Bearing in mind the failures and problems associated with the implementation of the state armament program adopted for the period from 2006 to 2015, the Russian government intends to invest significant funds not only in the purchase of modern military equipment, but above all in the modernization of the country's defense-industrial complex. The main directions of modernization will be: renewal of the existing production base, rejuvenation of personnel, financing of promising design and research work. More than three trillion rubles will be allocated from the country's budget to carry out all the planned activities.
Within the framework of the state armament program for the period from 2006 to 2015, it was planned to allocate five trillion rubles to the defense industry, but for some reason the investment of the bulk of the funds envisaged was planned for the period of the second five-year plan. As a result, the program failed, and the government, after only five years from the beginning of its operation, was forced to adopt a new one.
The fact that the government decided to modernize the military-industrial complex, which suffered noticeably in the crisis 1990s, became known from the report to the State Duma on the activities of the government for the period of 2010, presented by Vladimir Putin. In his report, the prime minister pointed out that in order to carry out modernization, it is necessary to adopt an effective federal target program, for the implementation of which the government is ready to allocate more than three trillion rubles. This money should be spent on promising design and research developments.
In general, from the speech of Vladimir Putin, it became clear to the audience that a huge amount of work had been done in previous years, and there will be even more. Thus, in comparison with the pre-crisis 2007, the total volume of production of military products alone increased by almost one and a half times. Considering the adoption of the new state armaments program for 2011-2020, one can expect a significant increase in production volumes, which, however, is not surprising given the planned budget funding from the Ministry of Defense of 19 trillion rubles.
It should also be noted that the FTP for the modernization of the domestic defense industry, as well as the state armaments program, remain mysterious documents and, moreover, secret. Their exact parameters are unknown - officials and the military previously talked about them only in the most general terms, for example, we will buy so many ships and aircraft, ballistic missiles and anti-aircraft missile systems, but which ones and at what price, with accuracy and certainty, no one told …
The program in question was presented back in the fall of 2010 by the Russian Ministry of Defense for consideration by the government, but in early December the program was returned for revision. In a commentary on the program, Vladimir Putin pointed out to Anatoly Serdyukov about the need to make changes as soon as possible. First of all, this was due to the fact that the government was in a hurry to submit the program for signature to the president before the end of the year. But, despite all the requirements, it is obvious that Serdyukov's department did not cope with the task in time, since the document was received for signature by President Dmitry Medvedev only on January 18, 2011. The President approved the program and, accordingly, gave the go-ahead for financing long-term military contracts, but within the time frame and taking into account the forecasted volumes laid down in the draft state financing program.
But at the same time, at the big speech of Vladimir Popovkin, the first deputy minister of defense of Russia, held on February 24, 2011, to reporters, many were surprised by the news that the program was signed by President Medvedev on December 31, 2010 and is already in operation. A similar situation, obviously, has developed around the widely advertised federal target program aimed at modernizing the defense industry. Sergei Ivanov, Deputy Prime Minister of Russia, spoke about the FTP in February 2011, however, during the introductory message, he did not disclose its scope. Ivanov then said that the program should be adopted by the government in the coming months. Vladimir Putin, on the other hand, during his speech in the State Duma was so convincing that it seemed that the program had already been not only adopted, but was in effect.
According to the program, the modernization of the domestic defense industry will be carried out in three main directions. First, the renewal of production; second, investment in R&D; third, the rejuvenation of the frame. For the most part, the Russian Prime Minister did not elaborate on the topic of the third indicated direction, but only indicated that the staff of the defense industry complex had already begun to "gradually rejuvenate." In particular, Vladimir Putin said: “Young people have gone to the defense industry. We were able to reverse the trend of “aging” staff. Recently, there has been a decrease in the average age of those employed at the defense industry enterprises, scientific and design centers."
First of all, the need to rejuvenate the staff of the Russian defense industry is associated with the impossibility of creating something completely new, not based on design developments carried out back in the USSR. Many employees of design and research centers reject all innovations and sometimes become an impassable barrier to innovation, this is often due to their outdated vision of the situation. For example, one of the general designers of the Rubin Central Design Bureau, which designs strategic submarines, is Igor Baranov, who will celebrate his 79th anniversary this year. And there are many such examples, only official statistics are missing. Obviously, in order to rejuvenate the personnel, which Putin is planning, the country will need to work in an enhanced mode. After all, this task is essentially complex, which includes, for example, the organization of professional training not only for engineers, but also for electricians, locksmiths, turners and workers of other involved specialties. The level of salaries in this sector must also be high in order to attract ambitious youth to the enterprises of the defense industry.
