From the first months of the Great Patriotic War, the names of Soviet aircraft became more patriotic. It significantly increased with the appearance in the Air Force (later in the air defense fighter aviation) of the Guards aviation units. So, many guards pilots often placed a guard sign on the sides of their combat vehicles. In some cases, it was supplemented with appropriate inscriptions, for example: or « Among the first high rank "guards" in the Air Force were awarded the 29th, 129th, 155th and 526th Fighter Aviation Regiments, as well as the 215th Assault and 31st Bomber Aviation Regiments, which distinguished themselves in the battle for Moscow in December 1941.
For the courage and heroism of the flight personnel in the battles against the Nazi invaders, many formations and units of the Air Force, air defense fighter aircraft and naval aviation of the Navy were awarded honorary titles. Often they were applied on the fuselages of combat vehicles, where they were adjacent to government awards received by aviation formations or personally by pilots for air victories. A good example is the aircraft from the 231st Assault Aviation Roslavl Red Banner Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky Division, as well as the 2nd Guards Bomber Bryansk Aviation Corps.
Placement of a guard sign on the fuselage of a Po-2 light bomber
Guards badge on board the U-2 aircraft. 1944 year
Aircraft crews from the Roslavl Red Banner Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky Division
Hero of the Soviet Union M. D. Baranov (right) is congratulated on another victory. Stalingrad front. 1942 year
A MiG-3 aircraft from the 6th Air Defense Corps with a characteristic inscription on board. Winter 1941/1942
Some pilots colorfully expressed their hatred of the enemy on the fuselages of combat vehicles in the form of slogans, sometimes resorting to stronger expressions. As war veterans testify, some of the inscriptions could be safely attributed to profanity. It seems that the command tried not to encourage such arts and fought against it in its own way.
At the same time, as during the First World War, the tradition of placing pilots' business cards on airplanes was revived. So, the famous Soviet ace pilot M. D. Baranov3 [following the example of the Russian aviator ensign O. P. Pankratova] on board his combat vehicle wrote in large letters Such a brave pilot could afford. For a year and a half of the war, he flew more than 200 sorties, personally shooting down 24 enemy aircraft. "Sometimes the names of the aircraft were limited only to the initial word of the above phrase (September 1941, Air Force of the Southern Front). Later, the famous Soviet ace pilot flew with a similar inscription. Hero of the Soviet Union Captain V. F. Khokhlachev.
IL-4 "Thunderstorm" long-range aviation bomber. Autumn 1941, Air Force of the Southern Front
Soviet ace pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union, captain V. F. Khokhlachev near his "formidable" car
During the Great Patriotic War, many labor collectives, according to the experience of 1920-1930, assigned various patriotic names to the superplanned aircrafts that reflected the spirit of the times: etc. Most often, they were awarded exclusively to trained pilots (who had significant combat experience at the front). Thus, in 1941, junior lieutenant S. Surzhenko fought in the air force of the Northern Front on a personal I-16 fighter plane. Also, the registered aircraft took part in hostilities during the Battle of Moscow (1941-1942), the Battle of Stalingrad (1942-1943) and other strategic operations of the Great Patriotic War.
The names of outstanding Russian commanders and military pilots, who gained wide popularity in the country in connection with their release on screens in the 1930s-1940s, gained their distribution and placement on the fuselages of combat vehicles. movies of the same name, including: (the last two names referred to the aviation squadrons of the same name), etc. Thus, the famous Soviet pilot Captain A. D. Bilyukin5 (196th IAP, 324 IAD, 7BA). He won his last victory in the skies of Northern Norway, shooting down a German Me-1096… On the Il-2 attack aircraft, named after the great Russian commander Generalissimo A. V. Suvorov, successfully smashed the Nazis by the crew of military pilots VT. Aleksukhina and A. D. Ga-tayunova. The name of A. V. Suvorov also appropriated the crew of the reconnaissance aircraft from the 39th separate reconnaissance aviation regiment.
