So, let's continue our "sorrowful work".
In the first part of the article "Alien technogen", it was concluded that man-made signs in the events at the Dyatlov pass indicate the killing of nine tourists with a "weapon of an unknown type", the striking element of which was a high-speed arrow-shaped small-diameter bullet.
By the sum of the facts, it turned out that the speed of that bullet was at least 3000m / sec. Such a speed is not available to modern technologies of mankind, therefore it was concluded that an Alien technogen was used at the Dyatlov pass.
The first to come to a similar conclusion was investigator Ivanov, who was investigating the case in 1959. Who else but him, who knew much more than is reflected in the official materials of the investigation, can be trusted. He publicly stated his version in the article "The Mystery of Fireballs" after he became the prosecutor of the Kustanai region when he was still in the USSR.
In this article, he explicitly stated that the cause of death of the tourists was the use of unknown weapons. People who have achieved such positions are very stingy with sensational statements, so let's treat his words with respect.
What happened at the Dyatlov Pass is not an isolated incident; it is reliably known about at least one more similar incident in the mountains of Buryatia.
You can read it here:
Everything was exactly the same there, the tourists (7 people) first jumped out of the tent in a half-naked form, ran down the slope in panic, and when they tried to return to the tent they died, it is officially believed that they died from hypothermia (we will translate from forensic to normal, Russian, - without discernible external and internal damage).
Only one participant in the events survived, who didn’t return to the tent, but hid in the taiga, only he didn’t really tell anything later, and now it’s unlikely that he can be found and questioned with passion….
So events with signs of the presence of an Alien technogen occur from time to time, not en masse, of course, but this article is not an excursion into history, but an attempt to look into the future.
But closer to the topic, although the technogenic is most likely Alien, this does not mean that it is fantastic. Any technogen must rely on the laws of physics and we can quite figure out how it was implemented and what effects accompanied its application.
The physical effects of high-speed bullets flying near a person (warning shots) and the traumatic effect of hitting the body of such a bullet are very unusual and have no direct analogs in our everyday world.
Even specialists in the field of small arms do not imagine these effects, they have never encountered such a weapon in practice, so they will have to describe them purely theoretically, calculating what is called "on the tip of the pen."
The second part of the article is devoted to this.
Hypothetical Bullet - Velocity Refinement
First, about the fundamental point in the hypothesis of the murder of tourists by an "unidentified type of small arms", namely, the speed of a bullet. In the first part of the article, it was said that in order to inflict those injuries that were found on the bodies of tourists (for example, 10 ribs were broken), a miniature bullet weighing about a gram requires a speed of at least 3000 m / sec.
But the facts point to an even higher speed of bullets, here is the most paradoxical of them.
The leader of the group, Igor Dyatlov, died only 400 meters from the location of the rest of the tourists, in the line of sight, but the remaining tourists did not notice this, and for at least two more hours they waited for their leader to return. They approached him only when it was a little dawn and the body became visually distinguishable in the snow.
For ordinary supersonic bullets, this is simply unrealistic, they are very "noisy", the sound of their flight can be heard from a kilometer or two, it cannot be confused with anything. Tourists would immediately recognize this sound, especially since the group included a front-line soldier who had gone through the whole war.
It seems like a cross on the hypothesis of death from the use of small arms, but do not rush to conclusions. The intensity of the sound of a bullet passing, of course, only increases with an increase in speed, but for the human ear there is one fundamental limitation.
If the duration of the sound is less than 1/20 of a second, then the human ear cannot distinguish such a short sound, no matter how strong and frequency it is. The same applies to visual perception, this is the psychophysics of our nervous system, it does not know how to respond to short impulses.
It is because of this psychophysical feature that we have the opportunity to watch movies and TV, where frames (static images) change 24 times per second, but they appear to us as a continuous image, and not a "slideshow".
Accordingly, if we assume that they were shooting from the top of height 1079, where the tourists were heading, moving up the slope, then this is a distance of about two kilometers.
During the flight of a two-kilometer distance, the sound of a bullet will not be recognized by the human ear, only if its speed is at least 30-40 km / sec. This is a lot, nothing is known about such a weapon yet, but this does not mean that it does not exist.
