ZPRK "Patsir-S1" is a development of the project ZPRK "Tunguska-M". Externally, anti-aircraft systems are very similar, but are designed to perform different tasks. ZPRK "Patsir-S1" is intended for air defense of important and strategic objects.
The first developments on the creation of an anti-aircraft complex have been carried out in accordance with the order of the air defense of the Soviet Union for the ROC "Roman" since mid-1990. The cannon-missile anti-aircraft complex was proposed as a short-range system for covering military groupings and S-300 / S-300V complexes. A little later, it is offered by the SV, the Navy, the Airborne Forces. When designing a short-range system, materials from the Tunguska-M 2K22M project were used.
The first prototype of a new complex called "Roman" (Pantsir-C1) was ready by 1994. The following year it was shown for the first time at MAKS-1995. Due to poor financing, the complex was not purchased by the customer. More or less financing of the project began in 2000 - the financing was carried out by the UAE. By 2005, the main customer of the Pantsir-S1 anti-aircraft gun-missile system was the RF Air Force. Today, the need for such a complex is estimated at 100 units. The main tests of the complex took place in 2006-07. Serial production of the Pantsir-C1 complex begins in 2007. It is carried out at the Tula enterprise Shcheglovsky Val. Since 2008, the Pantsir-S1 air defense missile system has been in service with the RF Armed Forces. In the same year, the arrival of the first short-range complexes in the RF Air Force was expected.
The first anti-aircraft missile systems of the Pantsir-S1 DB entered service in the amount of 10 units in the Russian Air Force in the spring of 2010. According to available information, 10 more complexes will be put on alert by 2015. Until 2020, it is planned to provide the RF Armed Forces with a hundred of the Pantsir-S1 air defense missile systems.
As part of the work on the Pantsir-C1 project, according to the ESZKV development program, the following development work is underway to create interspecific complexes:
- Redoubt;
- Pantsir-SM;
- anti-aircraft gun-missile system;
- Shell-C1;
- Gladiator.
Prototypes, Models and Built Instances:
the first prototype - the "Roman" complex, consisting of:
- anti-aircraft armament SAM 2X4 9M311;
- artillery armament of the 2X30mm 2A72 cannon;
- used chassis - Ural-5323-20;
- diesel engine with turbocharging YaMZ-238B 300 hp;
- wheel formula - 8X8 with 2 front steered axles;
- payload up to 16 tons.
ZPRK DB "Pantsir-S1" - basic version (prototype) consisting of:
- anti-aircraft armament SAM 2X6 57E6E;
- artillery armament of the cannon 2 x 2x30mm 2A38M;
- used chassis - MZKT-7930;
- wheel formula - 8X8 with 2 front steered axles;
ZPRK DB "Pantsir-S1" - the basic version of the 2006-07 model, consisting of:
- anti-aircraft armament SAM 2X6 57E6E;
- artillery armament of the cannon 2 x 2x30mm 2A38M;
- used chassis - KamAZ-6560;
- wheel formula - 8X8;
- bulletproof cockpit armor;
- diesel engine 400 hp;
- speed up to 90 km / h;
- cruising range up to 500 kilometers.
ZRPK 96K6-1 or BM 72V6E, consisting of:
- anti-aircraft armament SAM 2X6 57E6E;
- artillery armament of the cannon 2 x 2x30mm 2A38M;
- used chassis - type "Voshchina-1";
ZPRK DB "Pantsir-S1E" - an export version for the UAE, consisting of:
- used chassis - MAN-SX45
Design version of the "Pantsir-C1" complex MAKS-2009, consisting of:
- used chassis - MZKT-7930
- wheel formula - 8X8.
Serial ZRPK DB "Pantsir-S1" consisting of:
- anti-aircraft armament SAM 2X6 57E6E;
- artillery armament of the cannon 2 x 2x30mm 2A38M;
- used chassis - KamAZ-6560;
- S-band SOC radar module;
The export version of the ZPRK DB as part of
- anti-aircraft armament SAM 2X6 57E6E;
- artillery armament of the cannon 2 x 2x30mm 2A38M;
- used chassis - GM-352M1E;
- wheel formula - caterpillar design;
- bulletproof booking;
- speed up to 70 km / h;
- cruising range up to 600 kilometers;
- optoelectronic station.
Tracked version of the ZPRK DB "Pantsir-C1" consisting of:
- anti-aircraft armament SAM 2X6 57E6E;
- artillery armament of the cannon 2 x 2x30mm 2A38M;
- used chassis - GM-352M1E;
- wheel formula - caterpillar design;
- tracking radar (avionics).