Again, as in the pre-war years, the tradition was revived to reflect on the sides of aircraft the names of the fallen comrades, for whom the Soviet aviators swore merciless revenge on the enemy. It was these inscriptions that made up most of the registered aircraft. Despite its diversity, for example: (566th Shap, Leningrad Front, 1944), (32nd Guards IAP, North-Western Front, Yak-9, 1943), (Northern Fleet Air Force, Il- 2, 1943) and others, all of them had one orientation - to present the enemy with a bill for the fellow soldiers who died in battles. Sometimes such an inscription could be expressed as a whole sentence. So, on board the bomber aircraft (crew commander ~~ Major K. Ivantsov) it was written Later, the crew of this aircraft took part in one and the final strategic operation of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War - Berlin (April - May 1945). Conducting aerial bombardment of the capital of Nazi Germany, the pilots were able to fully reckon with their fallen comrade.
The commander of the 1st Air Squadron 148 IAP Captain M. Nekrasov near his registered aircraft. 1942 year
With the name of Stalin into battle
For the native party of the Bolsheviks
Sometimes Soviet pilots vowed to take revenge on the enemy for famous people in the country (who died) or fallen heroes. The famous ace pilot, commander of the 91st Fighter Aviation Regiment, Major A. S. Romanenko8 On board his Yak-9 fighter he placed the name of the Soviet pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union, M. M. Raskovoy9.
In the fall of 1943 A. S. Romanenko, together with another fighter pilot A. I. Pokryshkin10 was recognized as the most effective pilot of the Red Army Air Force. He especially distinguished himself during the Battle of Kursk (July - August 1943), for which he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In fact, he received this title for the second time. For the first time, the pilot was awarded the high rank in battles on the North-Western Front in 1942. But due to forced capture, he was deprived not only of the Hero's Star, but also of all previously received government awards. A year later, A. S. Romanenko reaffirmed his right to be the best of the best pilots in the country11.
"For Leningrad" on board the IL-2
"For Zhenya Lobanov" (Northern Fleet Air Force, Il-2, 1943)
Hero of the Soviet Union Captain A. D. Bilyukin in the cockpit of his signature aircraft "Alexander Nevsky"
The crew of the registered reconnaissance aircraft 39 ORAP (from left to right): commander I. M. Glyga, radio operator K. N. Semichev and navigator of the joint venture. Minaev
The crew of Major K. Ivantsov
"For Volodya!" (32nd Guards IAP, North-Western Front, Yak-9, 1943) 7
Another Soviet aviator, Captain Yu. I. Gorokhov12 before the start of the Battle of Kursk, as the best fighter pilot of the 162nd Fighter Aviation Regiment, the oldest Soviet writer-Pushkinist A. I. Novikov was presented with a personalized aircraft The idea of creating this personalized combat vehicle was timed to coincide with the 106th anniversary of the death of A. S. Pushkin, initiated by A. I. Novikov. Thanks to his tireless work to popularize the name of the great Russian poet in labor collectives, he managed to collect the amount of money necessary for the construction of an aircraft in a short time.
From the telegram of I. A. Novikov to the Chairman of the State Defense Committee I. V. Stalin13
In the summer of 1943, a personalized Yak-7 aircraft was built and included in the Red Army Air Force.
One of the pilots' crews vowed to take revenge on the enemy for the death of Komsomol member Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya15, whose feat, widely throughout the country, touched the hearts of many Soviet soldiers. And there were many such examples during the war years.
Named air squadrons "Valery Chkalov" and "Chapayevtsy". 1944 year
Yak-9 A. S. Romanenko named M. M. Raskovoy on board
Revenge on the enemy for comrades in arms and girlfriends
Plane "Revenge of the Baranovs"
A large group of registered aircraft was also represented by aircraft collected with folk funds. As at the dawn of the creation of military aviation in Russia, this tradition continued to bear fruit during the Great Patriotic War, personifying the inextricable link between the army and society. Named aircraft came to the front from labor collectives, collective and state farms, and even individual wealthy citizens of our country. For example, on the La-5FN fighter plane, built with the personal funds of collective farmer Vasily Konev, the famous Soviet ace pilot Ivan Kozhedub16 won a number of aerial victories in the skies of Moldova in 1944.
A resident of the Krasnoyarsk Territory K. S. Shumkova also used her own funds to build an airplane personally for the military pilot of the Guards Lieutenant Colonel N. G. Sobolev, named after His namesake, Major A. P. Sobolev17, who made more than 500 sorties during the war years and personally shot down 20 enemy aircraft (in the summer of 1943 he was awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union), in the period 1943 -1 944. also fought on a personal plane (L a- 5).