It is this gigantic speed of bullets that explains all the oddities discovered by the search engines in the place of events
Necessary condition
And so, suppose we have a certain "device" that can accelerate objects weighing about a gram to speeds of about 30 km / s. We will not discuss how it is arranged here, but this is a really achievable speed even for modern technologies, though not small ones, but space ones.
More important for us is the bullet itself that he disperses, because it was she who left traces on the ground and killed people.
The first question that arises is whether such a high-speed bullet can fly in the atmosphere a distance sufficient for practical use in weapons, this is at least a kilometer. At such a speed, from friction against the air, an ordinary bullet will heat up and burn without flying even hundreds of meters.
Aerodynamically, it is possible to reduce the coefficient of friction by giving a high-speed object the shape of a needle, similar to the shape of small-diameter arrow-shaped bullets, in this case the friction against the air will drop sharply, since the friction force is proportional to the square of the bullet diameter. For example, when reducing the bullet diameter by half, the friction force will decrease by four times.
For a needle weighing one gram of depleted uranium (four times heavier than steel) and a diameter of one millimeter, the length will be about 50 millimeters, an aspect ratio of 1:50 is similar to the arrows of armor-piercing sub-caliber projectiles. Only without feathers, it is not effective at such speeds, you need to stabilize such a bullet by rotating, as in a rifled weapon.
The aerodynamic method can significantly reduce friction, but in general this is not enough, a more effective method is needed.
The revolutionary method of reducing the friction of a bullet on the air was used by Shiryaev in his arrow-shaped large-caliber bullet; currently, the Ascoria rifle is equipped with cartridges with these bullets.
He used a pyrophoric substance to generate a plasma cloud around a moving arrow. In fact, the plasma cloud played the role of a cavitation cavity created by the cavitator of the Shkval rocket-torpedo. In both cases, the principle and physical effects of movement are completely analogous. The effectiveness of the method has been confirmed in practice, at least by the very fact of the existence of the Shkval rocket-torpedo and Shiryaev's arrow-shaped bullets.
Let me explain what a plasma is, this is a region of space where molecules are divided into ions and electrons, ripped from the outer orbits of the atom. Low-temperature and highly ionized plasma is practically a vacuum cavity where charged particles move chaotically at speeds of hundreds of kilometers per second. For example, the speed of movement of molecules in air under normal conditions is only about 300-400 meters per second.
An example of such a plasma is ball lightning, here it is in the video:
The phenomenon is rare, in fact, this is the only reliable public video where ball lightning was filmed up close.
So that the plasma cavity in the atmosphere is a complete physical analogue of the cavitation cavity in water, it remains to understand how to place the pyrophoric substance in such a small object as a needle of millimeter diameter.
But here everything is simple, it is enough to use depleted uranium as the needle material, as in armor-piercing shells. The fact is that uranium is very pyrophoric, and it starts burning in an oxygen atmosphere already at 150 degrees. The energy of combustion of uranium is tens of times greater than the energy of combustion of gunpowder and detonation of TNT.
The effect of burning uranium in oxygen is already being used in armor-piercing shells, but so far not to increase the firing range, but to increase the damaging effect. Due to the low speed of the projectile, when moving in the atmosphere, it cannot warm up to the combustion temperature, this temperature occurs only at the moment of breakdown of the armor, and then, after breaking through the armor and heating up, it completely burns out the entire armored space. How this happens can be seen in the video:
Now more about what was captured on the video, this is very unusual …
The tank was pierced by a uranium shell at the time of the first "flash" on the turret armor, which ignited the "ablative" fragments of the uranium core outside the tank. The hole from the breakdown of the uranium core of the armor is very small, and has characteristic features, it looks like this on the cut:
The hole is more reminiscent of the "burn-through" of the cumulative jet, the only difference is the profile of the inlet channel on the left, there is a clear "puncture" characteristic of armor-piercing cores, behind which the combustion zone begins, more reminiscent of the channel pierced by the cumulative jet.
A shot from an LNG (mounted anti-tank grenade launcher) captured on the video accelerates an armor-piercing core weighing about a kilogram to a speed of no more than 900 m / s.
Cores made of steel or tungsten LNG drives into the armor like "nails", to cause serious damage to the tank requires getting into the zone of vital tank components. In our case, the shell hit the top of the tower, the tank can receive dozens of such "punctures" and remain in combat condition.