But the prime minister spoke in some detail about the modernization of the defense industry and the amount of R&D funding. In particular, over the next ten years it is planned to spend more than 200 billion rubles on R&D. In October 2010, information was published that the Ministry of Defense intends to spend 115 billion rubles on research and development, in 2012 this amount will be 131 billion, and in 2013 it will increase to 186 billion rubles. Obviously, the amount promised by the government under the federal target program, except as negligible, cannot be called, given that a period of ten years is indicated for its expenditure.
In general, the total amount of financing for the modernization of the Russian defense industry will amount to more than three trillion rubles. Putin did not disclose details about the sources of the money. At the same time, at the end of March 2011, Sergei Ivanov said that the volume of allocation of the planned funds was finalized: 60% of the planned amount will be allocated from the state budget, and the remaining 40% - from the funds of the defense industry enterprises themselves. The priority is the rocket and space sphere. According to Vladimir Putin, from 2013 the production of modern missile systems in Russia should double.
An interdepartmental working group specially created in December 2010 will be engaged in the modernization of the defense industry complex. The group was headed by Sergei Ivanov. The new state body includes representatives of Roskosmos, Rosatom, Rostekhnologii, the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Economic Development, the Security Council, the Federal Tariff Service, as well as the heads of the defense committees of the State Duma and the Federation Council …
After Prime Minister Putin's speech in the State Duma, many deputies had a completely logical question - will the presented federal target program actually achieve all its goals? Talking about how you can really raise the defense industry, the prime minister said: "Certain innovative technologies and modern samples can obviously be purchased abroad, even more so, it is necessary. But we must understand that no one will sell us the latest generation of equipment and modern technologies. We ourselves do not exhibit everything we have for export to the world arms market."
After uttering these words, Vladimir Putin explained: “I believe that the funds allocated from the country's defense budget should not, of course, go abroad. high level and quality jobs . In other words, money has been allocated, specific tasks have been set, be so kind as to fulfill them.
The state armaments program, adopted for 2011-2020, implies the allocation of significant funds for the purchase of modern foreign equipment. In particular, funds will be allocated for the purchase of two Mistral-class amphibious helicopter-carrying dock ships from France. In addition, the same France plans to purchase a limited batch of equipment for infantrymen with a loud name - FELIN.
Talking about the state defense order, the Russian prime minister indicated that the amount of funding is planned to be distributed as follows: the Russian Ministry of Defense will pay 80% of military orders during the first half of the year, and leave the remaining 20% for the second, this will be a kind of incentive for work. The reason why it was impossible to do this with the state armaments program adopted for 2011-2020, Putin did not voice.
It should be noted that all sorts of delays in terms are generally characteristic of the Russian Ministry of Defense. Very often, defense industry enterprises are faced with a problem when agreements within the framework of the state defense order for the current year are often concluded no earlier than in the second quarter of the year, and they have to work in an enhanced mode in order to have time to fulfill the signed contracts on time. However, the military does not see any serious shortcomings in the current state of affairs - the negotiation process, as a rule, is complicated by the proposal and agreement of the cost, as well as the equipment assembly, and this leads to the late signing of contracts, and it is obvious that this is not the fault only the Ministry of Defense.
At the same time, the constantly arising disputes regarding the quality and, most importantly, the modernity of the supplied military products have intensified in recent years. Just what is the unpleasant statement of Alexander Postnikov, commander-in-chief of the Russian Ground Forces, about the T-90 tanks. According to Putin, the difficulties associated with the constant disputes between the Defense Ministry and the defense industry about how much and what exactly to buy, do exist. After Vladimir Putin spoke about the dispute between the Defense Ministry and the defense industry, one of the deputies suggested that the Prime Minister ride a T-90 tank. To which Putin replied with dignity: “You know, I haven’t flown anything, I haven’t ridden - in a submarine, on airplanes., modern technology good for fighting. And I also drove tanks."
In general, it turns out that for the real implementation of the plans, the government and the Ministry will have to solve a huge number of complex and complex tasks, including strict control over deadlines, the distribution of funding and, most importantly, the fight against corruption. Only after the solution of these tasks will it be possible to look with confidence into the future of the domestic defense-industrial complex.
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