100 years ago, on June 28, 1919, the Treaty of Versailles was signed, officially ending the First World War. The Versailles Treaty, predatory and humiliating in nature, could not establish a lasting peace in Europe. The Treaty formed the basis of the Versailles-Washington system, dominated by the United States, Great Britain, France and Japan. As a result, the "Dictate of Versailles" gave birth to a new world war.
Signatories to the Treaty of Versailles. J. Clemenceau, W. Wilson, D. Lloyd George
The Versailles Treaty consisted of 440 articles, united in 15 sections. It was signed by the leading victorious powers (France, England, USA, Italy and Japan) with their allies, on the one hand, and Germany, which lost the war, on the other. Russia was not invited to the Paris Peace Conference, where the terms of the treaty were worked out. China, which took part in the conference, did not sign the agreement. The United States later refused to ratify the Versailles Treaty, since it did not want to be bound by the terms of work in the League of Nations, whose charter was part of the Versailles agreement. In 1921, the Americans concluded their treaty with Germany, almost identical to the Versailles treaty, but without articles on the League of Nations and the responsibility of the Germans for unleashing a world war.
The Versailles Treaty recorded the fact of the military defeat of Germany and the redivision of the world in favor of the victorious powers. The German colonial empire was abolished, and the borders in Europe underwent a radical change. Germany and Russia have suffered the most from this. The Versailles system was created, which consolidated the new world order, dominated by England, the United States and France. Germany was charged with the responsibility for unleashing a world war and huge reparations. The German economy was placed in a dependent position. Its armed forces were reduced to a minimum.
Thus, the Treaty of Versailles was discriminatory and predatory in nature. He did not bring peace to Europe, creating conditions for a new big war. In Germany, he was perceived as "the greatest national humiliation." Versailles became the basis for the development of revanchist sentiments and the future victory of National Socialism in Germany. The Soviet Union refused to recognize the "Versailles diktat".
World War I - the war of the West against Russia
By 1914, the masters of the West decided that the time had come for a final solution to the "Russian question". Everything was prepared and even rehearsed - the war with Japan, when the Japanese were the "cannon fodder" of the West (Rehearsal of the World War), and the real warmongers were England, France and the United States.
Now the main striking force of the West, the killer of Russia, was chosen the German world - Germany and Austria-Hungary. With a tried and tested trick, by provocation in the Balkans, the masters of London, Paris and Washington pushed the Russians against the Germans. At the same time, a cunning combination was played out, when the real enemies of Russia - London and Paris, were allegedly allies of Petrograd. Russia was allegedly part of the Entente, an alliance of those who dragged the Russians into the war and set the main task in this war - the destruction of a noble and trusting "ally". Actually, Germany was also set up, secretly promising that England would not fight. The masters of England and the United States, the "financial international", eliminated a competitor within the Western world - the German world. Germany was also planned to defeat, plunder, subjugate the Anglo-Saxons. Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire (the core of the then Muslim world) suffered the same fate.
It was the tried and tested old strategy of “divide (play off) and conquer”. The hosts England and the United States pitted two strong competitors, and waited for the moment to weaken the strong and finish off the weak. Russia was supposed to be weak, as conceived by the owners of London, Paris and Washington. This happened later. Due to a number of fundamental internal contradictions, the Russian Empire fell. As planned. And the predatory Western "allies" immediately pounced on Russia, plundering and tearing it to pieces.
The global mafia has already celebrated its victory and shared the wealth of Russia. Britain introduced its troops with the aim of rejecting the Russian North, Central Asia and the Caucasus. The United States, with the help of Czechoslovak legionnaires, occupied the Far East and Siberia. Japan also claimed the Far East, Priamurye, Kamchatka, Sakhalin. On the Russian possessions in China - the CER. France was preparing a bridgehead in the South of Russia, in Sevastopol and Odessa. Everything was ready for total occupation and complete partition of Russia. Russian civilization, Russians were erased from history.