Uranium cores "work" very differently.
Through a hole in the armor of the tank, about a kilogram of uranium crumbled into dust and ignited is "injected", burning occurs at a temperature of 2500 degrees.
The first torch in the video is the burning of fragments of the uranium core inside the tank, the second torch from the ignition (without detonation) of shots of the standard ammunition stowage.
So compare the power of the torches from burning only a kilogram of uranium and at least 100 kilograms of gunpowder …
If the uranium needle moves in the atmosphere at a speed of about 30 km / s, the needle will heat up to the uranium burning temperature after flying no more than ten meters and will start burning to create a plasma shelter that sharply reduces the resistance to the movement of such a bullet.
Uranium has another useful property, a high degree of ablation, in other words, it is the self-sharpening effect associated with low thermal conductivity. Because of this effect, the tip of the needle will not be what is called "dull" when moving, and the combustion itself will occur only at the very tip of the needle.
Summarize:
First, for uranium needles of small diameter, the flight speed in the atmosphere of the order of 30 km / s is not a fantasy, and since they are physically quite real, let's call them for brevity in what follows "Hypersonic Bullets".
Secondly, if we turn to the topic of the Dyatlov Pass, then the radioactive spots found on the clothes of tourists could well have remained from being hit by such uranium needles.
Sufficient condition
Radioactive spots are an indirect and very unreliable sign of a technogen in the events at the Dyatlov Pass, you should be guided by it, you shouldn't respect yourself.
Hypersonic bullets have what is called a "proprietary label" for their use.
We are talking about the effect of dumping the body towards the shot.
For any person, the statement that when a bullet hits the body, the body will collapse towards the shot, and will not be thrown back, seems absurd. Everyone is accustomed to equating the hit of bullets with the knockback effect, it is obvious to the layman, at least from action films.
Even professionals, due to established stereotypes, cannot imagine this. The maximum they know is that when ordinary high-speed rifle bullets hit the body, the victim's body is not thrown back, but as they say - "falls as if knocked down" on the spot.
This effect is due to the fact that at high speeds and small diameters of the bullet, a very insignificant part of its kinetic energy (no more than 1/10) is transferred to the victim's body, this energy is simply not enough to throw the body away.
Nevertheless, the effect of the body falling towards a hypersonic bullet is pure physics, there is no mysticism here. Look at the picture of a ball flying at a speed of 3 km / s, its diameter is 5 millimeters.
We are interested in the zones of vacuum and vacuum cavities that remain in the air after the balloon has passed. The maximum width of this zone will be approximately equal to the diameter of the flying object multiplied by the ratio of the speed of the object to the speed of sound.
For the case of a 1 mm diameter needle flying at a speed of 30 km / s (the speed of sound is also rounded up to 300 m / s for even counting), the diameter of such a vacuum zone will be at least 10 cm, there will be a practical vacuum.
The length of such a vacuum channel will be equal to half the diameter of the vacuum zone multiplied by the ratio of the object's velocity to the speed of sound and will be at least 5 meters.
When a hypersonic bullet hits, in addition to a direct traumatic effect, a vacuum channel with a diameter of at least 10 cm and a length of at least 5 meters will rest against the body. In fact, this is equivalent to a push (impulse of force) with a force of about 50-70 kg towards the movement of a bullet with a duration of 5/300 = 1/60 sec.
In terms of the impulse of force, this is approximately equivalent to hitting the body with a sledgehammer, only not directly, but through a board …
In such conditions, the collapse of the body towards the direction of movement of the hypersonic bullet is inevitable.
This is an exclusively theoretical conclusion based on elementary laws of physics, in practice everything is much more complicated, but the effect of collapse towards the shot and its approximate force of at least 50 kg for the specified parameters of a hypersonic bullet is a fact.
I hope after this explanation "on the fingers" the physics of the process becomes clear, there is nothing mystical about this seemingly paradoxical effect.
If we return to the topic of the pass, then three bodies found in the stream bed have clear signs of collapse to meet the traumatic effect. Three more bodies that died in the movement to the top of height 1079 were also found stretched as much as possible towards the top, from where the shooting was going on. But there are no obvious injuries to the bodies. Apparently, the bullets did not touch the bones, all injuries were described in the abdomen and lower back.
