allow you to turn on and off the sight, select the reticle and brightness (four for day and four for night), a PTT connected to the sight with a cable allows you to work with the sight without removing your hands from the weapon. In order to extend the battery life, the device goes into sleep mode, but the built-in motion sensor automatically turns the sight into working mode. If the CR123 battery needs to be replaced, the low battery indicator will give a warning. The AQC-1 scopes are available in three different models: B and C and the AQC-1W with a large 30x35mm window and weighs from 297 to 375 grams. The AQC-2 family is a development of the AQC-1W model, but has a built-in laser designator. The AQC-2 sight has a built-in infrared laser with a wavelength of 850 nm and a range of 200 m at night, the AQC-2C model has a built-in visible laser with a wavelength of 639 nm and a range of 25 meters during the day and 300 meters at night, and finally, in the AQC model. -2D built-in visible and infrared lasers.
Meprolight's Meslas sight includes a computer and a laser rangefinder, thereby providing the shooter with data for shooting.
New Noga Light's new catalog includes two uncooled thermal imaging scopes known as the Matisse M75 (pictured) and Matisse SD, designed for experienced shooters and snipers, respectively.
MSE has also developed an inexpensive optional OR-Sight system with x1.5 magnification based on the ultra-sensitive camera, which includes an interchangeable module with a laser with a wavelength of either 830 nm or 980 nm. When mounted in front of the AQC-1, the device uses the crosshair, alignment and ballistic tables of the main sight; it can also be used as a stand-alone observation device, while the range when using an illuminator with an infrared laser is 200 meters in absolute darkness. The device is powered by two 3.7-volt batteries (with batteries the weight is 540 grams), providing an operating time of up to 8 hours. MSE products have been extensively tested by the Israeli army and have had some success in the United States.
The already mentioned company New Noga Light from the Star Defense Systems group specializes in night sights, both thermal imaging and image intensification. The Matisse series consists of two uncooled thermal imaging sights: the 1.1 kg Matisse M75 with x3.6 magnification for skilled shooters and the 1.8 kg Matisse SD with a dual field of view and x1.7-x5 magnification for snipers. Both instruments have x2-x12 continuous or discrete digital zoom and are powered by six 3V CR123 batteries or rechargeable battery. In addition to thermal imaging sights, the company produces a series of Li-Or enhanced sights for long range shooting. This family includes three models M4F, M4FS and M7F, the number indicates an increase. The M4 is for skilled shooters, the FS submersible is for naval special forces, while the M7 is for snipers. Li-Or scopes can be fitted with Gen II or Gen III tubes and are powered by a single AA battery. Remote control cable with push-to-talk allows you to operate the scope with your hands on the rifle. Open crosshairs or mil-dot reticle are available in five brightness settings. The sights weigh respectively 1, 1, 1, 2 and 1, 8 kg.
New Noga Light is closely monitoring the development of thermal / brightness fusion technologies and may step up in this area, but only when real digital fusion becomes available, although cost will play a decisive role in future decisions.
The largest manufacturer of optoelectronic systems outside the United States, Elbit, is mainly focused on long-range optocoupler systems, and its Elop division deals with such devices. However, with the acquisition of ITL, Elbit Systems has added day and night riflescopes to its portfolio, expanding the range of products in this area. The Elbit ITL catalog includes the Mars (Multi Aiming Reflex Sight) family, which is based on an optical sight with x1 magnification and different types of crosshairs, with which a laser designator is integrated. The latter can be infrared or visible red, although they can be combined in the same scope. Mars has an automatic brightness control function that adjusts the brightness of the crosshairs to the ambient light. The sight lines and the laser line are aligned with one adjustment function. The Mars sight is also controlled from an external tangent connected by a cable to the scope itself. The combination with the Trisight block allows for x3 magnification, but the Trisight can also work as a stand-alone sight. The Elbit-ITL range of instruments also includes the Coyote family of uncooled thermal imaging sights, designed for a wide variety of users, from special forces to snipers and machine gunners. The smallest model Coyote 20 mm can be mounted on a weapon via a Picatinny adapter, the same solution is used for the Coyote 45/75 mm and Coyote 100 Sniper. The Coyote 100 HMG variant is designed for medium caliber machine guns and cannons and is the only such system designed specifically for marine use. It was tested in combat conditions on a variety of weapons, from 40-mm cannons to 7, 62-mm machine guns.
Coyote 45/75 mm sight
Elop's portfolio includes a variety of surveillance systems. The Lily family, specially designed for aiming, consists of three models: short range S (short range), medium M (medium) and long range L (long). The S and M models weigh less than a kilogram including batteries that provide 8 hours of use. They are both based on the 3rd generation microbolometer developed by Elop. Mountable cooled thermal imaging device Lily-L operates in the range of 3-5 microns, has two fields of view of 2.5 ° and 10 ° and a mass of 3.1 kg, in addition, there is a tangent for remote control. The sight allows you to identify a person at a distance of 5 km and recognize at 2 km.
