We continue to acquaint the readers of the materials of the Voennoye Obozreniye website with the dissertation of V. Solovyov, a Penza historian who defended his dissertation for the degree of candidate of historical sciences in the history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s. The advantages of this study, first of all, should be attributed to its exceptional information content. The author has processed, analyzed and introduced into scientific circulation 1256 cases from 79 funds of 12 party and state archives, including the Central Archives of the IML under the Central Committee of the CPSU (funds 17, 78), the Central Academy of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (fund 1), the TsGAOR USSR (fund 5451) TsGANKH USSR (funds People's Commissars), the Central State Administration of the RSFSR (funds of the People's Commissariats) and the archives of the OK CPSU of the Kuibyshev, Penza and Ulyanovsk regions. So the work by the author was very solid and of high quality. In the previous article - see https://topwar.ru/113252-dissertaciya-po-evakuacii-v-gody-velikoy-otechestvennoy-voyny-chast-tretya.html, - it was about party work on party leadership of the evacuated population on places. This material will talk about those specific forms of work in production, which in those years tried to stimulate and implement the party organizations responsible for the work of the enterprises evacuated to the East. It should be emphasized that if we discard the corresponding set of praises addressed to the same M. S. Gorbachev, obligatory V. I. Lenin and the materials of the next party congress, such studies contain a lot of valuable factual information that allows you to more deeply and specifically understand the realities of that distant era.
V. Shpakovsky
This is how the "brick" of a Ph. D. thesis for the degree of candidate of historical sciences looked like in 1986. We, graduate students, were warned that the manuscript should be bound in triplicate and the color of the cover of a dissertation on the history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union should not be: black (understandable why), green is for biologists, brown, dark blue, but also … not red. Like, this is a hint, but it is not good for the Scientific Council to hint! Therefore, the color of this cover is not quite red, but … brick. Even such a "trifle" mattered at that time!
“The party organizations of the evacuated enterprises, as well as the regional committees, city committees and district committees of the CPSU (b) did everything possible to spread the experience of shock workers among the evacuated workers, as it helped the faster revival of enterprises, on March 25, 1942 in the city of Kuznetsk, Penza region, a Plenum b / c the question of the work of the relocated enterprises. The speakers cited data that at the Kuztekstilmash plant the best workers cope with 2-7 norms. by 145%. This was the result of the successful organizational work of the party committee, all the communists. The party organs of the city helped the evacuated collective to get rid of "bottlenecks", supported the patriotic initiatives of the leaders. In March, 500 Stakhanovites and shock workers worked at the plant [PAPO, f.274, op.1, d.126, ll.16, 18].
The plenum of the Penza City Party Committee, held on March 25, 1942, and dedicated to the work of the relocated enterprises, stated that the main equipment of the factories transferred to Penza had been installed and put into operation. The credit for this belongs to the Party organizations, which managed to create cohesive labor collectives united by a common goal - shock work in the name of victory [CPA IML, f.17, op.43, d.1483, l.40]
The development of competition at the evacuated enterprises in order to put them into operation as quickly as possible and master new types of products was constantly in the field of vision of the party organizations. In the report of the secretary of the city party committee, it was emphasized that the collectives of the relocated factories survived the organizational period, switched to the production of new products, people showed samples of highly productive labor, there were shock workers / who performed the task more than 150% /, Stakhanovites / who worked out more than two norms /, multi-station workers, some workers on For two or three days they did not leave the shops, fulfilling important tasks, became the "beacons" of the team. Such people worked at Penzmash, Penztekstilmash, and other evacuated factories [PAPO, f.37, op.1, d.1817, ll.1-3, 5].
Party organization located in Kuibyshev aircraft plant them. Voroshilova from the first days of work in a new place began to deal with issues of shock work. As a result of the correct placement of communists in the workplace, good organization of labor, the locksmith brigades of Peleshenko, Malinov regularly fulfilled the norm by 400% [Shekman M. The plant is gaining momentum. Izvestia, 1942, March 29.].
Thanks to the workers who overfulfilled the shift tasks, at the plant No. 454 evacuated to Kuibyshev, the fulfillment of the norms in April reached 155.8% compared to January. The best Stakhanovites - locksmiths Shushketa, Milgram, Shoikhet (something all surnames … not Russian - approx. VO), Mednik and others showed examples of shock work. In the second quarter of 1942, the workers of the enterprise at the new location began to produce more products than before the evacuation. For the successful completion of the April assignment, the plant received a second prize in the regional competition and an award from the Central Committee of the trade union of workers of the aircraft industry [PAKO, f.656, op.39, d.316, pp.57, 58].
The best of the cadre workers were the initiators of undertakings, the meaning of which was expressed in the formulas: if you do not complete the task, do not leave your job; study yourself and prepare yourself a shift; our cars are needed like air, like bread. The three hundred, five hundred, and thousand people followed the two hundred. The Bureau of the Kuibyshev regional committee BKP / b / in April 1942 made a decision to disseminate the experience of the assembly fitter of the aircraft plant P464 A. T. Shushkety, which, starting from fulfilling 73% of the norm, brought the output to 129%. The decree stated that the innovator stimulates the movement to raise labor productivity. A. T. Shushketa was awarded a wartime Stakhanovist book of honor No. I. The party organization of the enterprise promoted its achievements among the workers. Every day of the pre-May competition brought new records, in the last days of April more than ten thousand-strong Stakhanovites worked at the plant.