Shockwave of hypersonic bullets
It is known from physics that any object moving in the atmosphere with a speed greater than the speed of sound always creates a shock wave, so a hypersonic bullet must also create such a shock wave.
There were no obvious facts of the presence of a shock wave on the ground, otherwise it would have been known about it. There are only indirect facts, one of them is clearly mentioned in the materials of the UD in the interrogation of the expert Vozrozhdenny, here is his testimony:
In addition, the shock wave is indicated by the fact that three wrist mechanical watches of tourists stopped in an interval of less than half an hour (according to the indications on the dial), this is a clear sign of shock.
Shock wave, shock wave, strife, they are different. We simply associate their presence at the everyday, everyday level with an explosion, but this is not the only source of shock waves.
The shock wave from supersonic motion is known by the term "supersonic aircraft transition". For the layman, this specific cotton does not carry any "catastrophic" associations due to ignorance, however, it is a powerful and destructive physical effect.
The military tried to use such shock waves in earnest to destroy large concentrations of enemy manpower. The United States carried out work on the creation of such weapons at the end of the 50s of the last century, and in the USSR the same principles of a shock wave to defeat enemy manpower were put into practice at the end of the 60s of the last century.
Here is a real prototype of such a weapon, a kind of "supersonic iron":
This is an experimental attack aircraft of the Myasishchev company M-25, the armament of which was supposed to be a supersonic shock wave.
Based on the decision of the Presidium of the NTS MAP dated July 17, 1969, work began on the creation of an aircraft capable of supersonic flight at low altitudes (up to 30-50 m). The energy of the shock wave reaching the ground, according to the calculations of the specialists of the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (ITAM) of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, was more than enough for guaranteed injury (concussion) of enemy troops.
So the air shock wave from the passage of a hypersonic bullet is not fiction, and there are traces of it in the photographs from the materials of the criminal case, here is one of them again:
A front-line artilleryman who participated in the investigation of this incident (Prosecutor Tempalov) identified them as craters from small-caliber shells. In addition to shells (they were never found, therefore, the version disappeared), a series of such breaks could well have been left by a shock wave of hypersonic bullets.
In the picture, the breaks are visually estimated at 20-30 centimeters in width, it must be borne in mind that they were made not in loose snow, but in firn, in caked snow, through which the search engines walked without falling.
So, judging by the images, the shock wave energy was very high, if such a hypersonic bullet flew in the vicinity of a person at a distance of a meter and a half, then a severe concussion is guaranteed to him, and this is loss of consciousness and death.
At long distances, there would be the effect of dizziness, loss of coordination and orientation, deafness, in short, the usual set of injuries in light contusions.
At the same time, the person would not even understand what had happened - he would not have heard the sound due to the short duration of the shock wave.
The effect of the shock wave from the "warning shots" at the moment when the tourists were in the tent could well have caused them to hastily escape from the tent in half-naked form.
Actually, only the impact of the shock wave from the warning shots with hypersonic bullets can explain this seemingly unreasonable "run" of half-naked tourists for one and a half kilometers into a shelter (ravine).
Well, and the last thing that remained not understood, strange external injuries were found on the bodies of tourists, they are certainly not fatal, but nevertheless it is impossible to explain their appearance by "natural" reasons (even "beatings").
There is only one explanation for them, during the events on the pass it was snowing …
Snowflakes caught in the area of the shock wave accelerated to speeds of the order of 1-2 km / sec and left characteristic strokes and "bruises" on the skin.
At last I will tell you…
The version of the death of the Dyatlov group from the use of hypersonic bullets, for all its apparent "madness", certainly has a right to exist. There are no facts for its final confirmation or refutation yet.
The truth, as always, is somewhere nearby.
But this is not important, the main question is already quite different.
The chain of reasoning led to the substantiation of the possibility of hypersonic flight in the atmosphere. And this is more important than the search for the truth in those distant and for the most part already uninteresting events on the snow-covered slope of height 1079.
It remains to understand how you can accelerate the bullet to speeds of at least 10-15 km / s. There is reason to believe that this is possible without the use of any fantastic technologies.
Modern technology may well make it possible to create such a weapon based on already known physical principles.
And the question now sounds like this - how to do it?