The Elbit Elop catalog includes the Lily family of uncooled thermal imaging devices, consisting of three options: short range S (short range), medium M (medium) and long range L (long)
Personal protection
Due to the challenging security environment, the Israeli military and security forces are in need of body protection systems. As a consequence, this has led to the creation of a strong industrial base in this particular area. Many companies in Israel produce personal protection systems that are also successful in other countries.
Israel Military Industries has a huge portfolio of personal protective equipment for the military, police and security forces. For the defense market, ASA03 plates are designed to provide solutions with Level III protection of the NIJ standard (American National Institute of Justice, develops standards in the field of security); these 250x300 mm plates can be used as an addition to body armor (then the weight is 1.35 kg) or as a stand-alone solution (the weight increases to 1.5 kg). The ASA75 is a rugged counter-terrorism plate providing Level III + protection with multi-impact performance. This plate with an area of 0.12 m2 and a mass of about 3.5 kg is capable of stopping 7.62x39 armor-piercing bullets and NATO standard bullets of 5, 56 and 7, 62 mm caliber. The ASA44A plate has the same dimensions as the ASA03 plate, but provides Level IV protection, weighs 3.1 kg in the case of an additional solution and 3.3 kg as a stand-alone solution.
Rafael is active in the production of boron carbide bulletproof components used for platform protection as well as body armor. The company has patented a pressureless sintering technology that guarantees lower cost compared to hot forging, while providing high performance, reduced weight and geometric flexibility. Most personal protective systems are manufactured in complex shapes and reach the NIJ Level IV protection level. With a polyethylene backing, Rafael plates provide protection against SS109 bullet 5.56x45 mm at 24 kg / m2, armor-piercing bullet 7.62x39 at 28 kg / m2 and 30-06 APM2 bullet at 33 kg / m2.
Plasan Sasa, a specialist in body armor, has developed a line of products specifically designed for the military and security forces. She supplies body armor and ballistic kits. The company has 30 years of experience in this field and continuously develops new solutions based on modern materials available on the market, such as aramid fibers, high density polyethylene, ceramic plates and tiles made from various materials, such as alumina, glass ceramics, silicon carbide and boron carbide. The protection of her body armor reaches NIJ Level III, IV and IV +. Among its protection systems is, for example, the personal tactical ballistic protection system ATLAS (Advanced Tactical Load-carriage Armor System), which provides a coverage area of 0.56 m2 with a mass of 2.65 kg and can be equipped with a number of optional protection systems, for example, the lighter MPAC solution (Modular Protection Armor Carrier - modular protection kit) weighing less than 1.2 kg.
Another player in the field, Magam Safety (part of Star Defense Systems or SDS Group), currently offers its modular safety vest with MS-OTV inserts, providing Level IIIA, III, IV protection according to customer requirements. The company has signed a collaboration agreement with DSM Dyneema and is currently focusing on next-generation wearable protection, developing new technologies and a new matrix for Dyneema. Magam Safety is also working with partners to develop new technologies to create durable ballistic materials. It recently introduced a Level III bulletproof vest to the market to withstand a mild steel bullet fired from an AK-47 assault rifle; the surface density is 15 kg / m2 with the prospect of reaching 12 kg / m2. We also developed a helmet body weighing 700 grams with a V50 ballistic barrier limit of 800 m / s (bullet velocity at which half of the bullets stop, half penetrates the obstacle), capable of withstanding fragments weighing 1.1 grams. While the company has focused on new solutions with Level III protection, it has already started cooperation with a German partner for a Level IV system.
Rafael has developed sintering technology to produce cheaper and more efficient ballistic ceramic components
Magam Safety (part of the SDS Group) collaborates with DSM Dyneema on new next-generation body armor technologies
Sensors for all occasions
Serafim Optronics, formed from the technical division of the Israeli army's intelligence service, is active in the field of continuous covert surveillance systems. Its automatic mini-imaging system Mugi (Mini Unattended Ground Imager) was sold in large quantities to the Israeli army, as well as to North American and European customers. The Mugi system consists of a thermal imager and a CCD camera (visible and near infrared, with magnification) mounted on a platform that allows rotation in the ± 39 ° sector and tilt in the ± 10 ° sector without any noticeable signs of movement or reflections of the optics, which would give out the location of the system. It allows you to recognize a moving person at a distance of 3500 meters during the day and 1600 meters at night. The sensor unit is 367 mm high, has a diameter of 197 mm and weighs 5.5 kg. The operating time depends on the power supply system; the BPU-10 rechargeable battery increases the weight to 19 kg, but provides 9-12 days of operation, while the non-rechargeable BPU-60 battery increases the total weight to 36 kg, but provides 50-80 days of battery life. As a rule, the Mugi system is buried in the ground and only a small periscope head with sensors looks out at 110 mm, which makes it almost invisible; the system was specially designed so that it could be disguised. Built-in Wi-Fi wireless communication with data encryption allows you to send images, full-frame video or single frames at a distance of up to 20 km. All information is received by the operator's console, which comes in three versions: a mobile in a hardened case weighing 13 kg, a hardened tablet weighing 5 kg and a hardened manual version weighing 3 kg. The radio channel, satellite channel and 3G mobile communication channel can also be used. The Mugi system can be easily integrated into a network of unattended ground sensors. It is equipped with a motion detection function that automatically alerts the operator and wakes up the Mugi, which regularly goes into a low power mode. The monitoring and control software allows you to connect up to 32 systems and operate 4 systems at the same time; the operator console displays the battery charge and communication status of each system.