He flew on a personal plane and fighter pilot Hero of the Soviet Union A. N. Katrich (in the future - Colonel-General of Aviation), who committed the first high-altitude aerial ramming of an enemy aircraft on August 11, 1941, the first in the history of world aviation. At an altitude of 9 thousand meters, a Soviet MiG-3 fighter intercepted a German Dornier-217 aircraft heading for Moscow. As a result of the collision, the German vehicle collapsed in the air, and the Soviet pilot managed to successfully land his car on the regiment's airfield.
According to the estimates of the researchers, the registered aircraft from labor collectives that entered aviation were in most cases of a personal nature. So, the crew of the Soviet pilot G. M. Parshin (943rd Assault Aviation Regiment), the Baranov family handed over an aircraft built at their own expense, with an inscription reflecting the desire to make their own contribution to the overall victory over fascism. In turn, the workers of the Altai Territory handed over to their fellow countryman, the famous pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union I. F. Pavlov, a combat vehicle with a corresponding inscription, as a sign of high gratitude for his courage and heroism at the front.
During the war years, many Soviet pilots flew on registered aircraft, presented to them as a sign of gratitude for their military merits at the front. Among them were famous aces pilots: A. V. Alelyukhin18, A. P. Shishkin19, S. D. Luhansk20A. I. Vybornov21, S. Rogovoy and many others. So, the commander of the 52nd bomber aviation regiment, Major A. I. During the Battle of Stalingrad (1942 - 1943), Pushkin flew on a Su-2 / M-82 plane with a dedication on board: On the plane of the squadron commander of the 5th assault regiment, Hero of the Soviet Union A. Putin, a drawing of an eagle soaring over the mountains was placed, the image of which was complemented by the inscription
Su-2 / M-82 with a dedication on board: "A gift to the front from the workers of the Stalingrad region of Molotov"
Squadron Commander of the 5th Assault Regiment Hero of the Soviet Union A. Putin before a combat mission
Lo-5FN of the famous Soviet ace pilot Ivan Kozhedub, built on the personal funds of the collective farmer Vasily Konev
As part of the 1st Guards Bomber Aviation Division23 in 1943 - 1945a lot of registered aircraft flew, incl. (Pe-2), (Pe-2), etc.
During the war years, the enemy also sometimes assigned different names to their aircraft. Most often they were dedicated to the wives or girlfriends of the pilots. You could also find the names of various animals or birds. Some German aviators gave their own playful nicknames to combat vehicles as their calling card.24… But the Germans still could not compete with the text art of Soviet pilots.
The approach of victory over the enemy was immediately reflected in the content of the side inscriptions. In addition to weighty "wishes" to the enemy, the practice began to include instructions on the combat path that the personnel of one or another aviation unit or the crews of individual aircraft had traveled during the war years. So, the Soviet pilot N. D. Panasov placed an inscription on board his Pe-2 dive bomber with a similar meaning, and the inscription. During this period, many aircraft were adorned with the slogan that became the main motto of the last months of the war.
With the end of the Great Patriotic War, registered aircraft practically disappear in the Air Force (with the exception of non-motorized aviation). The last of them can be considered the aircraft of the Tu-2 type of the registered squadron. According to the available information, they were included in the aviation group, which was supposed to take part in the air parade in the sky of the capital on August 18, 1945.
NOTES:
1 On October 27, 1944, it was reorganized into the 12th Guards Attack Aviation Division.
2 By the directive of the General Staff of the spacecraft of December 26, 1944, the 2nd Guards Long-Range Aviation Corps was transformed into the 2nd Guards Bomber Bryansk Aviation Corps.
3 Baranov Mikhail Dmitrievich [10.21.1921 - 15.1.1943] - Soviet military ace pilot, captain, Hero of the Soviet Union (1942). Graduated from the Chuguev Military Pilot School (1940). During the Great Patriotic War: fighter pilot, deputy commander of the 9th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment. Died tragically during a training flight (1943).