Suddenly, all the plans of the masters of the West were confused by the Russian communists - the Bolsheviks. Although in the ranks of the revolutionaries there was originally a "fifth column" - internationalist revolutionaries, Trotskyists-Sverdlovites, agents of the West, carrying out a mission to destroy Russia. However, among the Bolsheviks there were real patriots, statesmen who believe in the ideals of a "bright future." Joseph Stalin became their leader. The struggle between the patriotic wing and the anti-Russian, international wing began. This led to the fact that the Red partisans and the Red Army "asked" the Western interventionists to get out of Russia. The revival of Russian civilization and Russian statehood in the image of the USSR begins.
Versailles system
The Versailles-Washington system was built on the wreckage of the German world (Germany and Austria-Hungary) and Russia. The new world order was supposed to lead to the hegemony of the masters of England, France and the United States (Japan and Italy remained on the "sidelines"). Therefore, the Paris Conference became a triumph of lies. To begin with, the victors deceived the defeated Germans. At the conclusion of an armistice, Berlin was demanded to return Alsace and Lorraine, hand over the fleet, disarm and demobilize the army, surrender the border fortresses, etc. It was understood that this would be the basis for a peace agreement. Germany disarmed, it was in a fever, the revolution began. We did the same with Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey.
And then in Paris, the losers were presented with more difficult, humiliating demands. Woe to the vanquished! The Germans were unhappy, but there was nowhere to go. Only the German sailors responded to the humiliation. The German fleet under the command of Admiral von Reuter was interned at the English base at Scapa Flow. Having learned about the conditions of peace, the Germans drowned their ships so that they would not fall to the enemy.
Germany was cut in favor of France, Denmark, Poland and Czechoslovakia. Danzig was declared a "free city", Memel (Klaipeda) was transferred under the control of the winners, later it was given to Lithuania. Saar came under the control of the League of Nations, coal mines were given to France. The German part of the left bank of the Rhine and a strip of the right bank 50 km wide was demilitarized, the left bank of the Rhine was occupied by the allied forces. The German colonial empire was taken away and divided among the victors: in Africa, the German colonies were transferred to England, France, Belgium, Portugal and the South African Union, in the Pacific Ocean - to Japan, Australia and New Zealand. Germany renounced all rights and privileges in China, its possessions passed to the Japanese.
The Germans were made responsible for unleashing the war and a huge contribution - 132 billion marks in gold. Germany obviously could not pay such an amount. Its economy was brought under the control of the winners. As a pledge, the French occupied part of the territory. The German market was opened to the goods of the winning countries. The Kiel Canal, Elbe, Oder, Neman and Danube have been declared free for navigation. River shipping was placed under the control of international commissions.
The military power of Germany was destroyed. Its army was reduced to 100 thousand people, it was forbidden to have a modern fleet, aviation, tanks, submarines. Compulsory military service was canceled. The General Staff and the military academy were disbanded and prohibited. Military production was radically cut, the production of weapons (according to a strictly controlled list) could only be carried out under the control of the winners. Most of the fortifications were to be disarmed and destroyed. Thus, Germany remained defenseless. Not only England and France were first-class military powers, but Poland and Czechoslovakia were now stronger than Germany.
It was announced that Kaiser's Germany was to blame for the war, and to prevent this from happening again, Western-style "democracy" was implanted. As a result, rampant corruption, predation began, the country was plundered by their own speculators and predators, foreigners - British, American - climbed in. The Versailles Treaty provided for an international trial of William II and war criminals. However, cases of atrocities in the occupied territories quickly died out. Wilhelm fled to the Netherlands, and the local government refused to extradite him. Ludendorff fled to Sweden, and when everything calmed down, he returned to his homeland, began to adhere to the right views, supported Hitler. He enjoyed great prestige, became a member of the Reichstag, developed the theory of "stabbing in the back" in Germany. Hindenburg gained such popularity in Germany that in 1925 he became president of Germany (later he was persuaded to transfer power to Hitler).
