The fast trenching machine BTM is designed for cutting trenches and communication passages in soils up to category III inclusive with a dump of excavated soil on both sides of the trench being torn off. A rotor is used as a working equipment …
Multi-bucket excavators (continuous)
Continuous excavators are earth-moving machines that mine and transport soil continuously. Moreover, both operations - digging and transporting soil - are performed simultaneously. In contrast to single-bucket excavators, continuous excavation of the soil provides a higher output, however, the main disadvantage of continuous machines is low versatility. Every earthmoving machine, be it chain or rotary trench excavators, dredge excavators, auger and twin-rotor ditch excavators, reclamation cross-digging bucket excavators, and even more so - large mining bucket excavators - all of them are designed to perform certain operations and cannot be used on others. works.
High-speed trenching machines BTM
The fast trenching machine BTM is designed for cutting trenches and communication passages in soils up to category III inclusive with a dump of excavated soil on both sides of the trench being torn off. A rotor with 8 buckets with a capacity of 160 liters was used as working equipment.
Maximum productivity of the machine with a trench width of 1.1 m at the top, 0.6 m at the bottom and 800 m / h at a depth of 1.5 m. The machine is developed on the basis of Product 409U, or, in other words, the heavy artillery tractor AT-T, designed by the Kharkov Machine-Building Plant named after Malyshev under the leadership of the famous Soviet tank builder A. A. Morozov (AT-T were produced from 1950 to 1979). The tractor is equipped with an A-401 diesel engine with a capacity of 415 hp, which makes it possible to develop a transport speed of up to 35 km / h. The fuel reserve is enough for 500 km of travel or 10-12 hours of work in the ground. The cabin is pressurized, equipped with a filter-ventilation unit, crew - 2 people. Machine weight - 26.5 tons.
The production of trench machines BTM began in 1957 at the Dmitrov excavator plant. The lifting and lowering of the rotor was carried out by a cable-block system using a U-shaped frame. The buckets were of a closed type, which affected the productivity of the machine: when working on clay and wet soils, the buckets were clogged with earth and were not cleaned in an upright position, so they had to be cleaned manually. Presumably, this drawback was eliminated on the modification of the BTM-2 machine, on which buckets with chain bottoms were used. On the further modification of the BTM-3, the mechanism for raising and lowering the rotor was changed and such machines were produced until the end of the 70s.
BTM-4 machine - a prototype; the AT-T tractor was used as a base. Later, a new MT-T multipurpose tracked tractor was used. Serial production under the symbol BTM-4M.
High-speed trench vehicles BTM entered service with the engineering troops of the USSR Armed Forces. For national economic purposes, the BTM-TMG (rotary) and BTM-TMG-2 (chain) machines were developed and produced.
High-speed trenching machine BTM based on the AT-T tractor. The car is installed on a pedestal near the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Ukraine. Photos were taken by RIO1.
High-speed trenching machine BTM-3 based on the AT-T tractor in the transport position during testing. Photo from the archive of the Kharkiv Morozov Design Bureau.
Fast trenching machine BTM-3 based on the AT-T tractor in operation. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Fast trenching machine BTM-3 based on the AT-T tractor. Photos were taken at the base of the Ministry of Emergency Situations Madvezhka in the Leningrad region. F. Shilnikov.
BTM-3 vehicles. Photos from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Fast trenching machine based on the MT-T tractor (prototype 1978). Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Trenching machines TMK
The TMK trenching machine is a wheeled tractor MAZ-538, on which a working body for cutting trenches and bulldozer equipment are mounted. The machine allows you to cut trenches in soils up to category IV inclusive. Trenching in thawed soils at a depth of 1.5 m is carried out at a speed of 700 m / h, in frozen soils 210 m / h.
The working body is rotary, bucket-free type. The working equipment includes a mechanical drive transmission and a hydraulic mechanism for raising and lowering the working body. On the frame of the working body, passive-type slopes are installed, providing the formation of inclined trench walls. The soil raised from the trench with the help of throwers is scattered on both sides of the trench.
The installed auxiliary bulldozer equipment with a blade width of 3, 3 m allows for leveling the area, filling holes, ditches, digging pits, etc.
The basic all-wheel drive wheeled tractor MAZ-538 is equipped with a D-12A-375A engine with a capacity of 375 hp.
TMK machines have been manufactured since 1975 at the Dmitrov excavator plant. Later, the modernized trench machine TMK-2 was produced on the KZKT-538DK wheeled tractor.
Trenching machine TMK-2 based on the KZKT-538DK all-wheel drive tractor. Photos taken by E. Bernikov.
Trenching machine TMK-2 based on the KZKT-538DK tractor produced in 1982. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Pit machines MDK and MKM
With the transfer of production in 1946 to the T-54 tank, the designers of the Kharkiv Design Bureau named after A. A. Morozov, under the leadership of M. N. Shchukin and A. I. Avtomonov, began to develop a tractor unit No. 401 based on this tank. These works were carried out on the instructions of GAU and TsAVTU. The tractor was successfully tested, and in 1953 the first serial AT-T models (heavy artillery tractor) were released.
