On September 8, Moscow celebrates City Day. And it would be very appropriate to remember that on the territory of our capital there was an ancient settlement that arose two and a half thousand years ago (5-4 centuries BC). It was located on the site of the current Filevsko-Kuntsevsky Park. Archaeological excavations have shown that it was a very powerful settlement, protected by arched ramparts and ditches. During the excavations of the settlement, the remains of pottery, bronze women's jewelry, sickles, grain grinders, cereal grains, and pink salmon scythe were found. A road 3 meters wide, neatly paved with smoothly rolled stones, led to the top of the ancient city fortress. It spiraled around the slopes of the hill, and along it stretched a groove for a drain.
“The system of fortifications of the settlement is of particular interest,” we read on the local history site “Fili Park”. - Terraces on the slopes were leveled in the mainland in the early period of the history of the settlement, their edges were reinforced with masonry and a powerful fence made of stakes with a diameter of 7-11 cm, which protected the terrace from erosion and sliding. Such a system of anti-landslide fences of a similar design is used in the Moscow region to this day. " ("Ancient settlement -" Cursed place ")
Note - "up to the present time"! It turns out that the Moscow region was inhabited in the deepest antiquity, and not some wild tribes there, but highly cultured builders of powerful and beautiful fortresses. This settlement was still lucky, but how many such settlements remain buried and unknown? But, worst of all, there are almost no written sources about this antiquity. Although they should be in huge numbers. It seems that we were robbed, leaving some - yes, relatives, but loved ones - but just belongings.
Take, for example, our Russian chronicle "The Tale of Bygone Years", which is considered the basis for all historical studies on the history of Ancient Russia. It speaks extremely sparingly of the rule of the "first" Russian princes. Even about Vladimir the Holy, who baptized Russia, and even then - somehow it is written completely to the point of indecency. And nothing at all has been written about what happened in the second half of his reign, in the period from 998 to 1015. Is this an accident? No, someone's skillful "scissors" have obviously worked here. It is known that in Russia various foreign adventurers of all stripes often felt very at ease. What is the only bunch of German "enlighteners" (A. Schletzer, G. Bayer, etc.), who concocted a completely false "Norman theory" in the 18th century and made it the official historiosophical doctrine of the Russian state! And even if only the German Normanists. (A lot of things can be remembered here. For example, the adventurer Paisius Ligarida, who was an agent of the Latin West and who actively exacerbated the tragic religious schism in Russia.)
According to the Norman theory, the Russians borrowed their statehood from the Scandinavians, or rather the latter planted it here with their iron hand. In the future, this theory was re-sung in every way, offering a variety of versions - hard and soft. Well, where there is one, there is another - serious, academic researchers began to study the influence of various peoples on the Slavs and came to the conclusion that our ancestors borrowed a huge number of the most important words. If you please see, from the Iranians we took the following words: "God", "paradise", "lord", "khata", "ax", "lizard", "chalice", "grave", "wine". From the Germans - "prince", "knight", "regiment", "armor", "helmet", "shaft", "voivode". From the Celts - "servant", "pit", "cage", "cow". From Latin - "bath", "cat", "mill", "chamber", "ax". And this is only a small fraction, and so some transfers would be enough for a voluminous journal article. It seems that the Proto-Slavs were completely without any idea, and they learned all the words from their neighbors. At the same time, it rests on verbal similarity, but somehow the fact is forgotten that there is a linguistic community of Indo-European peoples. Once we all constituted a single ancestral nation, whence, in fact, a striking similarity.
Yes, very often our historical science followed and follows the idol of many "masters of minds" - the West. The West itself began with antiquity and its barbaric Celto-Germanic periphery, and could not put up with the fact that the "backward" Russia-Russia had no less, if not deeper roots. They go back to the Scythian and Pro-Scythian antiquity, because the Scythians were our ancestors. And among them, one can single out the Proto-Slavic element, which, at a certain point in time, dominated over all of Scythia. We are talking about chipped, Scythian farmers, who differed from the Iranian-speaking nomadic nomads.
