During the war, the Northern Sea Theater arose. After the outbreak of the war, Russia lost contact with its allies across the Black and Baltic Seas. The accelerated development of the existing ports on the White Sea and the construction of new ones on the Barents Sea began, as well as the reconstruction of the Arkhangelsk-Vologda railway, the construction of the Murmansk railway and the establishment of a system for protecting sea communications.
All this required the attraction of large resources, the lack of which was the reason that their implementation was delayed. The reconstruction of the Arkhangelsk-Vologda railway was completed in January 1916, and the construction of the Murmansk railway was completed in 1917. Observation posts were set up in the throat of the White Sea, and a battery of 4 47-mm cannons was installed on Mudyug Island.
Already at the end of 1914, the enemy began to lay mines, and at the beginning of navigation in 1915, the German command sent an auxiliary cruiser Meteor into the throat of the White Sea - it delivered 285 mines. The mines killed several merchant ships and blew up the English auxiliary cruiser Arlanz. Since June 1915, the defense of the Arkhangelsk port and the defense of sea communications in the theater of operations have become more organized and effective.
In July 1916, an order was issued to form a flotilla of the Arctic Ocean. The flotilla was to include a cruising detachment, a trawling division, detachments for the defense of the Kola Bay, the Arkhangelsk port, as well as a communications and observation service. The main tasks of the flotilla: escorting ships in mine-hazardous areas, security, patrol service, coastal defense.
In 1916, the construction of the base began in the depths of the Kola Bay - near the Semyonovy Islands. A commercial port was under construction in the Kola Bay near the village of Romanova (future Murmansk).
The German command, assessing the importance of the northern sea communications linking Russia with the Allies in the Entente and neutral states, in the second half of 1916 sent submarines for active operations in this theater of operations. In August-September, German submarine mines planted 72 mines at the entrance to the throat of the White Sea - several ships were killed on them. From September 1916, enemy submarines began to appear on the approaches to the Kola Bay.
The Russian command took anti-submarine defense measures, which reduced losses to a minimum by October.
In 1917, the Northern Arctic flotilla included: a battleship ("Chesma"), 2 cruisers ("Varyag" and "Askold"), 4 destroyers, 2 destroyers, 3 submarines, a minelayer, 40 minesweepers and minesweepers, 2 icebreakers and up to 20 auxiliary vessels.
1. "Chesma".
At the Northern Naval Theater, the enemy lost 3 submarines: U 56 (sunk by the destroyer Grozovoy), U 76 (destroyed by minesweepers) and U 28 (killed by the explosion of an attacked transport with military cargo).
2. U-28 in 1915 from a hijacked ship.
The young fleet declared itself in full voice.
In 1917, on the Black Sea, the fleet continued combat operations on enemy communications, made it difficult to deliver weapons and food supplies to the Turkish army on the Caucasian front, shelling coastal targets, and blockaded the Bosphorus.
The main event for the Baltic Fleet, weakened by the revolution in 1917, was its participation in the Moonsund operation.
The final contribution of the Russian fleet to the victory of the Entente is expressed in the following figures (See also: Aleksandrov Yu. I. Domestic submarines before 1918 (reference book). St. Petersburg, 2002; Apalkov Yu. V. Combat ships of the Russian fleet 08.1914. 10. 1917. Directory. SPb., 1996; He. German Navy 1914-1918. Handbook on the ship composition // Marine collection. 1996. No. 3; Ozarovsky N. Yu. German losses at sea from the actions of the Russian fleet in 1914-1917. M.-L., 1941; Puzyrevsky KP Ship damage from artillery and the fight for survivability. L., 1940; Puzyrevsky KP Ship damage from underwater explosions and the fight for survivability. L. - M., 1938; Pakhomov N. A. Armored cruisers of Germany. 1886-1918. Samara, 2006; Trubitsyn S. B. Light cruisers of Germany (1914-1918). SPb., 1997; He's the same. Destroyers and destroyers of Germany (1871-1918). SPb., 2000; The Russian Imperial Navy and the fleets of Germany and Turkey. Pg., 1915; Khromov N. E. Submarine forces of the Baltic Fleet 1906-2006. Kaliningrad, 2006); Shishov A. A. Losses of the German Navy in World War I 1914-1918. SPb., 1996).
Destroyed enemy ship, cause and date of death, theater of operations, operation
"Magdeburg", light cruiser - 13.08.1914, sat on the stones of about. Odenholm, blown up by the crew and finished off by the cruisers "Bogatyr" and "Pallada", killing 15 people. 1914, Baltic.
"Gerda", auxiliary patrol ship - 16.08.1914, mine detonation. 1914, Baltic.
"Temesh", monitor - 10. 10. 1914, a mine explosion on the river. Savva, 31 people died. 1914, the Danube theater.
"Augustenburg", auxiliary patrol ship - 21.10.1914, a mine explosion, 6 people were killed. 1914, Baltic.
"Friedrich Karl", armored cruiser - 4. 11. 1914, a mine explosion near the Danzig Bay, 7 people were killed. 1914, Baltic.
The block ships "Alfie", "Julia", "Marta", "Martial" - 4. 11. 1914 were flooded by crews near Libava. 1914, Baltic.
