Voronezh stations are designed to detect and track ballistic and cruise missiles and other aerodynamic objects.
On the Internet and in print, you can find the wrong name for these stations - over-the-horizon or over-the-horizon radar.
Since December 1 of last year, they have become part of the Russian Aerospace Defense Forces.
The main feature of the Voronezh radar station is its high factory readiness.
The first to develop and put into operation a meter-range radar station "Voronezh-M". The next development was the Voronezh-DM radar. The third radar data model is Voronezh-VP.
The first steps towards the creation of radar stations with VZG were taken in 1986 during the creation of the radar station DO "Selenga".
VZG provides installation period for these radar stations no more than 18-24 months.
The stations consist of 23 units of sets of equipment.
Voronezh uses hardware and design solutions that allow assembling a system from a set of ready-made factory assemblies with characteristics that meet the operational and tactical requirements of the installation site. All issues of energy resource management are solved programmatically and technologically. Built-in control and high-tech control system reduce maintenance costs.
Service personnel are accommodated in standardized containers that have a system for ensuring temperature characteristics.
The designers have worked out the range of cabinets - "Voronezh" has 12 types of cabinets, of which the cabinets with transmitting and receiving equipment and the AFD control system are serial. There are 22 non-serial cabinets on the radar station of the Voronezh subsidiary, they were placed in 3 containers, in which the equipment for monitoring temperature characteristics is also installed.
Receiving and transmitting equipment in the "Voronezh" radar station is located in the large antenna complexes of the VZG. They are ready for transport and assembly units.
The installation of these complexes takes place on fast assembly support structures. This leads to the rapid construction of an active antenna pattern. This block-complex assembly reduces losses in the transmission and reception paths, reduces the temperature and, in general, gives a high indicator of the efficiency of the antenna device. In addition, this layout allows for upgrades. Emitters are located at the end of each container.
The radar antenna DO SPRN "Voronezh" uses a method of creating subarrays for reception, which reduces the amount of equipment used without lowering the characteristics of the antenna pattern. The method is implemented on the mutual overlap of sublattices and the use of special amplitude distributions in them.
The stages of the transistor design of the transmitting amplifiers in the AFD interact in a "hot collector" manner. This allows the transmitting equipment to be cooled with "outboard" air coming through the ventilation equipment, which is part of the technical equipment. This "live" ventilation made it possible to abandon the overall thermal stabilization and cooling systems.
The hot air cooling circuit is distributed to all antenna boxes using an integrated air duct system.
The temperature indicators on the end switches of the air ducts of the installed modules are on average no more than 45 degrees. At low temperatures, in winter, the circuit is closed, and warm air is used to heat the antenna boxes. Warm air in the circuit is diluted with cold outside air to maintain a certain temperature.
The equipment of the receiving channels has not only digitization of signals, but also built-in processors for initial digital processing and verification control of the receiving paths. This approach saves computing facilities "Voronezh" and channels for transmitting information, and reduces the loss of processed signals, using digital methods to stabilize the non-identity of the used phased array channels.
Digital signal processing occurs at the carrier output frequency with the following allocation of quadrature elements, which made it possible to qualitatively reduce the loss of processed information.
Computing equipment used for primary and secondary processing is made on a "server" computer with an open architecture of information processing in real time. The computer is unified for all types of promising topics. It has two types of processor cells and 2 buses: the VME bus and the user bus. Constructive computer box - "Euromechanics". The performance of the solution is up to one hundred billion operations per second. The computer has unlimited possibilities for upgrading and expanding. The occupied area is half of a standard cabinet for Voronezh equipment. Consumes 1.5 kW / h. Service is not provided. Guaranteed operating time 80 thousand hours.
Functional and technical control is performed as peripheral coprocessors, which are built into technical equipment, combined with a central coprocessor by a high-speed interface. This made it possible to reduce the volumetric dimensions of the equipment, increase the reliability of the information flow and functional control.
The Voronezh radar station uses programmed regulation of the potential in the sector of responsibility for range, angles and time, the mode of saving consumed resources.
Software adjustment with these modes makes it possible to quickly change the power consumption of the radar station in normal, combat and readiness for combat use modes, to equalize the energy consumption in the working sector of the radar station.
During the installation of the head radar of the DO SPRN "Voronezh-DM" near the city of Armavir, for its power supply, a power line with a total length of more than eight kilometers was extended, communications and roads were built.
At the installation site of the radar, a checkpoint was set up, a BVM, facilities for water intake, an electrical substation, a fire station, and an underground shelter were installed. The premises have been modernly decorated. For the personnel of the radar, they created quite comfortable conditions for living and performing combat missions. For recreation and physical training, there is a training tower, a volleyball court and a hundred-meter course for training fire station personnel. The entire area is lit and fenced around the perimeter. Seedlings of trees and shrubs have been planted.
Since the start of construction, mid-2006, a set of works has been carried out on 58 units of construction projects. Completion of construction - 2009. Contractor - USS No. 7 Spetsstroy RF.
The main characteristics of the radar "Voronezh":
- consumption power: "DM" - 0.7 MW, "VP" - up to 10 MW;
- detection range: "DM" 2500-6000 kilometers, "VP" - 6 thousand kilometers;
- target development: "DM" up to 500 units.
Voronezh series modifications:
- The Voronezh-M early warning radar was built in 2006, designation 77Ya6. It is a low-potential VHF station;
- The Voronezh-DM early warning radar was built in 2011, designation 77Ya6-DM. It is a mid-potential station of the decimeter range;
- The Voronezh-VP early warning radar is planned to be completed in 2012, designation 77Ya6-VP. It is a high-potential broadband station of possibly millimeter-wave range.
Economic indicators of station construction:
- Armavir Voronezh-DM - 2.85 billion rubles;
- Pioneer Voronezh-DM - 4.4 billion rubles;
Location of stations "Voronezh":
- "Voronezh-M" is located in the Leningrad region, since 2009 has been on alert, provides control of the territory from Svalbard to Morocco;
- the head "Voronezh-DM" of 2 modular design, located in the Krasnodar Territory, has been on alert since 2009, provides control of the territory from North Africa to Southern Europe;
- 1st serial "Voronezh-DM", located in the Kaliningrad region, has been on alert since 2011, provides control of the territory of the western direction, duplicates the radar station in Baranovichi;
- "Voronezh-VP", located in the Irkutsk region, in 2012 will take up combat duty, under construction, will provide control of the territory of the southeastern direction, it is planned to install an antenna module in the southern direction (2014).
Planned construction of Voronezh stations:
- "Voronezh-VP" near Pechora in 2015;
- "Voronezh-VP" in the Murmansk region, in 2017;
- "Voronezh-VP" in Azerbaijan, in 2017, taking up combat duty in 2019.
