In the article offered to your attention, we will consider the state and prospects for the development of such, in general, a new class of ships for our sailors, as a frigate.
Due to the fact that frigates were not listed in the USSR Navy, the assignment of Soviet-built ships to this class is entirely on the author's conscience. Of all the ships that were laid down in the USSR and were in the Russian Navy as of December 1, 2015, theoretically, patrol ships of Project 11540, the last "singing frigate" of Project 61 "Sharp," and also, to be maybe the patrol ships of projects 1135 and 1135M "Ladny" and "Pytlivy". However, we have already considered the "Sharp-witted" in the article on destroyers, and talked about the project 1135 TFR in the section on corvettes. Accordingly, only:
SKR project 11540 - 2 units.
Standard displacement - 3,590 tons, speed - 30 knots, armament: 4 * 8 PU SAM "Dagger", 2 * 4 PU anti-ship missiles "Uran" (not on "Neustrashim"), 2 * 3 PU PLUR "Waterfall-NK", 1 RBU-6000, 1 * 1 100-mm AU AK-100, 2 ZRAK "Kortik", hangar for the 1st Ka-27 helicopter.
In total, three such ships were laid down: "Fearless", "Yaroslav the Wise" and "Tuman", but the latter was not commissioned, and in 2016 a decision was made to dispose of the unfinished hull. The only difference between "Fearless" and "Yaroslav the Wise", as far as the author knows, was the absence of Uran missile launchers on the first one (at the same time, the author does not know whether there is control equipment for these missiles, alas).
Strictly speaking, if there were ships in the Soviet fleet that could be called frigates, this is Project 11540. The fact is that the project was originally created as a "response" to numerous frigates of Western countries - the performance characteristics of all frigates modern at that time were analyzed, the best of them was chosen (it turned out to be the German frigate "Bremen") and then the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau was tasked with designing "such the same, only better”- and so the project 11540 turned out. By the way, for the classification of project 11540, the 1st Institute of the Navy proposed to introduce a new class“frigate”into the official“Table of Ranks”of the Russian fleet, but S. G. Gorshkov considered this unnecessary.
Probably, the commander-in-chief was right after all, because to a certain extent "Undaunted" seemed to continue the line of development of the TFR project 1135, but still with a great bias towards universality. Without a doubt, the air defense, built on the "Daggers", one 100-mm gun and two "Kortik" air defense missile systems are much stronger than the "Osa" air defense system and a pair of 76-mm gun mounts. In addition, on the ships of the project 11540, strike weapons were envisaged in the form of eight anti-ship missiles "Uran", which the project 1135 did not have at all (the ability of the "Rastrub-B" to shoot at ships is still a palliative). In addition, on the ships of the "Fearless" class appeared something that was so lacking in the project 1135 - a hangar and a helipad.
The price for the helicopter and versatility was the increase in displacement by 755 tons and a certain weakening of anti-submarine weapons. On the one hand, due to the installation of a more modern and powerful SJC MGK-365 "Zvezda-M1" (and a helicopter), the search capabilities of "Neustrashimy" have significantly improved, but at the same time, instead of four PLURs, eight torpedo tubes and two bombers, the ship received six PLURs " Waterfall-NK "and one bomb launcher.
Such a replacement does not seem to be equal. First, the absence of 533-mm torpedoes deprives the ship of a very powerful anti-submarine weapon just at the ranges at which its SAC is able to detect enemy submarines. Of course, instead of part of the PLUR "Fearless" can use torpedoes, but in this case, the total ammunition of the PLUR and torpedoes has decreased by half, which, in general, is not too happy. And secondly, the author of this article has come across opinions that Vodopad-NK has one very significant drawback, in comparison with other systems for launching PLUR.
The fact is that the same "Rastrub-B" works like this - after launch, the PLUR flies "on a rocket", that is, from the moment it leaves the launcher and until it "arrives" at the location of the enemy submarine, the PLUR is in the air. At the same time, the Vodopada-NK PLUR is thrown into the sea, like a torpedo, the rocket engines start when the PLUR is in the water, the ammunition “emerges” and then follows to the target like the Rastruba PLUR. It seems to be - what's the difference, but the nuance is that, in contrast to the "dry" start of the "Trumpet", the "wet" start of the PLUR "Vodopad-NK" makes a lot of noise and the submarine's HAC is perfectly audible. Thus, the crew of a nearby submarine (and the range of the Vodopad-NK PLUR is up to 50 km) understood that it was attacked and could start retaliatory actions (maneuvering, launching false targets, etc.). The author cannot say how fair such a claim to "Waterfall-NK" is (not a professional), but such an opinion exists.