By the way, the history of Europe itself is largely Scythian. For example, how many people know about the archaeological culture of the Fields of Burial Urns, which belongs to the Eastern, Scythian cultures? It arose as early as the 13th century. BC NS. and for several centuries it spread over a vast area from the Danube to the Pyrenees and the North Sea. Its carriers also reached the British Isles, where they left their mark on the local culture. It is significant that the Irish (Celtic) saga about Goidel Glas (Goidel the Green) tells about the ancient migration of ancestors from "Scythia". Or take, for example, the famous megalithic monument Stonehenge - according to established legends, it was built by the Scythians. Moreover, experts believe that this structure has a "pre-Celtic" origin.
And what about the Celts? They began their grandiose expansion later, facing the Scythians. This confrontation intensified especially in the 6th century. BC e., covering Central Europe. And already in the 3rd century. BC NS. the Gauls broke through the Carpathians, capturing the land that is now called Galicia (this is very symbolic, given the anti-Russian sentiments there). They were not allowed further, but they nevertheless weakened Scythia, which, in many respects, led to its fall under the blows of the recently allied Sarmatians. It turns out that once all of Europe was inhabited by our ancestors - the Scythians. And only then we were ousted from there by the Europeans of that time, including the Celts. Any, at least the least diligent student knows about the confrontation between the latter and Rome. (At least he knew - before the collapse of the education system.) But centuries of Scythian-Celtic wars remained a grandiose "blank spot" in ancient history.
However, like many other things. And this, in many respects, is the result of a long, millennia-long cultural and historical war of Western civilizers who imposed their own idea of ancient history on the whole world and our people. Moreover, much is not only distorted, but also destroyed. Here you are, such a question - ancient authors say that the Scythians had excellent laws written on copper tables, but where are these tables? And where, in general, are their monuments of writing, which simply could not be - with such and such legislation? The Roman author Pompey Trog stated: "The Scythian tribe was always considered the most ancient, although there was a long dispute between the Scythians and the Egyptians about the antiquity of origin … The Scythians prevailed over the Egyptians and always seemed to be a people of more ancient origin." Herodotus spoke about the Scythian king Anacharsis, whom the Greeks included in the council of the seven greatest sages. There is evidence of Scythian letters to Asian rulers (in particular, to Darius). Diogenes Laertius mentions 800 lines of verses written by the Scythian sage Anacharsis.
That is, the Scythians had their own writing, but for some reason they "did not reach"! What is this, some kind of whim of nature, some kind of annoying accident? No, as Stanislavsky said, “I don’t believe”. Obviously, much and much has been stolen from us, both literally and figuratively.
The presence of writing among the Scythians is indirectly confirmed by the existence of a developed urban culture in them. The Scythians had numerous and powerful cities. Ancient authors hardly write about them, moreover, Herodotus denied their very existence. Although, it is obvious that the "father of history" had in mind the Scythian nomads. At the same time, he described the huge (4400 hectares) city of Gelon in the land of Budins, which were in a Scythian orbit. (Many historians consider Budinov to be a Slavic ethnopolitical formation.) In addition, Herodotus wrote about the Cimmerian city of Portmen on the Don. And the Scythian cities of Karkinitida and Cardes were mentioned by Hecateus of Miletus.
But, of course, the richest information is given by archaeologists who have unearthed many Scythian settlements. Researchers pay attention to the territory of the “settlement of the Scythian plowmen (farmers) of Herodotus, whom the majority of experts consider, basically, the Proto-Slavs and locates between the middle reaches of the Dniester and the Dnieper, as well as in the middle reaches of the Vorskla. Judging by the latest data, the Middle Pela basin should also be included here”. (V. Yu. Murzin, R. Rolle "Scythian cities").