Unattended Gap Filler (UGF) Rafael consists of Seraphim Optronics' Mugi automatic ground imaging unit and an integrated surveillance radar ELM 2112 (V1) from IAI Elta
The integration of the Mugi system with the ELM 2112 (V1) IAI Elta surveillance radar makes it possible to obtain an unattended UGF (Unattended Gap Filler) system, currently designated Rafael. Low-power (12 watts) C-band radar weighs only 6 kg; it detects a moving person or a rubber boat at 1000 meters and a car at 2000 meters with an accuracy of less than 10 meters in range and an accuracy of less than 2 ° in azimuth. The radar covers the 90 ° sector, four such systems provide respectively 360 ° circular coverage, which allows you to protect any object, for example a military base. While the Mugi system is intended for field deployment, the Chameleon system, also from Seraphim Optronics, is intended for urban reconnaissance. The system is capable of recognizing a person at a distance of 2 km and identifying at 120 meters. It is equipped with a CCD camera (visible and near-infrared spectrum) or an uncooled thermal imager with horizontal viewing sectors ± 25 ° and vertical ± 5 °; during operation, the system has no signs of visible movement and does not reflect light. Like the Mugi, the Chameleon system is also offered in a low power radar configuration. The Seraphim portfolio also includes a multi-functional SRU (Smart Relay Unit) video distributor with a ruggedized manual control console.
Camero, a part of the SK group, specializes in so-called wall vision systems or wall visors. The Xaver family of wall scanners currently includes three instruments operating in the 3-10 GHz range. The Xaver 800 weighing 14.5 kg is primarily intended for special forces. This 3D device allows you to determine not only the presence of life in the room, but also the number of people and their location, track the movement of the target, determine its height, the geometry of the room, including the size and basic infrastructural elements. The simpler Xaver 400 weighing 3.2 kg displays a two-dimensional image; its main battery, together with the secondary ones, provides a total of seven hours of operation. Stenovisor displays the location of the target in the X-Y grid, showing the field of view and the maximum distance, the latter is selected using the button on the left side; the button on the right allows you to select the tracking, expert and deep penetration modes.
Camero systems can operate both leaning against a wall and away from it with a corresponding decrease in the detection distance. Raw data and standard 2D mode allow the operator to fully exploit the capabilities of the Xaver 400 wall imager
The lightweight handheld wall visor Xaver 100, developed by the Israeli company Camero, allows you to detect the presence of a person in a room and measure the distance from the wall to him. For the trained operator, the raw signals displayed on the screen can provide more information than the standard mode used by most users.
The Xaver 100 weighs 660 grams with four CR123A lithium batteries providing 3.5 hours of runtime. The device has one emitting and one receiving antenna, the data from which is displayed on a small screen in the form of a one-dimensional picture showing the presence of living objects and the distance to the nearest target. The detection distances are the same as those of the larger family members, 4, 8 or 20 meters. In most of the advertising photographs, the Xaver device is shown leaning against the wall, but in fact this is not necessary, at a distance from the wall the device allows you to see through it, but at the same time, the detection distance, of course, is reduced by this distance. It is important to note that the Xaver must be held still in order to avoid injected errors. The antenna provides a 120 ° field of view in azimuth and elevation. The Xaver 100 really doesn't require any training; all you have to do is orient the device and turn it on, the target and sensor icons and the distance between them are displayed on the screen. It is an intuitive human-machine interface, the whole system is user-friendly and even a beginner only needs a few seconds to turn on the device and determine the distance to the target. However, the second operating mode allows you to see raw signals, which can provide more information to the experienced operator than the “designed for the soldier” mode.
Camero offers customers a two-day course on the Xaver 400 that includes classroom use, but most of the training is done in real-world conditions so that field users can take full advantage of the camera's capabilities. In contrast, the Xaver 100 requires no training due to its simple and accessible interface.
Seraphim Optronics' Chameleon 2 optocoupler surveillance system has been designed for urban operations and can be integrated with other systems such as radar
