In April 2012, the site, in the article "Armored car" Punisher "Four-wheeled riddle", already provided information about this car. However, then, due to the lack of information, it was necessary to make guesses from the available photos and layouts. And now the veil of secrecy has been lifted.
On the sidelines of the Likhachev Automobile Plant, there has been talk about this car for a long time. It was said that a special forces vehicle was being created in the design bureau with a mind-boggling design. But no one really had the details. I had to wait, and wait long enough until the taboo was lifted from the car.
It should be noted right away that the presented sample is not a full-fledged car, suitable for operation and testing. This is a running mock-up, or, if you like, a concept car, which was created to work out on a real scale layout solutions, functional capabilities, including issues of quick landing of a fully equipped crew. Therefore, you need to immediately discount the fact that here the "armor" is imitated by plywood sheets, and the bulletproof glass is replaced with ordinary plexiglass …
Doors are designed with the ability to quickly evacuate soldiers
The layout of the rear seat row is clearly visible (the third seat in the row has not yet been installed)
Look at the salon through the aft doorway. Aft doors from the saloon when closed
On the front panel there are monitors for front and rear view cameras. Front view cameras are disguised in the front of the car
However, it was impossible to do without such a plywood intermediate sample - during the design process, so many new ideas were put into the machine that before starting serious design, you need to check how all this will work in practice.
In 2008, the Likhachev automobile plant, with the financial and support of the Moscow government represented by Yu. M. Luzhkov began to develop a project of an armored multipurpose four-wheel drive (4x4) vehicle with a carrying capacity of 2.5 tons for special units of the armed forces and law enforcement agencies (FSB, OMON, and so on). It was required to create a car that would be as simple and technologically advanced as possible, had many flat surfaces that simplify booking, but at the same time had external forms "with individual expressiveness" to emphasize its purpose.
The design project of the car, which is a bit like the legendary ZIL-131, was proposed by Lev Samokhin. In August-October 2008, during the elaboration of the preliminary design, a landing model was built. In terms of the layout of the main units, this machine did not differ from similar designs of other manufacturers (IVECO-LМV, "Tiger" and others) and was as close as possible to the production capabilities of the plant. Meanwhile, the project had one "highlight" - in one of the options for the layout of the internal space, the soldiers are placed facing the windows and backs to each other. This makes it easier to carry out circular observation and use personal weapons. Soon, this idea became the main one, and subsequent versions were already created around it.
In an attempt to give the car new properties, there was a desire to create something fundamentally new. One of the priority areas is the “stealth” of the vehicle for the means of destruction. Therefore, they began to put forward new requirements for the car: a low silhouette and minimal dimensions (smaller dimensions make it difficult to hit); radio transparency (the use of radio-transparent composite materials and shielding); low noise and minimal heat generation (use of a hybrid power plant) and so on. These ideas directly intersected with the Stealth aircraft technology, and therefore, the car needed to be shaped accordingly.
At this stage, a new design project emerged, which was carried out in the Sahakyan-Design studio by Svyatoslav Sahakyan and Andrey Chirkov. The basis was the Potekhin concept and the general layout, which was developed by the deputy director for development of AMO ZIL - project manager of the engineering company Oshurkov Sergey. The layout and placement of the units was carried out by the leading design engineer Andrei Stepanov. The administrator and driving force of the project was the deputy. Chief Designer ZIL Mazepa Vladimir Grigorievich.
The new project, with its originality and uniqueness, bribed everyone, even despite some layout flaws. He soon became dominant. At the same time, work on the machine according to Samokhin's project was not abandoned, but was carried out in parallel, starting to build a chassis for it with an original independent link suspension with air springs.
Sahakyan's project made it possible to create a well-protected vehicle, with enhanced mine protection, made according to the principles of Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP), when the body is raised high above the ground and has a wedge-shaped bottom, and anti-explosive ergonomic seats for the crew reduce the impact of a shock wave, explosion under the bottom or wheel of the car due to installation on sliding couplings with attachment to the vertical elements of body structures. In this case, the seats have an additional function - when the backs are folded, a flat cargo space is created, which serves to accommodate ammunition or additional equipment. If necessary, it can serve to transport wounded soldiers in a recumbent position.
The vehicle is capable of carrying 11 people (driver, commander and 9 troops). Troopers in the back face are located to the hinged doors. 6 seats (3 each) are facing the sides, and the back row - back. Large double and triple doors open in front of the drop seats. On the sidewalls, the upper glazed part first opens (it is convenient to fire from the car in this position, like from a bunker - the sides of the car are protected by the shooter, and the angle of firing increases significantly in comparison with a conventional loophole), and the lower part with the following movement, forming a wide gangway … The open doors can be used as footrests to accommodate shooters while the vehicle is in motion. To close the lower doors, you need to pull on the cable holding it, and then click the door into place, grabbing the handle.
True, here everything has not been worked out to the end, since the mass of the door leaves after booking will certainly increase, and it cannot be closed by simply pulling the cable. The most optimal solution that suggests itself is the use of a cable system with counterweights or energy accumulators in the form of springs, which facilitate the process of closing the doors.
The machine, with its memorable and unusual appearance, turned out to be surprisingly technologically advanced - perfectly flat body panels greatly facilitate production and booking, and a decrease in the area of the panels directed perpendicular to the direction of fire greatly increases the chances of survival during a battle. The frightening-looking front part was made specifically at the request of the Federal Security Service of Russia, who were the first to become interested in the project and asked to give it such an appearance so that the car, by its very appearance, would prevent any attempts to resist.