Inside the Entente, the "senior partners" cheated the younger ones. The younger allies did not have the right to vote; the great powers decided everything for them - England, France, the USA and Italy. At the same time, a three acted inside the big four. England, USA and France have limited the appetites of Italy and Japan. Italy, which was persuaded to fight on the side of the Entente and which literally washed in blood in this war, received only a small piece of the territory of Austria-Hungary, although it claimed more. Italy's past promises to an ally have been "forgotten". Japan, which was claiming dominance in Asia, began to squeeze in China, from the islands of the Pacific Ocean. A separate Washington conference was held on these issues. In China, a policy of "open doors" was proclaimed, which was beneficial to the more powerful economies of the West, while Japan was economically losing. And inside the troika there was a deuce, the Americans and the British were secretly digging under France. At the same time, the Americans and the British did not forget to intrigue against each other.
Serbia, which suffered enormous damage from the war and occupation, was richly rewarded. Belgrade was given Croatia, Slovenia, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbia was united with Montenegro. The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was created, then Yugoslavia. The dreams of the Serbian patriots have been realized. Romania was also rewarded for throwing from camp to camp. Bucharest was transferred to Hungarian Transylvania and Russian Bessarabia (Moldavia). The reason for this generosity was obvious: Yugoslavia and Romania became clients of France and Britain in the Balkans. For the same purpose, Poland and Czechoslovakia were rewarded, which created serious national, territorial and economic contradictions in the center of Europe.
The Ottoman Empire was dismembered. The Middle East was divided between the French and the British. The British established control over Iraq, the Arabian Peninsula, Palestine, Jordan. Also, Britain controlled Persia with its oil wealth. The French got Syria and Lebanon. The French strengthened in Constantinople, the European part of Turkey and the west of Asia Minor were allowed to be occupied by the Greeks. Part of the territory was transferred to Armenia. True, the Turks did not endure such humiliation for long. They rallied around Mustafa Kemal and started a war to revive the country. As a result, the French fled shamefully, the Armenians and Greeks were defeated. Turkey was able to restore some of its positions.
The Western powers also planned to dismember Russia. They started the intervention. However, the Bolsheviks won the Civil War, defeated the whites, nationalists and green gangs. As a result, the Western interventionists had to flee Russia. The patriotic wing headed by Stalin strengthened in the Communist Party, it suppressed the Western occupation, the plunder of the country and the transfer of its wealth in concession to foreigners. The revival of Russia began slowly, already in the image of the Soviet Union.
The United States did not take anything for itself. Washington planned to get much more - control over the planet. According to the projects of the Americans, a "world government" was formed - the League of Nations. America was to play the main role there. The United States has already achieved financial and economic superiority during the war, becoming a world creditor from a debtor. The leading powers of Europe - England, France and Germany - were now the Americans' debts. Now it was necessary to supplement economic dominance with political. For this, the idea was implanted in the world community that the backward regimes and the "insufficient democracy" of European countries were to blame for the war with all its horrors. The League of Nations had to tackle the establishment of "democracy" in order to prevent a major war in the future. It is clear that the Americans became the teachers and controllers of the "democracy".
However, it was not possible to establish an American order on the planet after the First World War. Soviet Russia interfered. And in America, the majority of the people did not understand this idea. Like, they fought, suffered losses, but all the benefits went to the British and French? As a result, the Senate did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles, and Wilson lost the election.
Thus, after the First World War, the United States was unable to become a "senior partner" among the Western powers. The main prize went to England, which captured the best German colonies and resource-rich territories of the Middle East. The British colonial empire has reached its maximum size. England and France began to run the League of Nations. The French temporarily became a leader in Europe, taking Poles, Romanians, Czechs and Serbs under their tutelage. Paris became the "world capital" for a short time.
The Versailles system laid the foundations for the future World War II. The West could not solve the "Russian question". Russia again began to strengthen, presented to the world a Soviet project for the future of humanity, an alternative to the Western one. The same forces conceived and prepared a new world war as the First World War - the masters of the West. Again, Germany was made a shock "battering ram" of the West against Russia. At the same time, Washington planned to complete the weakening of France and England, to become the leader of the Western world. Therefore, the Anglo-American banking houses began to feed the German Nazis and the Fuhrer with money, and to revive the German military might with loans.
Map source: bse.sci-lib.com
