History 2024, November

Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak could not imagine life without the sea, and military service was his element. Returning after the Russian-Japanese campaign from Japanese captivity to St

Therefore, everyone who hears these words of Mine and does them, I will liken to a wise man who built his house on a rock; and the rain fell, and the rivers overflowed, and the winds blew, and rushed on that house, and it did not fall, because it was founded on a stone. And everyone who hears these words of mine and does not fulfill them

The South was a golden amazement. The plateau of Machu Picchu at the very threshold of the sky was full of songs, oil, man destroyed the nests of huge birds on the peaks, and in his new possessions the farmer held seeds in his fingers wounded by snow. Pablo Neruda. Universal Song (translated by M. Zenkevich)

The first Novorossiya arose two and a half centuries ago thanks to the Serbs. In the middle of the 18th century, Russia, striving to strengthen its borders on the lands of the present Donbass, invited the Balkan Slavs to develop them. By the Imperial Decree of January 11, 1752, they were granted lands at the junction of future

The campaign plan of 1739 Austria gradually leaned towards peace with Turkey. In December 1738, a peace agreement was signed between France and Austria - the war for the Polish succession received its official end. France recognized Augustus III as king, and Stanislav Leshchinsky was given possession of

Almost 25 years ago, in April 1989, the next issue of the "Young Guard" magazine was published. Then passions boiled in society, which splashed out on the pages of the magazine. And yet, a significant part of the issue was taken up by a conversation with the former Minister of Agriculture of the USSR I.A. Benediktov, who

The Falaise Cauldron is closed. Corporal Grabowski of the 1st Armored Division shakes hands with Private Wellington of the 90th Infantry Division. In Poland, this photograph has become a must-see for all publications dedicated to the Battle of Falaise

By the late 1970s, Albania, led by the ideological Stalinist Enver Hoxha, lived on complete self-sufficiency and international isolation In the 1920s, Albania was the only Balkan country that did not have a communist party. For a long time, supporters of the theory of Karl Marx could not

On November 28 (November 15, old style), 1915, the future famous Russian writer, poet, screenwriter, playwright, journalist, public figure Konstantin (Kirill) Mikhailovich Simonov was born in Petrograd. The main directions of his work were: military prose, socialist

On November 17 (29), 1805, the allied troops left the great Olmüts road and, getting stuck in the autumn mud, moved around Brunn through Austerlitz. The troops moved slowly, waiting for the delivery of supplies, and not knowing where the enemy was. This was surprising and indicated a poor organization of the Allies, because

Albania became the only country in Eastern Europe that actually freed itself from Nazi occupation on its own. This largely determined the independence of the domestic and foreign policy of the country when it was a socialist state. In 1945 the actual head

Who hides the past jealously, He is unlikely to be in harmony with the future … T. Tvardovsky, "By the Right of Memory" Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky was born on June 21, 1910 on the Zagorye farm, located not far from the village of Seltso (now the Smolensk Region). The surrounding area, according to the poet himself

The Cossacks were the main force of the army of the impostor Grigory Otrepiev Events of the initial period of the Russian Troubles (1600-1605) are usually considered as the struggle of three political forces: the Tsar of Moscow Russia Boris Godunov, the political allies of the impostor Grigory Otrepiev - the governor Yuri Mnishek and others

The Defeat of France Just as Bismarck's first war (against Denmark) logically inevitably triggered a second war (against Austria), so this second war naturally led to a third war against France. South Germany remained outside the North German Confederation - the kingdoms of Bavaria and Württemberg, Baden

The head of the government of PrussiaBismarck was ambassador in Paris for a short time, he was soon recalled due to the acute government crisis in Prussia. In September 1862, Otto von Bismarck took over as head of government, and a little later became Minister-President and Foreign Minister of Prussia. As a result, eight years Bismarck

Germany's military defeats in 1944 caused the collapse of the Hitlerite coalition. On August 23, a coup took place in Romania, Antonescu was arrested. King Mihai I announced the end of the war against the USSR. After that, the Romanian troops took part in the war with Germany. September 8-9, the communists and their

How Hungarian leader Miklos Horthy tried to reclaim lands lost after World War I, fought on Hitler's side, and why evaluating his rule is still key to Hungarian politics

Debrecen operation (October 6-28, 1944) By the end of September 1944, the 2nd Ukrainian Front under the command of Rodion Malinovsky was opposed by Army Group South (it was created instead of the former Army Group South Ukraine) and part of Army Group F … A total of 32 divisions (including 4 armored, 2

100 years ago, in April-May 1917, the Entente troops tried to break through the defenses of the German army. It was the largest battle of the First World War in terms of the number of participants. The offensive was named after the commander-in-chief of the French army, Robert Nivelle, and ended in a heavy defeat

100 years ago, in June-July 1917, the Russian army carried out its last strategic offensive operation. The June offensive ("Kerensky's offensive") failed due to a catastrophic fall in discipline and organization in the Russian troops, large-scale anti-war agitation organized

100 years ago, on March 14, 1917, the Petrograd Soviet issued the so-called Order No. 1 for the Petrograd garrison, which legalized the soldiers' committees and placed all weapons at their disposal, and the officers were deprived of disciplinary power over the soldiers. With the adoption of the order, it was violated