Ready chassis 3IL-3901S1 (sample No. 2)
The fuel tank is located aft between the narrowed frame side members
All vital vehicle systems are hidden inside the frame
Independent link suspension of the ZIL-3901SZ chassis (sample No. 3)
The body of the sample No. 2 in the process of assembly. The attachment of the seats through the bushings to the vertical elements of the body structure is clearly visible
Transfer case ZF
Rear axle. It is clearly seen that all car systems are hidden inside the narrowed frame (fuel tank, brake receivers, etc.)
Front axle. Please note that the engine is significantly shifted back relative to the front axle and is almost completely in the cab of the machine.
The original layout of the machine units is also interesting. All its important systems are retracted inside the narrowed frame (between the vertical flanges of the side members the width is 800 mm, for the standard Zilovskaya frame it is 865 mm), and from the unprotected outer side there are no not only gas tanks, receivers, batteries, but even footboards. Thanks to this, survivability under fire has improved, as well as the geometric cross-country ability of the car, when the driver can not be afraid to damage vital systems on obstacles on rough terrain. In order to implement the principles of stealth, the project included the possibility of using a hybrid drive, the development of which was planned jointly with the Scientific and Technical Center of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, and in the future it was planned to equip the machine with motor-wheels of RSC Energia. With STC "Multiset" and the Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology, the possibility of using a multi-tex system of electrical equipment was studied.
When creating armored vehicles, the mass issue has traditionally been an intractable issue. Heavy steel armor sometimes reduces the payload to nearly zero. The specialists of AMO ZIL, taking into account the relatively small permissible mass of the car being created (up to 8000 kg), were looking for an alternative to steel armor during the development of the draft design. As a result, in October 2008, contacts were established with CJSC "Fort Tekhnologiya" TsSN FSB, which made it possible to start search work on new methods of protecting vehicles.
In May-September 2009, with the participation of Fort Technologies, a mock-up was built with an eye on booking in class 6a (GOST R50744-95) using the most modern composite armor (ceramics plus highly oriented polyethylene on UD). This armor was created at the Petrov Institute of Plastics.
The most modern units were taken for the running layout: a four-cylinder Cummips engine, a gearbox, a ZF razdatka, "KAMAZ" drive axles, since the ZIL bridges did not fit on the track. In the future, it was planned to use "Zilovsky" bridges with a track extended to 2100 millimeters.
On September 28, 2009, immediately after the construction, the running model was demonstrated to the customers, the Moscow government (originally the Moscow government was the initiator of the project) and Luzhkov, who specially came to the plant on this occasion.
Even at the stage of the draft design, one of the Anti-Terror Departments of the FSB of the Russian Federation showed interest in the prototype. The plant twice held a demonstration of the prototype in which the fighters of this unit in full gear took part. Evaluated the convenience of placement inside, actions in an operational situation, as well as the speed of the landing. Both times the car received a positive assessment, since in terms of its tactical and technical characteristics it turned out to be a cut above similar foreign and domestic designs.
However, questions remained about the first sample. In particular, forward visibility through the windshields, which have a strong slope, turned out to be far from ideal. Although the review met the requirements of GOST, it remained far from ideal.
Over time, the project of an armored special vehicle became for ZIL workers almost the main object in terms of the employment of technologists, designers and the entire experimental workshop. A sample in October 2009 was shown to the first deputy minister of defense - chief of armaments Popovkin V. D., as well as the commander of military unit 93603 MORF. On October 27, 2009, the plant received TTZ from the GABTU of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation for the development of those. project on the topic "Family of tactical vehicles of a new generation of 2000 kg payload class". This assignment provided for the development of two running prototypes: one with a 4x4 wheel arrangement, a total weight of 8000 kg and a dependent suspension (ZIL-3901S2, conditionally sample No. 2): the second with a total weight of 7000 kg with an independent suspension (ZIL-Z901SZ, sample No. 3). Both vehicles must have a bonneted layout and carry a crew of 1 + 9 people. According to the statements of the leadership of the GABTU of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, after the construction of samples No. 2 and 3, the issue of financing the further development of this topic will be considered.
The layout of the fighters. The landing party is located in the back facing the folding doors
In accordance with this decision, during 2010, the development of new samples was carried out at UKER ZIL. At present, the construction of the chassis for model No. 2 has been fully completed and the body of a new design has been built by 50 percent. The new body retained the basic ideas of the first sample, in particular, ladder doors. For project No. 3, a chassis with an independent suspension with air springs was almost completely made, here the developments of Lev Samokhin were very useful.
In the summer of 2012, for the first vehicle "Fort Tekhnologiya" and AMO ZIL received a patent for an industrial design, registering an innovative design, which is based on the simultaneous development of the concept of accommodating crew members, mine protection in other design and technological solutions.
Technical characteristics of the multifunctional off-road vehicle 3IL-3901S1 (4x4):
Carrying capacity - 2500 kg;
One-volume body capacity - 11 people;
Gross weight - 8000 kg;
The mass of the equipped sample (without armor) - 4570 kg;
Engine:
-type - Cummins 4 ISBe E3. Turbo diesel engine;
- number of cylinders - J-1;
- working volume - 4460 cm3;
-maximum power - 150 hp;
-maximum torque - 548, 8 N • m
Clutch - Zf Sachs, model Mf 362 with pneumatic booster;
Transmission - Zf SS • 42.5 speed;
The maximum speed on paved roads is 100-120 km / h;
The maximum ascent overcome by the car is not less than 31 degrees;
Wheelbase - 3800 mm;
Track - 2100 mm;
Width - no more than 2400 mm;
Height - no more than 2450 mm;
Length - 6000 mm;
Distance from the supporting surfaces of the wheels to the upper flanges of the frame side members - 1000 mm;
Overhang angle (front / rear) - not less than 450/450;
Wheels of dimension - 12.00 R20.