The device of the complex 96K6
The complex has a modular design that can be installed on any chassis. The complex design consists of the following modules:
- module with weapons;
- tower installation;
- control module;
- BOT module
The module with weapons carries missile and artillery weapons:
- 12 guided bicaliber 2-stage anti-aircraft missiles 57E6E with a starting engine (starting stage), detachable at the beginning of the flight trajectory. Marching stage - warhead, contact and proximity fuses, on-board equipment. Aerodynamic scheme of a duck-type rocket. At the start, the rocket reaches a speed of 1300 m / s for a few seconds. The rocket length is 320 centimeters, the mass is 74.5 kilograms, and the warhead weighs 20 kilograms. SAM 57E6E are designed to destroy air targets at an altitude of 5-15,000 meters and a distance of 1-20 kilometers. The probability of hitting is 0.7-0.9. The response time of the complex is up to 6 seconds. SAM are provided with radio command guidance;
- two twin automatic cannons 2A38M caliber 30mm. The type of ammunition used is armor-piercing incendiary projectiles. The cannons are designed to destroy air targets at an altitude of up to 3 kilometers and a distance of up to 4 kilometers. The shells have an initial velocity of 960 m / s. The rate of fire of the guns was 5 thousand highs / min., In the early version of the 2A72, the rate of fire did not exceed 700 highs / min. Ammunition weight 842 grams, shell weight 389 grams. Guidance is carried out using radar data (PAR) or using an infrared sight.
The turret carries a weapon module, radar, optoelectronic detection systems, an S-band SOC radar module, navigation systems, and weapons and equipment drives.
The control module has control equipment, communication facilities and additional equipment. It houses the crew of a combat vehicle - vehicle commander, gunner, operator.
A feature of the complex is the ability to combine the system of multichannel capture and tracking of airborne objects with artillery weapons. Pantsir-S1 can be used to fire at ground targets. To increase the noise immunity, the SAM control system can change the radiation frequency at a maximum speed of up to 3.5 thousand imz / s according to the laws of pseudo-randomness in a wide range. The complex has the ability to carry out combat missions, both autonomously and as part of a subunit (air defense). The first prototype could only fire from a place. The following, modernized options (SU), provided the ability to fire on the march.
Detection and tracking systems:
- radar station with a phased antenna array of cm-range 1PC1-1E;
- radar stations with phased antenna arrays of cm and mm ranges 1PC2 and 1PC2-1E "Helmet" for tracking air targets and guiding missiles;
- an autonomous optical post, consisting of an optoelectronic complex with long-wave thermal imaging receivers (IR direction finder) for additional target search according to the radar detection data with the determination of the angular coordinates of objects and missiles. It is applied at any time of the day;
- a central computer complex designed for digital processing of received signals and auto-tracking of targets. At the same time, it is possible to track two targets on radar and optoelectronic channels. Providing firing at a target with two missiles. Maximum speed of capturing air objects up to 10 units per minute;
- The SOTS S-band radar module is designed to detect, recognize and auto-track targets in the presence of active or passive interference with a detection and tracking range of more than 40 kilometers. At the same time, it is possible to track targets up to 40 units.
Combat application capabilities of the complex:
- single (autonomous) execution of combat missions - detection, tracking, destruction of targets with their own means, without attracting additional funds;
- performing combat missions as part of a battery - one of the complexes works as a combat vehicle and command post at the same time. The rest of the complexes (3-5 units) are connected to it to receive target designations and production on firing targets;
- performance of combat missions as part of a battery with a standard command post - the complexes are connected to the command post, which is in charge of the control command for each complex. ZPRK DB "Pantsir-S1" fire at targets;
- performing combat missions as part of a battery with a standard command post and an early warning radar - the radar issues information to the command post, which processes it and issues the central control unit to the complexes for firing at targets;
- performing combat missions in auto mode according to external target designations as a separate combat unit or in a subunit consisting of several BM.
Battery composition:
- 3-6 BM ZPRK DB "Pantsir-S1";
- control point (battery);
- 1-3 TZM based on a machine for 2 BM. TZM is made on the KAMAZ-6560 chassis. Provided with manipulators (crane type). Transportable stock - 24 shipping containers with missiles and artillery kits;
- training equipment;
- means of maintenance and repair, which include MRTO (technical support car);
- machine for adjusting (aligning) systems and complexes ZPRK "Pantsir-S1".
Complex modifications:
- ZPRK "Roman" - the first prototype, made on the chassis Ural-5323-20. Created in 1994;
- ZPRK 96K6 - a serial version, made on the KamAZ-6560 chassis. Created in 2005.
- ZPRK 30Yu6 "Pantsir-S1-O" - a remodeled version of 96K6 "Pantsir-S1". There is no tracking radar, an optical weapon control system is installed.