But in general, the concept of ships of Project 11540 looks very successful - if, of course, we consider them as a means of naval warfare in the near sea zone. Moderate displacement (and price) allow for large-scale construction. Quite good ASW capabilities make ships of this type a very useful tool for ensuring the combat stability of our SSBNs in the areas of their deployment - in cooperation with anti-submarine aviation and MAPLs and diesel-electric submarines, of course. Air defense is incapable of repelling a massive raid of modern aviation - well, even missile cruisers are powerless against such raids. But these ships are quite capable of protecting themselves from an attack by one or two planes, helicopters or cruise missiles, which allows them to be used where massive raids are not expected, but an air threat still exists. The strike capabilities of Project 11540 ships do not amaze the imagination, but eight "Uranians" represent a completely ultimatum argument in a "dispute" with corvettes or missile boats, and it is simply pointless to assign the task of fighting aircraft carrier groups to ships of such a small displacement. The ships of Project 11540 turned out to be very successful, and one can only regret that only the Fearless and Yaroslav the Wise were added to our fleet.
Thus, as of December 1, 2015, we had two ships of the "frigate" class laid down during the Soviet era - all the other ships of this class were already on the slipway in the Russian Federation.
Frigates of project 11356 - 3 units
Standard displacement - 3 620 tons, speed - 30 knots, armament: UKSK "Caliber-NK" for 8 missiles, SAM "Shtil-1" PU for 24 missiles, 2 * 2,533-mm torpedo tubes, RBU-6000, 1 * 1 100-mm gun mount A-190, 2 * 6 30-m AK-630.
These ships are a direct continuation of the line of very successful domestic TFR project 1135, developed by the Northern Design Bureau (Northern Design Bureau), or rather, its modification 1135.1 "Nereus". It was like this - the KGB of the USSR wanted to get a patrol boat to protect the maritime borders of the Soviet Union, and the choice fell on the SKR project 1135. As a result of the modernization, the PLUR launcher was removed, and a 100-mm artillery system was placed in its place. The 76mm aft cannons were also removed, replaced by the hangar and helipad.
Later, as the basis for the design of a frigate capable of operating in the ocean, the Severnoye PKB used the "Nereus". This frigate was originally intended for export, India liked it, as a result, the fleet of our strategic partner was replenished with six Talwar-class frigates.
And this is where the riddles begin. It seems that the Talvar-class frigates got quite decent opportunities in terms of searching for enemy submarines - the underkeeping GAS APSOH and the towed SSN-137. Why "like"? According to some reports, the towed GAS was not installed on these ships, there is only room for the SSN-137. And if the “other data” are correct, then, taking into account the rather average, for today, the capabilities of the subtle GAS APSOH, the anti-submarine capabilities of the Talvar are very small. As the main armament, the Talvars carry a launcher for 8 Club (Caliber) missiles, but it is not known whether the customers purchased missile-torpedoes for them, or whether the Indians are guided by an exclusively strike option.
In general, there is a feeling that in Talvars there was a departure from an anti-submarine ship to a strike frigate with strong air defense, which is provided by one Shtil-1 beam complex and two Kashtan air defense systems, which are an export version of the Kortik air defense system. In combination with 8 "Calibers" or "Brahmos" the Indians turned out to be a very formidable fighter.
But - for India, because its main adversary at sea is Pakistan, the largest surface ships of which - the frigates of types 21 and 22P, are inferior to the Talwars in terms of the aggregate combat qualities. At the same time, the relatively weak anti-submarine armament of Indian ships (not the best GAS and 2 * 2 torpedo tubes with ammunition load of 16 very ancient SET-65E torpedoes and RBU-6000 bomb launcher) is to some extent compensated by the fact that Pakistan's submarine fleet is based on Diesel-electric submarines of a rather middle-aged French project "Agosta". Although everything is unclear here - Indian frigates will serve for more than one decade, and the same Pakistan was going to acquire much more advanced German submarines of the 212A type … The situation with the opposition to the Chinese fleet is somewhat more complicated, but in general, the Talwar are quite capable against the background of Chinese destroyers and frigates, and a powerful attack carrier-based aircraft capable of effectively destroying surface ships of any class, China has not yet acquired, and it is not known when it will succeed.