"Nilufer", minelayer - 6. 11. 1914, mine detonation. 1914, Black Sea.
"Ron", minelayer - 17.12.1914, mine detonation. 1914, Black Sea.
"Hohenzollern", tug - 03.01.1915, mine explosion, killed 16 people. 1915, Baltic.
"Gazelle", light cruiser - 12.01.1915 decommissioned after being blown up by a Russian mine. 1915, Baltic.
"Nevsehir", gunboat - 17.01.1915, mine detonation 1915, Black Sea.
"Medzhidie", light cruiser - 21.03.1915, mine detonation near Odessa 1915, Black Sea.
T 57, minesweeper (ships of the T43 type were called destroyers-minesweepers. Depending on the tasks in the operation, when the ship died, we call it either a destroyer or a minesweeper. Of the 12 ships of the series, 10 were killed by Russian weapons) - 03.03.1915, detonation on a mine 1915, Baltic.
T 47, minesweeper - 16.05.1915, detonation of the minelay "Amur", killed 20 people. 1915, Baltic.
T 51, minesweeper - 16.05.1915, detonation of the minelay "Amur", killed 20 people. 1915, Baltic.
"Gzinder", seaplane transport - 21.05.1915 was blown up by a mine and disarmed. 1915, Baltic.
Dora Hugo Stinnes 12, naval coal miner - 23.05.1915, sunk by a British submarine. 1915, Baltic.
"Bunte Kuh", minesweeper - 15.06.1915, mine detonation, 1 person died. 1915, Baltic.
"Ursula Fischer", transport - 18.06.1915, a mine explosion of Russian destroyers. 1915, Baltic.
"Albatross", mine cruiser - 19.06.1915, after a battle with Russian cruisers, washed ashore about. Gotland, 28 people killed. 1915, Baltic, Gotland battle
V 107, small destroyer - 26.07.1915, mine detonation near Libau. 1915, Baltic.
T 52, minesweeper - 26.07.1915, mine detonation 1915, Baltic Irbenskaya operation.
T 58, minesweeper - 26.07.1915, mine detonation, killed 17 people. 1915, Baltic Irbenskaya operation.
T 46, minesweeper - 03.08.1915, mine detonation, killed 17 people. 1915, Baltic, Irbenskaya operation.
V 99, destroyer - 04.08.1915, died in the Gulf of Riga (during an artillery battle with the destroyer "Novik" was severely damaged and forced to leave for a minefield), 21 people died. 1915, Baltic, Irbenskaya operation.
S 31, destroyer - 06.08.1915, mine detonation 1915, Baltic, Irbenskaya operation.
The block ships "Oak", "City of Berlin", "Iris" - 07.08.1915, flooded near the town of Pernov. 1915, Baltic, Irbenskaya operation.
"Breslau", transport - 24.08.1915, detonation of a Russian mine in the Danzig Gulf. 1915, Baltic.
"Vilkomen", fleet tanker - 30.09.1915, mine detonation 1915, Baltic.
U 26, submarine - 09.1915, mine explosion, 30 people died. 1915, Baltic.
"Prince Adalbert", armored cruiser - 10.10.1915, torpedoed by the English submarine E-8 near Libava, 672 people were killed 1915, Baltic.
"Ondine", light cruiser - 25. 10. 1915 sunk submarine E-19, killed 14 people. 1915, Baltic.
A 3, destroyer - 25.10.1915, mine detonation 1915, Baltic.
"Burgmeister Petersen", tanker of the fleet - 29.10.1915, mine detonation 1915, Baltic.
"Norburg", patrol ship - 7. 11. 1915, as a result of a raid by Russian destroyers. 1915, Baltic.
"Tashkopryu", gunboat - 27.11.1915, destroyer artillery fire. 1915, Black Sea.
"Yozgat", gunboat - 27.11.1915, destroyer artillery fire. 1915, Black Sea.
UС 13, submarine - 15.11.1915 thrown ashore by a storm, finished off by Russian ships. 1915, Black Sea
"Bremen", light cruiser - 4. 12. 1915, an explosion on a Russian mine, 250 people died. 1915, Baltic.
S 191, destroyer - 4.12.1915, mine detonation. 1915, Baltic.
S 177, large destroyer - 10.12.1915, mine detonation 1915, Baltic.
"Freya", patrol ship (former cruiser) - 10. 12. 1915, an explosion on a Russian mine, 22 people were killed. 1915, Baltic.
"Bints", patrol ship - 12. 1915, mine detonation. 1915, Baltic.
G 194, large destroyer - 13.03.1916, mine detonation 1916, Baltic.
