First Chechen war
PTP D-48 caliber 85 mm was developed in the second half of the 40s by a team of designers under the leadership of Petrov. In the design of the new cannon, some elements of the 85 mm D-44 divisional cannon were used, as well as the 100 mm BS-3 model 1944 cannon. The SA was adopted in 1953. The cannon can hit not only tanks, but also armored personnel carriers, self-propelled artillery guns and other enemy armored vehicles. The cannon can be used for firing at armored caps, embrasures of wood-earth and long-term points, for the destruction of fire weapons and enemy manpower, which are located behind light shelters or outside shelters.
The structural layout of the D-48 PTP has a classic scheme: a barrel with a bolt is superimposed on the carriage.
The D-48 barrel is a monoblock tube equipped with a two-chamber muzzle brake, a clutch and a clip breech. The design of the gun carriage includes: recoil devices, a cradle, a counterbalancing mechanism, guidance mechanisms, an upper machine, a lower machine with suspension, wheels, beds, sights and a shield cover.
The active muzzle brake is screwed onto the barrel and is a hollow massive cylinder with holes (windows) on the generatrix. The muzzle brake holes are rounded. The brake efficiency is about 68%. The wedge vertical semiautomatic breechblock with a spring semiautomatic device is designed to lock the barrel and fire. Before the first shot, the shutter must be opened manually, after which it automatically opens after each shot. He work of automation allows firing at a speed of up to 15 rds / min. A cylindrical cradle made by casting of a yoke type, guides the barrel during rollback and rollback. Recoil devices - recoil brakes (hydraulics) and recoil pad (hydropneumatics). Recoil devices are installed above the barrel in a clip and roll back together with the barrel during the shot. A clip with sockets is welded to the cradle. The pins used for connection with the upper machine are located in the cradle. Frame (upper machine) - the base for the swinging part of PTP D-48. On the left, there are lifting and rotary screw-type guidance mechanisms, a shield cover and a balancing mechanism. Pneumatic push-type balancing mechanism, installed to the right of the barrel. The cylindrical cradle is made by casting. The lifting mechanism has one sector, which is located on the left. The rotary screw mechanism was located to the left of the barrel, its design is similar to the D-44. Shield cover - the main shield, fixed on the upper machine, and two flaps that can be folded up and down. The rotating part of the gun was located on the bearing shield, which was rigidly fastened to the rear and front armor plates, the frame and the lower folding armor plate. Two beds with openers are attached to the lower machine, as well as a rotary screw. The lower machine is equipped with a two-wheeled undercarriage of the gun with torsion-bar compression. The undercarriage switches off automatically when the beds are pulled apart. The wheels from the ZiS-5 car have GK tires. The sliding hollow frame of the D-48 cannon has a box section and permanent openers at the ends.
If necessary and if the terrain permits, the crew on the battlefield can manually roll the gun. To do this, a small metal roller is substituted under the trunk part, usually fixed on the left frame with a stopper. The standard means of traction is a ZiS-151 vehicle or an AT-P tractor.
Sights:
С71-77 - mechanical sight for direct fire or from closed positions, permanently installed;
OP2-77 / OP4-77 - optical sight, permanently installed, used for direct fire,;
PG-1 - gun panorama, removed during transportation.
In addition, APN2-77 and APNZ-77 night sights were installed on the D-48N.
The gun ammunition consists of one hundred rounds: armor-piercing shells - 44, high-explosive fragmentation shells with a full charge - 8 and high-explosive fragmentation shells with a reduced charge - 48.
Ammunition:
For firing from the 85-mm D-48 anti-tank gun, the use of shots from the D-44, KS-1 cannon, 85-mm self-propelled guns and tank guns is prohibited.
It is armed with a separate anti-tank artillery battalion of a tank or motorized rifle regiment (consists of two anti-tank artillery batteries, each of which has two fire platoons) in a battery of 6 guns (in battalion 12).
Technical characteristics of the D-48 anti-tank gun:
Caliber - 85 mm;
Mass of the gun in combat position - 2350 kg
Mass of the gun in the stowed position - 2400 kg
Angle of vertical guidance - from -6 ° to + 35 °;
Horizontal guidance angle - 54 °;
The height of the line of fire - 830 mm;
Barrel length - 6290 mm (74 caliber);
Number of grooves - 32
System length - 9195 mm;
Width - 1780 mm;
Height - 1475 mm;
Track width - 1475 mm;
Clearance - 360 mm;
Transfer to the stowed position from the combat position - 1, 5-2 minutes;
Maximum towing speed - 60 km / h;
The rate of fire is 8-9 rounds per minute.
Calculation - 5 people.