At the same time, the capabilities of the Talvar for the tasks of the Russian Navy cannot be considered sufficient. The extremely important anti-submarine function was "cut off", and the strike capabilities and air defense do not allow counting on success in the confrontation with the AUG of the "sworn friends".
The construction of these ships for the Russian Navy was not envisaged, but then, when it became clear that the rate of replenishment of the fleet with corvettes of project 20380 and frigates of project 22350 was extremely far from expected, it was decided to build a series of six such ships to replenish the Baltic and Black Sea fleets - 3 ships each to each. But then it was decided that all six ships of this project will go to the Black Sea fleet.
Of course, it was not very good to simultaneously build frigates of two different types for our fleet (together with ships of Project 22350), but nevertheless, the advantages of this decision clearly outweighed the disadvantages - the proven technology of Talvar construction seemed to guarantee their timely entry into service. It must be said that we could not simply reproduce the Talvars for the Russian Navy - the Indian export frigates were partially equipped with foreign equipment, which we had to replace with domestic ones, so the “Indian” project was subject to revision in any case. And we finally have the opportunity to create a ship that can not only support, but even increase the glory of its "ancestor" - SKR project 1135. Unlike the Indians, who received a series of universal ships, focused primarily on strike functionality and air defense, we needed a universal frigate, whose main feature was to be anti-submarine warfare. Alas … it didn't work out. By and large, project 11356 is a development of the 90s of the last century, and is not at the forefront of scientific and technological progress today. Well, so it was all the more important to pay close attention to the armament and equipment of the ship, improving it if possible and thereby increasing the combat capabilities of the domestic frigate. Instead, the "smaller number, cheaper price" economy seems to have prevailed.
As a result, the domestic ships of the "admiral series" (all frigates of project 11356 received the names of admirals of the Russian fleet) received, it seems, the weakest GAS of all modern surface ships of the Russian Federation (who has it, of course) - MGK-335M-03, which in its own capabilities were inferior even to the "Talvar" GAS APSOH, and the towed GAS was not received at all. With such equipment, even the possibility of countering German-built Turkish boats (type 209) looks somewhat doubtful, and even to look for the latest atomic American and non-nuclear European submarines in the Mediterranean Sea …
There is an opinion that the UKSK cannot use missile-torpedoes for the Caliber missiles of Project 11356 frigates, but it is most likely mistaken. But to use "Onyx", "admirals" seem to be really incapable, therefore, there is a question about promising hypersonic missiles. PLUR family "Caliber" "Admiral's series", most likely, can, but is there much sense in this in the presence of such a weak GAS? The main problem of the “ancestor” of the “admirals”, project 1135, is the presence of a “long arm” in the form of “Trumpet-B”, in the absence of a “keen eye”, i.e. somewhat "long-range" hydroacoustic complex. And now, after so many years, we almost to the same extent reproduce this problem on the domestic frigates of Project 11356.
The installation of the outdated GAK could be understood if something more modern was missing, but by 2010 we already had new complexes of the Zarya-2 and Zarya-3 type installed on the project 20380 corvettes and 22350 frigates, respectively, and representing the next generation of sonar stations. Or were they afraid that Zarya had not yet been brought up to standard (if they had not been brought up at that time)? But at least the towed "Vignette" who prevented the delivery? The only thing that somewhat smoothes this situation is the presence of a helicopter, but in general, the anti-submarine capabilities of Project 11356 frigates are obviously disappointing.
Air defense. Here, too, not everything is simple. On the one hand, many fans of the navy breathed a sigh of relief when they saw a vertical launch system instead of an obsolete single-beam anti-aircraft missile launcher. But the ammunition load remained the same - 24 missiles, so the gain was only in the speed of their launch (which, no doubt, is very important). At the same time, instead of the ZRAK "Kortik", or at least the ZAK "Broadsword", which one would expect, the frigate received only a couple of "metal cutters" AK-630M. And this is also completely incomprehensible.