St. Petersburg is once again justifying its status as a pro-Western center of the Romanov Empire, whose basic values a part of the current Russian "elite" is trying to revive. First, St. Petersburg "thundered" with a memorial plaque to Mannerheim, whose Finnish army, together with the Nazis, tried to wipe out

100 years ago, on February 23 (March 8) 1917, the revolution began in the Russian Empire. Spontaneous meetings and strikes at the end of 1916 - beginning of 1917, caused by various socio-economic reasons and the war, developed into a general strike in Petrograd. Began beating cops, soldiers

February was an elite palace coup with revolutionary consequences. The February-March coup was not carried out by the people, although the conspirators took advantage of the popular discontent and, if possible, reinforced it with all available means. At the same time, the Februaryist conspirators themselves are clearly not

In an ugly atmosphere of political instability in the Russian capital and on the outskirts, rallies at the front itself, the Provisional Government's distrust of the generals, Headquarters and the headquarters of the fronts developed plans for a summer offensive. True, the generals did not know whether it would be possible to withdraw the soldiers from the trenches

100 years ago, on March 3 (16), 1917, the Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich signed an act of refusal to accept the throne of the Russian Empire (the act of “non-acceptance of the throne”). Formally, Mikhail retained the rights to the Russian throne, the question of the form of government remained open until the decision of the Constituent

The February coup is interesting in that everyone renounced Nicholas II: the grand dukes, the highest generals, the church, the State Duma, and representatives of all leading political parties. The Tsar was overthrown not by the Bolshevik commissars and Red Guards, as the inhabitants of Russia had been taught since 1991, but by representatives

Armed uprising The decisive moment of the February revolution was the transition on February 27 (March 12) 1917 to the side of the demonstrators of the Petrograd garrison, after which the rallies grew into an armed uprising. Historian Richard Pipes wrote: “It is impossible to understand what happened in February-March 1917

100 years ago, on March 2 (15), 1917, the Russian Emperor Nicholas II abdicated the throne. The Tsar's court historiographer, General Dmitry Dubensky, who constantly accompanied him on trips during the war, commented on the abdication:

The intelligentsia in Russia, like the bulk of the ruling elite and the educated part of the population, was liberal, pro-Western. She was brought up on Western ideas. Some admired liberalism and democracy, others - socialism (Marxism). As a result, the intelligentsia in its mass

Already at the beginning of August 1914, in the workshops of the city of Tarnopol, the 9th railway battalion, operating on the South-Western Front, built the first Russian armored train. Initially, it consisted of an Austro-Hungarian steam locomotive and three carriages - two machine-gun and one gun. Its armament consisted of

The Munich agreement, it would seem, has long and reliably been studied up and down. Meanwhile, it is considered to be an agreement between the monolithic West and Nazi Germany, while in the last part we established that the West was in fact fragmented and its leaders persecuted their own, and diametrically

How is it, friends? A man looks at the cherry blossoms and a long sword on his belt! Mukai Kyorai (1651 - 1704). Translation by V. Markova Samurai were instilled from childhood not only loyalty to military duty and taught all the subtleties of the military craft, but also they were taught relaxation, because a person cannot only do this and

O knights, get up, the hour has come! You have shields, steel helmets and armor. Your dedicated sword is ready to fight for the faith. Give strength to me, oh God, for new glorious slaughter. I, beggar, will take a rich booty there. I don’t need gold and I don’t need land, but maybe I

In November 1914, German units broke through the Russian North-Western Front in the Lodz area. To cover the Warsaw-Skarnevitsa railway, by order of the head of the 6th Siberian Infantry Division, the 4th Railway Battalion hastily equipped an armored train. Time was running out, so for him

Armored trains in the Caucasus At the end of 1914, the construction of four armored trains for the Caucasian army began in the Tiflis workshops. Each of them consisted of a semi-armored steam locomotive, two four-axle armored cars and an armored car for ammunition. Between themselves, they had a number of differences in type

Everyone knows that US Presidents Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy were killed in assassination attempts. However, few people know that another American warrior president ended his life in this way: we are talking about the 25th US President William McKinley. Consider McKinley's path to the presidency

On August 6, the Russian Federation celebrates the Day of Railway Troops. This holiday was first established by the corresponding Decree of the President of the Russian Federation in 1996, and in 2006 a new Decree of the President of the Russian Federation was adopted "On the establishment of professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed

“Everything for the front! Everything for victory!”, The slogan of the Communist Party, formulated in the Directive of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of June 29, 1941 … and proclaimed on July 3, 1941 on the radio in a speech by the Chairman of the State Defense Committee I.V. Stalin. Expressed the essence of the program that was developed by the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) and the Soviet government for

Storm! The storm is coming soon! It is the brave Petrel soaring proudly between the lightning over the roaring sea with anger; then the prophet of victory shouts: - Let the storm break out stronger! Bitter. Song about the Petrel. On June 18, 1938, 80 years ago, the great writer Maxim Gorky passed away. Great Russian and then Soviet