4 N. Bodrikhin. Soviet aces. M., 1998. - p. 28.
5 Bilyukin Alexander Dmitrievich [9/11/1920 - 1966-24-10] - Soviet military ace pilot, colonel, Hero of the Soviet Union (1944). Graduated from the Borisoglebsk Military Aviation School (1940), the Air Force Academy (1957). During the years of the Great Patriotic War, he flew 430 sorties, participated in 35 air battles, personally destroyed 23 and in group 1 enemy aircraft.
Bodrikhin. Soviet aces. M., 1998. S. 31.
7 D. Khazanov. German aces on the Eastern Front. 4.1. M.: RUSAVIA, 2004. -S. 119.
8 Romanenko Alexander Sergeevich [4.9.1912 - 6.11.1943] - Soviet military ace pilot, major, Hero of the Soviet Union (1943). Graduated from the Voroshilovgrad Military Aviation School (1935). He served in parts of the Kiev and Western Special Military Districts. At the beginning of World War II, he fought in the 32nd Fighter Aviation Regiment (IAP). Awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, later deprived of it due to capture (1942). In September 1943, the commander of the 91st iap. By November 1943 he was considered one of the most effective fighter pilots of the Red Army Air Force. In the period 1941 - 1943. made more than 300 sorties, personally shot down about 30 and 6 in a group of enemy aircraft. Killed by the fire of his anti-aircraft artillery (1943).
9 Information about Raskova M. M. in the next part of the article.
10 Pokryshkin Alexander Ivanovich [02.21 (6.3).1913 - 11.13.1985] - Soviet military leader, air marshal, three times Hero of the Soviet Union (May, August 1943, 1944). In military service since 1932. Graduated from the Perm Aviation School of Aviation Technicians (1933), the Kachin Aviation Pilot School (1 939), the Military Academy named after V. I. M. V. Frunze (1948), the Higher Military Academy (1957, now the Military Academy of the General Staff). Since 1934, a technician of the aviation communications link of a rifle division, later a junior pilot of a fighter aviation regiment. During the Great Patriotic War: deputy commander and squadron commander, since November 1943, assistant commander, since March 1944, commander of the Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment. Since May 1944, commander of the 9th Guards Fighter Aviation Division. He flew over 600 sorties, conducted 156 air battles, shot down 59 enemy aircraft. His tactical experience was adopted by many Soviet aces. After the war, he served in the Air Defense Forces of the country. Since January 1949Deputy Commander, since June 1951, Commander of the Air Defense Fighter Corps, since February 1955, Commander of the Fighter Aviation of the North Caucasian Air Defense Army. Since 1957, commander of the 52nd Air Defense Air Fighter Army, since February 1961, Commander of the 8th Separate Air Defense Army - Deputy Commander of the Kiev Military District for Air Defense. Since July 1968, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Air Defense Forces of the country. Since January 1972, chairman of the Central Committee of the DOSAAF of the USSR. Since November 1981 in the Group of Inspectors General of the USSR Ministry of Defense.
11 N. Bodrikhin. Soviet aces. M., 1998.-- S. 173-1 74.
12 Gorokhov Yuri Ivanovich [1.8.1921 - 1.1.1944] - Soviet military ace pilot, captain, Hero of the Soviet Union (1944). Graduated from the 1st Chkalov Military Aviation School (1939). During the Great Patriotic War, he flew 350 sorties, participated in 70 air battles, personally shot down 24 and 10 in a group of enemy aircraft. Killed in action (1944).
13 EAT. Kirponos, M. N. Novikov. On the Alexander Pushkin fighter. M., 1981.-- P.41.
14 In the same place. C42.
15 Kosmodemyanskaya Zoya Anatolyevna (Tanya) [1923 - 1941] - partisan, the first woman - Hero of the Soviet Union (1942, posthumously). Pupil of secondary school №201 (Moscow). In October 1941, she volunteered for a partisan detachment. In November 1941, while performing a mission behind enemy lines, she was taken prisoner. Executed after brutal torture (1941).