On the one hand, yes, indeed, the Kortik anti-aircraft missile and artillery system was criticized for the fact that it often “did not have time” to fire from machine guns what was not shot down by anti-aircraft guided missiles, therefore the opinion prevailed that the combination of AK-630 and SAM "Dagger" is better than SAM "Kortik". But there is no "Dagger" on frigates of Project 11356! The basis of the ship's air defense is the Shtil-1 medium-range air defense system, but these are still slightly different complexes and their tasks are also different. In principle, the ZRAK "Kortik" (and on later ships, if you dream, "Pantsir-M"), according to their capabilities, would very organically complement the ZRK "Shtil-1". Therefore, the placement of our usual AK-630M instead of the ZRAK, from the point of view of the author, can only be explained by petty savings.
In general, despite all of the above, the frigates of Project 11356 turned out to be quite good ships and, of course, became a long-awaited replenishment for the Russian Navy. But it is very disappointing that due to the completely inappropriate, "three-penny" savings on weapons and equipment, they do not fully reveal their potential.
As you know, three ships of this type were accepted into the Russian Navy: "Admiral Grigorovich", "Admiral Essen" and "Admiral Makarov" will not receive. To this day, the fate of these three ships remains unclear. Nevertheless, the bmpd blog reported in June 2017 that it had been decided to complete the project 11356 frigates with domestic gas turbine installations. I must say that the new power plant has its pros and cons.
The fact is that the original project assumed the use of two gas turbine units М7Н1 with a capacity of 30,450 hp. each. The М7Н1 unit consisted of two gas turbine units (GTU) - one with a capacity of 8,450 hp. for the economic course and the second, "afterburner", with a capacity of 22,000 hp. for full stroke. Thus, on two "economic" turbines, the frigate developed a power of 16,900 hp, and the total power was 60,900 hp.
Now, according to the bmpd blog, they plan to install two gas turbine units on the ships, each of which consists of two M70FRU gas turbines with the same power of 14,000 hp. Thus, the economic course will be carried out with a turbine power of 28,000 hp.., and full speed - at 56,000 hp. What can you say about this? The maximum speed of the frigates will not "sag" much, but the economic speed will increase - however, no doubt, the cruising range with Russian gas turbines will drop - the high power of two M70FRUs will lead to increased fuel consumption. Be that as it may, the completion of the second troika of frigates 11356 for the Russian Navy can only be welcomed. It remains to be hoped that since the three unfinished ships of this project will still be redesigned, there will be room for both the Pantsirey-M and the latest hydroacoustic complexes, although, of course, this is insane optimism. A long break in construction, new engines and the adaptation of ships to them obviously lead to an increase in the cost of building frigates, and in this regard, one should expect not additional costs for improving weapons, but all-round savings.
Project 22350 frigates - 0 units.
Displacement - 4,500 tons, speed - 30 knots, armament - 2 * 8 UVP for missiles of the "Caliber" / "Onyx" family, 4 * 8 UVP SAM "Redut", 2 * 4 324-mm torpedo tubes "Packet-NK", 1 * 1 130-mm AU A-192M, 2 ZAK "Broadsword".
The history of the creation of frigates of this project has been described many times and it makes no sense to repeat it again. We only note that the project 22350 was for some time considered by the command of the fleet as the main ship of the oceanic zone, designed to replace the destroyers and large anti-submarine ships of the USSR fleet. The fallacy of this concept stemmed from the hope of getting a cheap universal ocean-going ship in the dimensions of a frigate, which, alas, is impossible.
In the early 2000s, Severnoye PKB created project 21956, which is a destroyer with a total displacement of about 9,000 tons (the standard displacement is not reported, but by analogy with the same "Admiral Chabanenko" it can be assumed that it was at the level of 7,500 tons). The ship was to receive armament from 16 anti-ship missiles or other missiles of the Caliber family and 48 Fort-M launchers, as well as eight 533-mm torpedo tubes (with the possibility of launching the Caliber-PLE PLUR), single or double-barreled 130 -mm gun mount, two ZRAK "Kortik" and a hangar for two helicopters.
Of course, it was impossible to "stuff" such weapons into the "frigate" standard displacement of 4,500 tons, so they had to make sacrifices. Despite the use of a much lighter and more compact Redut air defense system, the number of launchers was reduced to 32. Formally, the Project 22350 frigate carries the same strike armament, 16 launchers for the Caliber / Onyx missiles, but in practice this is not the case. because the frigate had to abandon the 533-mm torpedo tubes in favor of the 324-mm "Packet-NK".
