"Zoo-1" (index GRAU 1L219M) - radar reconnaissance and fire control (counter-battery radar). The radar system is intended for reconnaissance of enemy missile and artillery firing positions (mortar positions, artillery positions, MLRS positions, launchers of tactical missiles and air defense systems). Zoo-1 calculates the trajectories of missiles and projectiles, is able to adjust the fire of its artillery means, monitor the airspace and exercise control over unmanned aerial vehicles.
The complex began to be designed in the USSR in the 1980s to replace the ARK-1 complex (index GRAU 1RL239, "Lynx") in the artillery troops, which was developed in the late 1970s. The new complex was placed on the basis of the MT-LBu tractor chassis, due to which it has an external resemblance to the ARK-1. To carry out the work on the creation of the "Zoo" were involved 2 enterprises - Scientific Research Institute "Strela" and NPK "Iskra". The collapse of the USSR that followed soon led to the fact that these two enterprises ended up in different countries, where they independently continued to work, being now competitors. NPK Iskra, which found itself on the territory of Ukraine, continued to work on the creation and modernization of the 1L220-U Zoo-2 complex, based on a different chassis with a greater target detection range, but lower throughput and other software and hardware solutions.
FSUE SRI “Strela” from the city of Tula continued work on the modernization of the “Zoo-1” complex (in particular, work was carried out to improve the communication system and software and hardware of this complex). The new complex, developed by the enterprise, received the index 1L219M (modernized) and was first presented to the media in 2002. Most likely in 2004, a number of these complexes in single copies were transferred for military tests to the Armed Forces of Russia. The end of the military tests of the complex was officially completed on February 19, 2008; a year earlier, the complex had already been adopted by the Russian army. It is assumed that several such complexes could take part in the August 2008 events on the territory of South Ossetia. As part of modern Russian brigades, the complex is part of the command and artillery reconnaissance battery, which according to the state should have 3 such complexes.
Zoo-1
The purpose of the automated radar system "Zoo-1" is to determine the coordinates of enemy fire weapons (firing mortars, artillery pieces, multiple launch rocket systems and tactical missile launchers) upon firing or launching. Having fixed the shot and tracing the trajectory of the projectile / rocket, the complex issues target designations to its own fire weapons and controls the effectiveness of their firing.
Zoo-1 is able to simultaneously detect up to 70 different artillery positions per minute and give their coordinates until the shells fall (within the first 20 seconds after the salvo), conduct simultaneous tracking of 12 targets, and carry out automated exchange of incoming information from the command post. Zoo-1 is able to provide reconnaissance / control of firing positions of 81-120 mm mortars at a distance of 20 km / 22 km, artillery firing positions of 105-155 mm caliber at a range of 15 km / 20 km, firing positions of MLRS caliber 122-240 mm at a range of 30 km / 35 km, firing positions of tactical missiles 40 km / 40 km. The complex has high noise immunity and modular design.
If necessary, this complex can be used to control the flight of UAVs, as well as monitor the control of their movement or control the flight of other aircraft in the area of responsibility. While at the airfield, tracking and precise determination of the coordinates of the aircraft can be provided with subsequent transmission of data to the control center online.
Zoo-1 possesses a fairly high survivability, which is achieved through a short radar operation time for radiation, the use of means of counteracting unintentional and deliberate radio-electronic interference, and rapid restructuring of the carrier frequency. The calculation of the complex - 3 people - is protected by bulletproof and splinterproof armor.
RLC "Zoo-1" in camouflage livery
Complex composition
The Zoo-1 radar is located on one transport unit - an armored high-pass tracked tractor MT-LBu. On its base, radar equipment, autonomous means of orientation and navigation, communication facilities, devices for input and processing of digital maps of the area, as well as power supplies are deployed, which makes the complex highly mobile.
The complex includes a 1L259M radar station based on the MT-LBu tracked tractor, a maintenance vehicle (MTO) of the 1I30 complex for repair and routine maintenance based on the Ural-43203 vehicle, an ED30-T230P-1 RPM-1 power plant on a 2- PN-2 for routine and training works, as well as autonomous means of topographic reference and orientation.