16 Kozhedub Ivan Nikitovich [6/8/1920 - 8/8/1991] - Soviet military leader, Air Marshal (1985), three times Hero of the Soviet Union (02.1944, 08.1944, 1945). In military service since 1940. Graduated from the Chuguev Military Aviation School of Pilots (1941), the Air Force Academy (1949), the Higher Military Academy (1956, now the Military Academy of the General Staff). During the Great Patriotic War: instructor pilot at a military aviation school, senior pilot, flight commander, air squadron of the 240th IAP (1943), deputy commander of the 176th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (1944-1945). During the war years, he flew 330 sorties and shot down 62 enemy aircraft (including 1 jet). From June 1949, deputy commander, in 1950-1955. commander of a fighter aviation division. Since November 1956, the head of the Air Force Combat Training Directorate, since April 1958, 1st Deputy Commander of the Air Force, since January 1964, 1st Deputy Aviation Commander of the Moscow Military District. In 1971-1978. 1st Deputy Chief of Air Force Combat Training. From 1978 to 1991 in the Group of Inspectors General of the USSR Ministry of Defense.
17 Sobolev Afanasy Petrovich [1.5.1919 - 10.2.1958] - Soviet military ace pilot, colonel, Hero of the Soviet Union (1943). Graduated from the Bataysk Military Aviation School (1940), Higher flight theoretical courses. In the period 1941 - 1943. fought in the South-West, Volkhovsky. Kalinin fronts. Since the summer of 1943, commander of the 2nd Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment. Died tragically during a test flight (1958).
18 Alelyukhin Aleksey Vasilyevich [30.03.1920 - 1990] - Soviet military ace pilot, major general of aviation, twice Hero of the Soviet Union (August, November 1943). In military service since 1938. Graduated from the Military Aviation School. V. P. Chkalov (1939), Military Academy. M. V. Frunze (1948), the Higher Military Academy (1954). During the Great Patriotic War: fighter pilot, flight and squadron commander, deputy commander of the 9th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment. During the war years, made 601 sorties, personally shot down 40 enemy aircraft and 17 in the group. In the post-war period, he taught at the Air Force Academy. Since 1961, he was deputy commander of an aviation division, chief of intelligence of the Air Force of the Moscow Military District, and deputy chief of staff of an air army. 1974 - 1985 Deputy Chief of Staff of the Air Force of the Moscow Military District.
19 Shishkin Alexander Pavlovich [12 (25).2.1917 - 21.7.1951] - Soviet military ace pilot, colonel, Hero of the Soviet Union (1943). Graduated from the Kachin Military Aviation School (1938). He served in the following positions: instructor pilot, flight commander. During the years of the Great Patriotic War, he flew about 250 sorties and personally shot down 20 enemy aircraft. He died tragically while performing a training flight.
20 Lugansky Sergey Danilovich [1.10.1918 - 16.1.1977] - Soviet military ace pilot, major general of aviation, twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1943, 1944). In military service since 1936. Graduated from the Orenburg military pilot school (1938), the Air Force Academy (1949). In 1938 - 1941. junior pilot, deputy squadron commander. During the Soviet-Finnish War (1939 -1940) he flew 59 sorties. During the Great Patriotic War: Deputy Commander and Squadron Commander, Commander of the 270th Fighter Aviation Regiment. During the war years, he flew 390 combat missions, personally shot down 37 in air battles and in group battles 6 enemy aircraft, including 2 by ram. After the war he served in the Air Force and in the air defense aviation of the country. 1945 ~ 1949 regiment commander, since 1949 deputy commander, since 1952 air division commander. 1960-1964 deputy commander of an air defense corps.
21 Vybornov Alexander Ivanovich [b. 17.9.1921] - Soviet military ace pilot, lieutenant general of aviation, Hero of the Soviet Union (1945). Graduated from the Chuguev Military Pilot School (1940), the Air Force Academy (1954). During the years of the Great Patriotic War, he flew 190 sorties, conducted 42 air battles and personally shot down 20 enemy aircraft. After the war, he served as commander of an aviation regiment and an air division. In 1965 he was the chief of combat training of the country's air defense fighter aviation. Took part in the Arab-Israeli war (1967). Since 1968 he has been an inspector of the USSR Ministry of Defense.
22 D. Khazanov. N. Gordyukov. Su-2. Near bomber. - M.: Publishing house "Tekhnika-Molodezhi", 1999. - P.69.
23 The 1st Guards Bomber Kirovograd Red Banner Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky Aviation Division was reorganized from the 263rd Bomber Aviation Division. Order of the NKO of the USSR dated March 18, 1943.
24 D. Khazanov. German aces on the Eastern Front. 4.1. - M.: RUSAVIA, 2004. -S.35.