It must be said that "Packet-NK" is a very serious weapon system, but nevertheless its torpedoes are primarily anti-torpedo ammunition. It can also be used to destroy a submarine, but against it it is a "last chance" weapon, ie. in the case when an enemy submarine is suddenly discovered a few kilometers from the ship. With all the advantages of the "Packet-NK" ammunition, their range and speed, of course, are completely incomparable with "full-fledged" 533-mm torpedoes.
As a result, in order to be able to effectively act against enemy submarines, the Project 22350 frigate will have to occupy part of its 16 mines with rocket-torpedoes, but the destroyer of Project 21956? Having "large-caliber" torpedoes and without this, it remained a formidable enemy for the submarine.
But perhaps the most important advantage of the Project 21956 destroyer over the Project 22350 frigate is its seaworthiness and cruising range - at 18.5 knots of economic progress, the destroyer is able to pass almost 1.5 times more than a frigate at 14 knots. In terms of these capabilities, the Project 21956 destroyer is quite comparable to the American Arleigh Burkes. This means, for example, that the destroyer 21956 is able to accompany a moving AUG - a nuclear aircraft carrier, of course, can break away from our destroyer, but then it needs to abandon its escort. But the frigate of project 22350 is incapable of this. In addition, in peacetime, the policy of the Russian Federation requires the presence of its warships in order to display the flag in various regions of the world ocean, and a destroyer for this (due to its large size and autonomy) is, of course, better adapted than a frigate. And this is not to mention the fact that a gas-gas turbine power plant was provided on the destroyer of project 21956 without the use of diesel engines, which domestic manufacturers turn out to be very capricious.
Nevertheless, and with all of the above, Project 22350 frigates would be a welcome addition, because the fleet today desperately needs ships of all classes. Unfortunately, the lead "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov", founded on February 1, 2006, after 12 (!) Years of construction, is still not in service. It is well known that it became part of the Russian Navy for a long time, if not for the problems with the Poliment-Redut system (which is a symbiosis of the Poliment radar and the Redut air defense missile system).
As you know, the Redut air defense system is a "chilled" version of the S-350 "Vityaz", a medium-range anti-aircraft missile system that uses, among other things, missiles with an active homing head. Both of these complexes should have entered the troops and the navy long ago, the same Vityaz was expected back in 2012, but alas … It seemed that in the second half of 2017, the “light at the end of the tunnel” nevertheless appeared: according to the general designer Aerospace defense, "Almaz-Antey" by Pavel Sozinov, state tests of the S-350 "Vityaz" should finally be completed in 2017. And in 2018 they were already going to "promote" it for export.
Alas, 2017 is already behind us, and the S-350 has not finished state tests. It is clear that its naval version, "Redoubt", is even more complicated, therefore … On February 3, 2018, the president of USC Alexei Rakhmanov told reporters, literally, the following:
“The commission, which was investigating the reasons for the unsuccessful launches, finished its work. All the main technical improvements that need to be done have been identified, but further colleagues need time, I believe that it can be a couple of months - until, probably, mid-end of March, in order to carry out the necessary test firing. After which, I believe, the next round of state tests will be planned."
The USC President also expressed the hope that the "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov" will enter service before the end of summer 2018. Alas, there are certain doubts about this, and this is not only about the Redut air defense system or the Poliment radar. According to the highly respected resource flotprom.ru, the Kolomna diesel engines installed on the Gorshkov distinguished themselves - one of them broke down on December 23, 2017, and repair work is being carried out directly in the engine room. Separate parts of the engine are sent to Kolomna to be revised and repaired, and, if necessary, replaced. The crankshaft parts are also to be sent to the factory. According to sources, it is still not necessary to completely "remove" the diesel from the ship, cutting through the side, but … well, let's hope for the best.
Of course, sooner or later, the "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov" will still go into operation - not in 2018, so in 2019, but with the subsequent ships of the series, the situation is more complicated - due to Ukraine's refusal to supply us with gas turbine units, we were left without new ships. For some reason, in a country that is talking about the creation of high-tech industries, and which was going to build dozens of corvettes and frigates, no one bothered to create high-quality diesel engines and its own gas turbine production. The fleet learned the "wisdom" of this decision in full - now work on the creation of its own gas turbines is in full swing, but still their production in the coming years will be very limited.