“It is in this region that a significant number of settlements and settlements are concentrated,” the authors report. - So, only on the territory of the Kiev-Cherkasy local version of this ethnocultural massif, which stretches along the right bank of the Dnieper for about 380 km, 64 settlements were recorded, including 18 settlements. The settlements under consideration in terms of size, design features of defensive structures (earthen ramparts with wooden structures), planning, which is often quite complex, and other characteristic features stand out noticeably against the background of similar monuments of neighboring territories. This statement is all the more true if we take into account the presence of three giant settlements in the Ukrainian forest-steppe. We mean the Big Khodosovskoe, Karatulskoe and Belskoe settlements. Belskoe settlement, located on the high right bank of the middle reaches of the river. Vorskla is a complex system of fortifications - Eastern, Western and Kuzeminsky, united by a common rampart and a ditch of the Big Volsky settlement. The area is more than 4000 hectares, the total length of the shafts is about 35 km. The Karatul settlement, which is located to the south of the town of Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky, is a complex of branched ramparts and ditches, with a total length of 74 km, covering the interfluve of the Dnieper, Trubezh and Supoy. The area of the settlement is approximately 17 x 25 km. And, finally, the Big Khodosovskoe settlement (Kruglik). It is located on the southern outskirts of Kiev and has an area of over 2000 hectares, surrounded by two horseshoe-shaped ramparts with a total length of about 12 km. However, M. P. Kuchera believes that in antiquity there were ramparts that united into a single system not only the Big Khodosovskoe, but also the Khotovskoe and Maloe Khodosovskoe settlements of the Scythian era. In this case, this complex of fortifications is not inferior in scale to either Belsky or Karatulsky. It turns out quite symbolically - it turns out that Kiev had its own predecessor, which existed even before our era! How not to remember the Kuntsevo settlement!
Of course, the greatness of Scythia did not arise from scratch. Its emergence was preceded not even by centuries, but by millennia of development of the most powerful, but, alas, forgotten cultures. One of these cultures was the Sredny Stog archaeological culture, which took shape as early as 5 thousand BC. NS. in the forest-steppe between the Dnieper and the Don.
The Srednestogs were farmers and herders, and it was they who were the first in the world to tame the horse, which was the most important contribution to human culture as such. In addition, they invented the wheel, which was another major turning point in human life. “… It seems that the material remains of wheels have not yet been found in the monuments of the Sredniy Stog culture, - writes I. Rassokha. - However, there are clear images of wheels and chariots on the Stone Tomb near Melitopol. These images are convincingly dated precisely to the Eneolithic era, and they directly relate to the archaic period of the Middle Stog culture. And the discovery of wheels in the culture of Gumelnitsa also serves as an indirect confirmation of the invention of the wheel even earlier in the Middle Stog culture, since only there the wheel could be combined with developed horse breeding. This date coincides with the date of the first Indo-European invasion of the Balkan Peninsula … Thus, the wheel appeared in Sumer about 500-1000 years later than in Eastern Europe. " ("The ancestral home of the Rus")
On the basis of the Sredny Stog culture, the Yamnaya culture arose, so named after the type of burial: the dead were placed in a pit, over which a mound was erected. This cultural and historical community spreads over the vast expanses from the Urals to the Dniester, and from the Caucasus to the Middle Volga region. The Yamtsy were, first of all, cattle breeders, while also engaged in agriculture and handicraft activities. Researchers say about “a fairly developed flint processing, the same can be said about bone processing (including for jewelry). In the process of making stone artifacts, the technique of drilling and grinding was used. Overlapping burials made of processed stone slabs and wooden blocks, anthropomorphic steles and wooden carts testify to the skills of working with stone and wood. Pottery, weaving, weaving were developed. " (Ivanova S. V. "Social structure of the population of the Yamnaya culture of the North-Western Black Sea region")