"Hamburg", Luger - 01.05.1916, mine detonation 1916, Baltic
"Hermann", auxiliary cruiser and 2 armed trawlers on 18.05.1916, sunk by torpedoes in battle with destroyers, killed 40 people 1916, Baltic, battle in Norrkoping Bay
U 10, submarine in May 1916, mine exploded, killed 30 people 1916, Baltic
Trap vessel N 01.06.1916, sunk by the destroyer Novik 1916, Baltika
V 162, large destroyer 02.08.1916, mine detonation 1916, Baltic
Siemens Schuckert 2, motor boat 08.27.1916, mine explosion, 10 people killed 1916, Baltic
"Shumni", destroyer 29.08.1916, mine detonation near Varna 1916, Black Sea
"Kutahiya", destroyer 01.09.1916, mine detonation 1916, Black Sea
"Malatya", gunboat 04.09.1916, mine detonation 1916, Black Sea
T 64, minesweeper 10.10.1916, mine detonation 1916, Baltic
F 2, minesweeper 25.10.1916, mine detonation in the Irbensky Strait 1916, Baltic
"Erkner" 1, motor boat 25.10.1916, mine detonation in the Irbensky Strait 1916, Baltic
S 57, destroyer 29.10.1916, mine detonation, killed 2 people 1916, Baltic. Operation of the 10th mine flotilla to break through into the Gulf of Finland
V 75, destroyer 29.10.1916, mine detonation, killed 3 people 1916, Baltic. 10th flotilla operation
S 58, destroyer 30.10.1916, mine detonation 1916, Baltic. 10th flotilla operation
S 59, destroyer 30.10.1916, mine detonation 1916, Baltic. 10th flotilla operation
V 72, destroyer 30.10.1916, mine detonation 1916, Baltic. 10th flotilla operation
V 76, destroyer 30.10.1916, mine detonation, 1 person killed 1916, Baltic. 10th flotilla operation
G 90, destroyer 30.10.1916, mine detonation, killed 11 people 1916, Baltic. 10th flotilla operation
U 56, submarine 20.10.1916, destroyed by a destroyer, 35 people killed 1916, Northern Maritime Theater (Barents Sea)
UB 45, submarine 24.10.1916, mine detonation near Varna 1916, Black Sea
UB 7, submarine 10.1916, destroyed by a Russian seaplane, 15 people killed 1916, Black Sea
UC 15, small underwater minelayer 11.1916, mine detonation, killed 15 people 1916, Black Sea
Patrol boats No. 12 and No. 16 on 8. 12. 1916, by the fire of the cruiser "Memory of Mercury" near the Bosphorus 1916, Black Sea
UB 46, submarine 26.11.1916, killed by mines exposed by TSCHK 234, killed 20 people 1916, Black Sea
U 76, submarine 12.01.1917, sunk by surface ship artillery, 1 person killed 1917, Northern Maritime Theater (Barents Sea)
U 28, submarine 08.08.1917, during a transport attack, 28 people were killed 1917, Northern Maritime Theater (White Sea)
"Neitzleichter" V, network lighter on 15.09.1917, mine detonation, 13 people killed 1917, Baltic
T 54, torpedo boat 23.09.1917, mine detonation, 7 people killed 1917, Baltic
M 31, minesweeper 25.09.1917, mine detonation, 2 people died 1917, Baltic, Operation Albion
Destroyer type "S" "Dolphin" 01.10.1917, mine detonation, killed 22 people 1917, Baltic, Operation Albion
Type "S" destroyer "Altair" 01.10.1917, mine detonation, 10 people killed 1917, Baltic, Operation Albion
S 64, destroyer 04.10.1917, mine detonation, 6 people killed 1917, Baltic, Operation Albion
T 66, destroyer 05.10.1917 - killed by mines in the Gulf of Riga 1917, Baltica, Operation Albion
T 54, destroyer 06.10.1917, mine detonation 1917, Baltic, Operation Albion
T 56, destroyer 03.10.1917, died from artillery fire, washed ashore 1917, Baltic, Operation Albion
Roland III, minesweeper 08.10.1917, mine detonation, 7 people killed 1917, Baltic, Operation Albion
Type "S" destroyer "Gutgeil" 09.10.1917, mine detonation 1917, Baltic, Operation Albion
"Glukstadt", destroyer type S 09.10.1917, washed ashore 1917, Baltic, Operation Albion
F 3, minesweeper 11.10.1917, mine detonation 1917, Baltic, Operation Albion
A 32, destroyer 12.10.1917, mine detonation 1917, Baltic, Operation Albion
"Tarask", minesweeper on 13.10.1917, capsized and sank 1917, Baltic, Operation Albion
"Kiebwider", type S destroyer 13.10.1917, washed ashore 1917, Baltic, Operation Albion
M 68, minesweeper 16.10.1917, mine detonation, 1 person killed 1917, Baltic, Operation Albion
"Binet", minesweeper 17.10.1917, shot, sank 1917, Baltic, Operation Albion
T 65, destroyer 13.10.1917, mine detonation 1917, Baltic, Operation Albion
"Hamidabad", destroyer 17.10.1917, sunk by a joint attack by seaplanes and destroyers near the port of Inada 1917, Black Sea
"Scardsay", transport 3.11.1917, mine detonation 1917, Baltic
"Marta", transport 6.11.1917, mine detonation 1917, Baltic
"Neva", transport 6.11.1917, mine detonation 1917, Baltic
UC 57, underwater minelayer 11.1917, mine detonation 1917, Baltic
"Klaydell", transport 1917, sunk by Russian submarine 1917, Baltika
3. Sea battle
The ending follows