The 1L259M is a 3-axis monopulse radar with a phased antenna array (PAR), which provides combat work together with a high-speed DCS - a digital computing system with advanced software. The radar station implements an overview of the area of responsibility in the target search or fire control mode using discrete scanning with an electric beam in a sector up to 90 degrees in the horizontal and up to 1.8 degrees in the vertical planes with a constant elevation angle of 40 degrees. The radar is able to automatically detect flying mines, shells and missiles, accompany them and carry out trajectory measurements.
Based on the results of these measurements, the movement of the projectile flight is assessed, the class of firing systems is determined, the coordinates of the enemy's firing positions are calculated with an accuracy sufficient to carry out effective counter-battery warfare (in target reconnaissance mode). It also calculates the points of fall of its own means of destruction (in the control mode). At the same time, the formation and transmission of messages with data on the enemy's firing positions, as well as the results of firing their own weapons at the command post of automated missile systems and an artillery battalion, is carried out.
Radar 1L259M
The 1L259M radar includes autonomous means of topographic reference, orientation and navigation, which provide, during movement or parking, the determination of the azimuth and coordinates of the station location in a single coordinate system. The radar is equipped with an interface for operation in the command and control system.
The CVS of this complex provides high automation of the entire process of combat work and allows you to detect and track simultaneously up to 12 targets, as well as to reveal the coordinates of enemy firing positions from which simultaneous, intense fire is being conducted.
MTO based on the "Ural" is designed to carry out repair and maintenance work aimed at maintaining the radar equipment in a combat-ready state and has all the necessary equipment for this.
The power supply of the complex is carried out using a mobile power station EDZO-T230P-1RPM with a capacity of 30 kW (during the training of the calculation and routine maintenance work) or from a generator that takes power from the running engine (in the conditions of combat operation of the complex).
RLC "Zoo-1" provides
1. Mobility
The time of deployment and folding of the radar without leaving the crew takes no more than 5 minutes.
Travel speed on land - up to 60 km / h.
The complex is able to overcome water obstacles by swimming.
The complex has a cross-country ability on roads of any type.
The cruising range with a full gas station is 500 km.
The complex is able to operate at altitudes up to 3000 m above sea level
It can work under the influence of all types of precipitation, dust and strong winds up to 30 m / s.
Work at ambient temperatures from -45 to +50 degrees Celsius.
Possibility of transportation by all types of transport: rail, air, road, water.
Autonomous topographic location and orientation.
2. Vitality
Frequent carrier frequency changes.
Short duration of radiation time.
Protection against the effects of electromagnetic impulses.
High noise immunity.
3. Crew protection
From being hit by small arms and shell fragments
Against the defeat of bacteriological and chemical weapons.
From exposure to low and high ambient temperatures.
4. Convenience of management
Complete automation of radar control.
Providing comfortable conditions for the crew (ventilation, heating, air conditioning).
Built-in automated monitoring of the complex performance.
The complex is transferred from the traveling position to the combat position and back without leaving the calculation from the MT-LBu.
Autonomy of power supply.
Workplace of the commander of the Zoo-1 radar complex
Operating modes of the Zoo-1 radar complex
1. Intelligence
In the "Reconnaissance" mode, the coordinates of the firing positions of enemy artillery systems are determined. The product sequentially scans the area above the terrain, covering a sector with a width of 90 degrees. In this case, the probe beam, carrying out electronic scanning over the masking surface, forms the so-called "potential search barrier".
At the moment the projectile crosses the specified barrier, it is detected, captured and followed, followed by extrapolation of the trajectory to the point of projectile departure.
2. Control
In the "Control" mode, the coordinates of the points of fall of the shells of their firing means are determined. According to the initial data entered into the computer control device (CUU), the coordinates of the points of the beginning of the tracking of projectiles, the appearance of which is carried out in the working sector, are calculated. The VUU sets the probe beam in the direction of the intended meeting point and organizes an electronic search for the expected projectile. When a projectile is detected in the area of the meeting point, it is captured, followed and extrapolated to the point of its fall.
3. Functional control
In the "Functional control" mode, diagnostics of the complex equipment (up to the module of the lowest level) is carried out using a digital computer control device (VUU). "Functional control" is carried out both before the start and in the process of combat work.
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