Pompey Trog wrote that the Scythians ruled over all of Asia three times. The first period lasted one and a half thousand years and "the Assyrian king Nin put an end to the payment." These data are confirmed by a later historian of the 5th century. n. NS. Pavel Orosius: "1300 years before the founding of Rome, the Assyrian king Nin …, rising from the south from the Red Sea, in the far north devastated and conquered the Euxine Pontus." And here it is already easy to determine the time limits. “Comparing the dates (the founding of Rome - 753 BC), we can assume that the Scythians dominated Asia in the 36-21 centuries. BC, that is, in the Early Bronze Age, notes N. I. Vasilieva. "But this time is the period of the Yamnaya culture and its immediate predecessors, the time when the Aryans of the southern Russian steppes settled in all directions to the south, creating new kingdoms!" ("Great Scythia")
The Middle Stog and Yamsk cultures are one and the same great Aryan empire. And under the Aryans here we must understand the then single people who would give life to the Slavs, Indians and Iranians. They were the original, the very first Scythians. They, in fact, were what Pompey Trog had in mind when he wrote about the first dominion of the Scythians in Asia. Obviously, we are talking about the Yamtsy state, which was then at the zenith of its power. It is significant that this dominion was recalled already at the beginning of the 17th century by Andrei Lyzlov in his "Scythian history", where he argued that the Scythians "had the Small and Great, the second and greatest part of the world, possessed courage, and have possessed it for fifteen hundred years: from Vexor. the king of Egypt - even before the age and state of Nina, the king of Assyria."
Later, on the basis of the Srednestog and Yamsk cultures, others arose - Proto-Scythian and Scythian. Ultimately, all this inheritance will go to Russia - Kiev, South, and then Moscow, North. However, it should be noted here that the foundations of Northern Russia were laid long before Kiev itself."The Legend of Slaven and Ruse" ("Chronograph of 1679") tells about the powerful exodus of our ancestors from the Black Sea region, which was part of the orbit of the most ancient Scythian cultures, and about their creation of cities (Slavensk the Great) in the Novgorod North.
So, our distant ancestors inhabited the present Great Russian lands at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. NS.? Yes, exactly so, N. I. Vasilieva and Yu. D. Petukhov draw attention to the fact that “just at the end of the 3rd - the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. NS. a vast array of territories in Central and Eastern Europe was occupied by the so-called Corded Ware cultures, which displayed great unity. The “Corded Ware” community included the southern Azov-Black Sea territory and the northern, forest territory; it stretched from the Baltic to the Kama basin. The impulses for the formation of the “Corded Ware” community came precisely from the south, from the southern Russian steppes … This means that everything was as it is written in the annals: the Russians came to the northern forests from the steppes of Great Scythia back in the Bronze Age, and they belonged to the Eastern European cultures of the “corded ceramics "(2200-1600 BC). The message of the chronicle about the first Russian "cities", founded at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. e., does not contradict the data of archeology: then fortified centers, similar to the South Ural Arkaim, can be considered fortified settlements. " ("The Eurasian Empire of the Scythians").
This remarkable observation must be supplemented with an indication of the Fatyanovo culture, which was one of the subdivisions of the Corded Ware culture (also known as the "battle-ax culture"). This culture occupies vast areas of Ivanovo, Novgorod, Moscow, Tver, Smolensk, Kaluga, Kostroma, Ryazan, Tula, Oryol, Nizhny Novgorod and Yaroslavl (Fatyanovo) regions. Strictly speaking, this is the territory of Muscovite Rus, which will emerge only in three thousand years! So deny after that the cyclical nature of history. Moreover, it should be noted that the representatives of the Fatyanovo culture were dominated by the Y-haplogroup R1a, which indicates their proximity to the modern Slavs.
Fatyanovo culture-pottery of the Corded Ware era (Fatyanovo village, Danilovsky district, Yaroslavl region)
So that's it! And we have the most fragmentary data about all this! Logic tells us that it was not without malice. One can regret this, but do not despair. Much, for sure, is hidden - and it will certainly return to its owner - the Russian people.