The first page of the first multi-page scientific work in my life …
Among the various forms of labor activity of the evacuated workers, aimed at the speedy restoration of the arrived equipment, the Party organizations assigned an important place to the movement of the Komsomol-youth brigades [CPA IML, f.17, op. 43, d.1057, l.253]. Communists, all skilled workers passed on production experience to young people, helped to form new collectives, aimed them at high performance in labor. Komsomol youth brigades from January 1942 began to fight for the title of front-line. This form of competition combined the struggle to increase labor productivity and the training of young people who came to production, which was a significant factor in accelerating the start-up and adjustment work.
In the Middle Volga region, the initiative to create front-line brigades was born at the A. Voroshilov. Following the example of the best turner of the Komsomol member G. Izvekov, who arrived from Voronezh, the competition began for the right to receive the title of a front brigade. This could be achieved by systematically completing shift tasks by 150-200%. The party committee, shop party organizations, being attentive to everything that gave a gain in time, in accelerating installation and increasing production, supported the initiative of the youth. Among the first teams to achieve the title of front-line were the brigades of Izvekov, Aleinikov, Glebov and others. The evacuated youth, realizing their patriotic duty to the Fatherland, worked hard at the enterprises of the region. At the end of 1941, the family of the hero of the civil war I. A. Shchorsa. Igo's daughter Valya, being a student of the pedagogical institute, together with a large group of fellow students, was sent to an aircraft factory. The help of experienced mentors contributed to her professional growth, she performed shift tasks with excess. She was offered to lead the Komsomol-youth front-line brigade, with the honorable but difficult duty of the Komsomol member coped. So the evacuated young people grew up, became skilled workers under the leadership of Party organizations.
A very revealing page. As you can see, even furniture factories were evacuated!
Party committees have repeatedly considered the issues of this patriotic movement, provided assistance to young people, disseminated the experience of the best. In March, 575 brigades were ranked as front-line brigades in the region. Thus, the Komsomol members and the youth of the relocated plant No. 530 pledged to double the number of young two-hundred members by the 24th anniversary of the Red Army, to increase the number of front-line brigades [PAKO, f.656, op.33, d.508, l.20].
The movement expanded, involving new evacuated enterprises into its orbit. On April 14, 1942, a resolution of the Ulyanovsk City Committee of the All-Union Communist Party / b / was adopted, which stated: "In accordance with the decision of the bureau of the regional committee BKP / b / of March 24, 1942, consider the creation of front-line brigades for enterprises in the city of Kuibyshev and the region as a positive initiative, as of great importance in increasing labor productivity and growth of the Stakhanov movement. The bureau of the city committee of the CPSU / b / decides: to accept the leadership of the regional committee of the VKP / b / on the creation and work of front-line brigades at enterprises. "[PAUO, f.13, op. 1, d.1942, l.40]
In the second tool shop of the automobile plant, the secretary of the Komsomol organization M. Shmoilov suggested starting a competition between brigades for the right to be called front-line brigades. At the end of April, a meeting of the Komsomol bureau of the enterprise was held, at which the first front-line brigade of M. Klochkova was named, the Komsomol organizer V. Markova was awarded the title of record-holder-shock worker.
The beginning of the movement of front-line brigades at GPZ-4 was laid in the bar machine shop in the shift of foreman A. Azarov. The adjusters A. Trofimov, I. Titov, A. Cheverov, machine operators A. Voytko, I. Zaporozhets, V. Shtykov, A. Ignatova decided to work out one and a half norms for each shift, the next day after the meeting at which increased obligations were taken, shift A Azarova gave 36 thousand instead of 30 thousand rings. The pace was growing every day, the obligation was fulfilled. In the first quarter of 1942, 31 Komsomol-youth front-line brigade worked at the enterprise.
Thanks to the organizational work of the party, which used various forms of activating the labor activity of the evacuees, about 80 relocated enterprises were restored in the first six months of the war in the Kuibyshev region. A year after the outbreak of the war, 11 large Union-level revived machine-building plants functioned in the region, the volume of products produced by this industry quadrupled. On June 30, at the 10th Plenum of the Penza Regional Party Committee, it was noted that the evacuated enterprises were located in a timely manner, the best buildings were given to them, assistance was provided in the quick establishment of production, the evacuees worked excellently in the restoration work.
Beginning in December 1941, the decline in industrial production in the USSR stopped. In March 1942, the industry began to rise due to the fact that the restoration of the evacuated enterprises entered the final stage. Since that time, the release of military products only in the eastern regions of the country has reached the level of production that took place at the beginning of the war throughout the USSR [Voznesensky N. A. Selected Works. 1931-1947. M., Politizdat, 1970, p. 56.].
Here is the number of communists in the evacuated enterprises. That is, the work gives an exhaustive and very clear idea of which enterprises were evacuated to, and how many members of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks were there, subject to local registration and control.
By the middle of the year, 1,200 enterprises were revived in the eastern regions. The organizational activity of the party to resume the work of the displaced industry was one of the decisive conditions for the creation by the summer of 1943 of a well-coordinated mechanism of the military industry and a radical change in the course of hostilities in favor of the Soviet Union. The gross output of the evacuated factories reached 33% of the gross output of the entire industry in the pre-war period [Belikov A. M. Soviet rear during the Great Patriotic War. M., Knowledge, 1969, p. 15.]"
