The history of the creation of the tactical complex "Tochka" begins in the late 50s - early 60s of the last century with a task to create domestic missile tactical systems. The first complex, which gave rise to the whole history, was the Yastreb complex with a radio-technical guidance system, the project of which was developed by 1963. The base was the V-611 anti-aircraft missile, which belongs to the surface-to-surface class and is used in the M11 complex for air defense in the Navy.
She received radio control and a design range of up to 35 kilometers. In addition, a warhead of greater weight had to be installed in the rocket, which immediately led to a shift in the center of gravity to the front of the rocket. Designers MKB "Fakel", headed by P. Grushin, who, by the way, began to conduct projects, had to compensate for the displacement by installing destabilizers - small aerodynamic surfaces. But the main problem turned out to be not at all in this, but in the use of radio commands to control the missile, the use of which on the tactical complex is recognized as inappropriate, due to the possible jamming of the enemy. The project is put aside. On its basis, work begins on the creation of a new project.
The designers are developing a new draft of the tactical complex, which in 1965 receives the designation "Tochka". The base for the project was the B-614 rocket, which already used an inertial guidance system. The estimated range of destruction is up to 70 kilometers. However, the project of the new Tochka complex is taken from the Fakel Design Bureau and transferred to the Kolomenskoye SKV (KBM). The reasons why the project was transferred to another contractor were quite simple at that time - the Fakel design bureau had practically never been involved in tactical complexes, the main efforts of which were focused on creating air defense and missile defense systems, and the team was overloaded with existing projects.
In the future, the design team, headed by S. Invincible, completely revises the given project, manufactures a prototype, conducts its tests.
The main external differences between missiles:
- reduced wingspan - 1.38 meters;
- plate rudders are changed to open-type lattice rudders;
- removed the destabilizers, equalizing the displacement of the center of gravity.
In 1974, the complex "Tochka" of a new project with the index "9K79" became operational in the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union. It was on the basis of this complex that the "Tochka-U" complex known today was later created with a range of up to 120 kilometers. But until now, the missile of the Tochka-U complex retains the characteristic features of the V-611 anti-aircraft guided missile of the early 60s.
The main characteristics of the projects:
- self-propelled launcher for the "Yastreb" complex was to be made on the basis of wheeled chassis from BAZ or Kutaisky AZ;
- a self-propelled launcher for the Tochka complex was to be made on the basis of a wheeled chassis from BAZ-135LM, an analogue of the chassis of the Luna-M complex;
- complex "Yastreb": radio command control system with radar adjustments installed on the launcher;
- complex "Tochka": inertial control system, with adjustments from the onboard computer;
- single-stage rocket, solid propellant rocket engine with aerodynamic destabilizers
- the minimum range of destruction Yastreb / Tochka - 8/8 kilometers;
- the maximum range of defeat Hawk / Point 35/70 kilometers.