- "Pantsir-S1" stationary design - a draft version of the ZPRK without chassis;
- ZPRK "Pantsir-S1E" - ZPRK 96K6 "Pantsir-S1" for export, made on the MAN chassis. Used equipment of foreign manufacture. SAM - 9M311;
- ZPRK "Pantsir-2E" - a special model, developed in 2006. Tracking radar with improved parameters;
-ZPRK 96K6-1 "Pantsir-S1" (BM 72V6E) - modification of the complex, made on the chassis "BAZ-6909-019";
- ZPRK "Pantsir-S1" with a SOTS S-band radar module. The prototype of the complex according to the TK of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation TsKBA. It was successfully tested in mid-2011.
- ZPRK "Pantsir-M" (Mace) - ship modification of the complex. A prototype is being developed. It is expected to install complexes on the aircraft carrier of the project 11435, approximately up to 6 air defense missile systems. The installation is planned for the modernization of the aircraft carrier.
- ZPRK "Pantsir-ME" - export modification of the ZPRK "Pantsir-M".
Reporting dates:
- 2008 - adopted by the RF Armed Forces;
- 2010 - the RF Air Force receives 10 ZPRK "Pantsir-S1";
- 2010 - the manufacturer received orders with a total value of $ 2.5 billion, which corresponds to at least 175 units of the Pantsir-C1 air defense missile system;
- August 2012 - firing of Pantsir-S1 complexes is planned at the Ashuluk range.
Export deliveries:
- Algeria - it is planned to deliver 38 complexes by 2016;
- Iran - probably is armed with 10 complexes "Pantsir-S1E";
- Morocco - an order was made for 50 Pantsir-S1E complexes;
- United Arab Emirates - out of 50 complexes, about 30 units have been delivered to date. The order is expected to close this year;
- Oman is probably armed with about 12 Pantsir-S1E complexes.
- Syria - is armed with about 36 units of the Pantsir-S1E air defense missile system. 2012-22-06 from the Syrian anti-aircraft missile system "Pantsir-S1E" shot down the Turkish reconnaissance aircraft "RF-4E";
Main characteristics of ZRPK 96K6:
- estimated cost (export) - $ 13-14.7 million;
- combat weight - 20,000 kilograms (depending on the chassis);
- combat crew - three people;
- transfer to the firing position - less than 5 minutes;
- complex reaction time - no more than 6 seconds
- detection range over 36 kilometers;
- tracking range is more than 30 kilometers;
Cannon-rocket armament:
two paired anti-aircraft guns 2A38M
- ammunition - 1400 shots;
- effective destruction range up to 4 kilometers;
- fire speed (total) - 5 thousand high / min;
- ammunition - armor-piercing incendiary;
12 guided anti-aircraft missiles 57E6-E
- execution - supersonic 2-stage solid propellant;
- missile guidance - radio command;
- rocket length - 3.2 meters;
- flight speed max / average - 1300/700 m / s;
- the speed of the targeted target is up to 1000 m / s;
- effective range of destruction 1.2-20 kilometers;
- target height up to 15 kilometers;
- caliber -90/76 bicaliber;
- weight - 74.5 kilograms;
- explosive weight - 5.5 kilograms.
Additional Information:
In 2012, at an open scientific and technical conference of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and RARAN, an assessment of the Pantsir-S1 air defense missile system was announced.
The main advantage of ZPRK DB "Pantsir-S1" is automatic operation.
The main disadvantages according to field testing data:
- small possibilities of shelling air objects flying and maneuvering with a course parameter of 2-3 kilometers;
- the possibility of hitting targets flying at speeds of 400 m / s and more (TTX - 1000 m / s) was not confirmed;
- at the maximum range, fire is conducted at air objects flying at a speed of less than 80 m / s;
- the bicaliber missile used has guidance errors on an actively maneuvering target;
- no confirmation of the possibility of hitting tactical missiles or their blocks has been received;
- small possibilities of aiming missiles;
- ineffective coordination of the elements of missiles;
- noticeable influence of weather conditions on the detection range of air objects;
- the overall characteristics and the complete absence of armor protection will not allow the use of the complex in the front lines of the covered units;
- the dimensions of the BM ZPRK BD "Pantsir-S1" do not allow moving it by rail;
- the time required to transfer the complex to a combat position exceeds the declared time by 1.5 times.
- long time for the shipment of ammunition from the TPM (up to 30 minutes).
- there is no exact data on the safety of firing missiles;
- the existence of the possibility of overturning when firing from artillery weapons;
- dependence on imported element base;
- the tracked complex costs almost 50 percent more than the wheeled version
Summed up:
- in terms of efficiency-cost "Pantsir-C1" is COST;
- active radar means lead to unmasking of the complex;
- it may take more than three years to transfer the REA complex to a domestic element base;
- for the expediency of using "Pantsir-C1", a lot of work will be required to coordinate various programs.