According to GPV 2011-2020, the fleet should have included 6 frigates of project 11356 and 8 frigates of project 22350, in fact, in 2018 we have only 3 frigates of project 11356 in service. build during GPV 2018-2025. As for the Gorshkovs, on May 4, 2016 S. K. Shoigu said that by 2025 the fleet should receive 6 such ships, but, apparently, plans have changed again. The fact is that today four ships of this type are in different stages of construction and completion - in fact, the Gorshkov itself, and three more frigates, laid down in 2009, 2012 and 2013, respectively. More ships of this type were not laid, and there are no rumors about their imminent start of construction.
But there was information about a certain "Super-Gorshkov", or Project 22305M frigate. It seems that the leadership of the country and the fleet has abandoned attempts to "ram the unstuffed" into a minimum displacement, and the only thing that is known about the new project is that it will be significantly larger than the frigates currently under construction. The full displacement of the "Gorshkovs" is indicated at 5,400 tons, while the same figure for the 22350M project should be … and here the intrigue begins. According to the first data on the 22350M project, its total displacement will be 1, 1 thousand tons more than that of the "Gorshkov" and will be 6,500 tons. Later, there was information that the total displacement of the new ship would be from 6,500 to 8,000 tons In the summer of 2017, Vice-Admiral Viktor Bursuk, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy for Armaments, during the International Maritime Defense Show in St. Petersburg said that the displacement of frigate 22350M would be "about 8,000 tons." Thus, we see that the 22350M project is gradually developing towards growth to the size of a full-fledged destroyer.
There is a photo circulating on the Internet (possibly!) Showing a model of the "Super-Gorshkov".
Judging by the proportions, this ship is comparable in size to the destroyer of Project 21956, which we talked about above. A moment of glory - that a ship like the destroyer of project 21956 is much better suited to our fleet than small frigates of project 22350, we wrote in detail in August 2016 in the article "The Russian Navy Shipbuilding Program, or a Very Bad Foreboding (part 3)" and the author I am very glad that the RF Ministry of Defense ultimately came to the same conclusions.
Nevertheless, the situation for the next ten to fifteen years remains extremely depressing. Because as of December 1, 2015, we had 19 destroyers and 2 frigates still of the Soviet bookmark, including:
BOD project 1155 and 1155.1 - 9 units;
Destroyers of project 956 - 8 units;
BOD project 1134B - 1 unit;
SKR project 01090 (in the past - BOD project 61) - 1 unit;
SKR project 11540 - 2 units.
And in total - 21 ships, of which by 2030, at best, there will be 7 BODs of Project 1155, "Admiral Chabanenko" of Project 1155.1 and 2 SKR of Project 11540, which we described at the beginning of the article. At the same time, until 2025 and taking into account the delivered in 2016-2018. ships, at best, we will receive 6 frigates of project 11356 and 4 frigates of project 22350. It seems to be not so bad - if you just forget that the frigates of the "admiral" series are not at all equal to a destroyer or anti-submarine ship, but only descendants of patrol ships of Project 1135, that is, these are ships of a class lower than the Soviet BOD and destroyers, and it is impossible to consider them as some kind of full-fledged replacement. And if we forget about the unreliable Kolomna diesel engines of Project 22350 frigates …
And what about the newest frigates of Project 22350M? Generally speaking, it is they who will have to become the ships that can replace today's BODs and destroyers, but … As of today, none of these ships has been contracted. there are no contracts for their construction. Worse, even the 22350M project as such, in general, does not exist. And so that it was finally clear at what stage the work on the 22350M project is now, we will quote the press service of the United Shipbuilding Corporation dated July 3, 2017. In their words:
"preliminary study of the appearance of the frigate of project 22350M. The Ministry of Defense has not yet approved the appearance of the ship, from which it follows that individual characteristics, including displacement and also the composition of the power plant, have not yet been determined."
That is, in fact, by the middle of last year, not that the project, but even the terms of reference for the project was not formed. And when all this will be, and when the first frigates (in fact - destroyers) of the 22350M project will stand on the slipway - is completely unknown.