Pit machine MDK-2 (MDK-2m) is an earth-moving machine based on the heavy artillery tractor AT-T (produced from 1950 to 1979 by the Kharkiv Machine-Building Plant named after Malyshev) and is designed for excavation of pits with a size of 3.5 X 3.5 m of any length in various soils up to category IV inclusive. The bulldozer equipment available on the machine allows planning the site before cutting the excavation, cleaning and leveling the bottom of the excavation, backfilling holes, ditches, trenches and pits, etc.
When pulling out pits, the excavated soil is laid to one side to the right of the excavation in the form of a parapet at a distance of 10 m. In one pass, the deepening is 30-40 cm. Type of the working body - a cutter with a thrower; technical productivity - 300 m3 / h; transport speed of the car - 35.5 km / h.
Pit machine MDK-3 (the first, prototype) is designed for excavation of pits 3.5 m wide and up to 5 m deep to cover equipment. The basic tractor is the AT-T tractor with an additional power plant, as a result of which the installed engine power reaches 1115 hp !!! Productivity of the machine on soils of II - III categories - 1000 - 1200 m3 / h. Machine weight - 34 tons.
Pit machine MDK-3 (late, serial version) is a further development of the machine MDK-2m and is intended for cutting trenches and shelters for equipment, pits for fortifications. The base machine is a multi-purpose heavy tracked transporter-tractor MT-T, developed by the Kharkiv Design Bureau. A. A. Morozov and produced from 1976 to 1991. Kharkov Machine-Building Plant named after Malyshev.
When pulling out pits, the excavated soil is laid to one side to the left of the pit in the form of a parapet. In contrast to the MDK-2m, the MDK-3 excavation machine moves in reverse during the excavation of the excavation, tearing off the excavation in one pass to a depth of 1.75 m. The auxiliary equipment is a powerful dozer equipment and a ripper for frozen soils, which significantly increased the capabilities of the machine compared to the previous one. Technical productivity of the machine - 500 - 600 m3 / h; transport speed - 65 km / h.
Experimental excavation machine MKM based on the AT-T tracked tractor in transport position. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Pit excavator MDK-2 based on the AT-T tracked tractor in transport position. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Excerpt of the foundation pit by the MDK-2 machine. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Pit excavator MDK-2m on an AT-T crawler tractor in transport position. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Pit excavator MDK-3 based on the AT-T tracked tractor in transport position, front view. Prototype. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Pit machine MDK-3, front view. Prototype. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Excerpt of the boiler using the MDK-3 machine. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Pit excavator MDK-3 on an MT-T crawler tractor in the transport position during testing. Photos from the archive of the Kharkiv Morozov Design Bureau.
Pit excavator MDK-3 on the MT-T crawler tractor in operation. Photos from the archives of the Kharkiv Morozov Design Bureau.
Pit excavator MDK-3 on the MT-T crawler tractor. Photo by A. Kravets.
Earthmoving machines DZM and PZM
Regimental earthmoving machine PZM-2 refers to trench-excavation machines designed for cutting trenches and pits for fortification equipment of positions, areas where troops and command posts are located. In thawed soils, the machine provides a fragment of trenches and pits, in frozen soils - only trenches.
The working equipment of the machine is a bucketless chain with a rotary thrower. Technical capacity for excavation of foundation pits - 140 m3 / h, trenches - 180 m3 / h. Dimensions of the trench to be torn off: width 0, 65 - 0, 9 m, depth - 1, 2 m; pits sizes: from 2, 5 to 3, 0 m depth up to 3 m.
Bulldozer equipment can be used for backfilling trenches, ditches and holes, as well as for cleaning roads in winter. A winch with a pulling force of 5 tons is used for self-pulling and to provide the necessary pulling force when cutting pits and trenches in frozen soils with a waterlogged surface.
The PZM-2 earthmoving machine is mounted on the T-155 wheeled tractor of the Kharkov Tractor Plant. It is equipped with an SMD-62 engine with 165 hp.
The DZM divisional earthmoving machine is a prototype of a trailed trench-excavation machine equipped with two bucket-free chain working bodies. Wheeled MAZ-538 was used as a tractor.
PZM-2 earthmoving machine based on the 1991 T-155 tractor. Photos from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru
PZM-2 earthmoving machine based on the T-155 tractor. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Earthmoving machines PZM-2. The photo was taken in Nizhny Novgorod by O. Chkalov.
Earth-moving machine PZM-2. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Opening of a trench with a PZM-2 earth-moving machine. Photos are provided by I. Drachev, Director of the Bryansk Department of Special Equipment Mechanization.
PZM-2 earthmoving machine based on BUM. Photo courtesy of I. Drachev, Director of Bryansk Department of Special Equipment Mechanization.
DZM earthmoving machine in transport position. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
The author will be grateful for any information and photos of these machines.
