November 7, 1917 radically changed the map of the world. And even after the treacherous destruction of the USSR, the influence of the Great October Revolution on the political and socio-economic situation in Russia, the former Soviet republics, the countries that were building socialism, remains.
Internal and external factors that led to the degeneration, and then to the collapse of the USSR and discrediting the CPSU, after 1953 matured gradually, in stages. The post-Stalin elite played an important role - directly and indirectly - in the long-term and, it seems, carefully planned process. All this was stated in connection with the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution, and is still celebrated, for example, in the PRC and Cuba, where the construction of socialism continues, taking into account both national specifics and the consequences of the death of the USSR, its "leading and guiding". And in other countries of the Communist Party, the liberation movements did not abandon socialist construction, much less defamation of the Soviet Union and the ideals of October ("Socialism is returning").
Indicative is the statement of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, promulgated on November 6, 1967: “The October Revolution in Russia marked a new era in the history of mankind, in the creation of a world without imperialism, without capitalism and without exploitation … Stalin pointed out:“The October Revolution cannot be considered only a revolution within the national framework. It is, first of all, a revolution of the international, world order”… But after Stalin, the party and state leadership was usurped by a handful of the most prominent figures within the CPSU represented by Khrushchev who embarked on the capitalist path. This revisionist group, under the guise of a "state of the whole people," plunged the Soviet people into the yoke of a new bourgeois privileged stratum. Communist morals and customs fostered by Lenin and Stalin are sinking deeper and deeper into the icy waters of lies, selfishness, and money-grubbing. " It also noted: "In the USSR and some other socialist countries, where power has been usurped by modern revisionists, a comprehensive restoration of capitalism is gradually developing." So "the dictatorship of the proletariat can still turn into the dictatorship of the new bourgeoisie." Therefore, it is required to “vigilantly prevent the usurpation of the party and state leadership from within by people like Khrushchev, the entry of a socialist country on the path of“peaceful evolution”of socialism towards capitalism. And root out revisionism."
Cadres are really everything. Mao Zedong's assessment, expressed in 1973, is noteworthy: “In his last years of his life, fake“comrades-in-arms”did not allow Stalin to nominate young cadres to leading positions. We took into account this tragic lesson, which ended with Stalin's quick “departure” and the rise to power of the revisionists-degenerates”. So how did the PRC take this lesson into account? The Taiwanese "Zhongyang Ribao" noted on December 22, 1977: "In the PRC, in the period from 1967 to 1975, 8.6 million personnel were promoted, and in the period from 1975 to October 1976 alone, 1.2 million … Millions of people came to the top-level and middle-level jobs. " These conclusions are repeated in the documentary six-part film "The Soviet Union: 20 Years Since the Death of the Party and the State", filmed at the request of the Central Committee of the CPC.
Similar assessments were given by prominent non-communist statesmen. Charles de Gaulle: “Stalin had tremendous authority and not only in Russia. He knew how not to panic when he lost and not to enjoy victories. And he has more victories than defeats. Stalin's Russia is not the old Russia that perished with the monarchy. But a Stalinist state without successors worthy of Stalin is doomed. Stalin did not become a thing of the past - he disappeared into the future. And Khrushchev wants to oppose himself literally in everything to Stalin and the Stalinist style. This deliberation is very often to the detriment of Khrushchev and the authority of the USSR. " Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (1932-1974): “My meetings with Soviet leaders after Stalin convince him that there are no worthy successors in the country's leadership. Due to many reasons, the tough but effective system of governing the country, implemented under Stalin, is weakening after him. Becomes more demonstrative than real. And in my opinion, there is no continuity in the managerial, economic and other actions of Soviet leaders after Stalin."
The modern Cuban assessment of the Stalinist period and the subsequent period in the USSR and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union is interesting. According to the Cuba Debate publication dated May 16, 2016, “in 1947, a monetary reform is being carried out, which was clearly of a confiscatory nature. This decision helped to strengthen the country's monetary system and raise the standard of living of Soviet citizens. The military spending of the Soviet Union in 1950 was 17 percent of GDP, in 1960 - 11.1 percent: much more than the US spending on defense. Such a sharp increase in defense spending created a serious obstacle to the growth of the USSR economy. Nevertheless, thanks to the increase in these costs, it was possible to achieve military parity with the West. And the USSR achieved the greatest successes in the rocket and space sphere … After the death of Stalin, on March 5, 1953, a struggle for power began within the CPSU, accompanied by a redistribution of power functions between various party and state structures. In January 1955, Khrushchev achieved Malenkov's resignation from the post of chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers, and the center of power shifted to him … In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the slowdown in economic growth and labor productivity became more noticeable. At the XXII Congress of the CPSU in 1961, measures were strengthened to combat the cult of Stalin's personality, which led to the final breakdown of bilateral ties with China, to a confrontation between the two largest communist parties in the world, which lasted until 1989. And it caused a split in the communist parties of many countries, which had a very negative impact on the revolutionary liberation movement in the world. " In the USSR, "no mechanisms were created to eradicate bureaucratic forms of government." And "socialism, if not consciously assimilated, then it remains on the surface."
