The 85 mm D-44 anti-tank gun was designed by the design bureau of Plant No. 9 (Uralmash). This weapon can hit tanks, armored personnel carriers, self-propelled artillery guns, as well as other enemy armored vehicles. It can also be used to fire at armored caps, embrasures of wood-earth and long-term points, to destroy manpower and fire weapons located behind light shelters or outside shelters.
The design of the gun had a classic scheme: the barrel and bolt were superimposed on the carriage.
The barrel is a monoblock tube with a two-chamber muzzle brake, couplings and a clip breech. The gun carriage includes: recoil devices, balancing mechanism, cradle, guidance mechanisms, upper machine, lower machine has suspension, wheels, beds, sights and shield cover.
An active muzzle brake, which is a massive hollow cylinder, is screwed onto the muzzle of the barrel. Windows (holes) are made on its generatrix. Copier wedge semiautomatic shutter is designed for locking the barrel, firing a shot. To make the first shot, the shutter is opened manually; later, after each shot, the shutter opens automatically. The cradle is cylindrical cast yoke type, guides the barrel when rolling and rolling back. The recoil device includes a pneumatic knurler and a hydraulic recoil brake. On the cradle, a cage with sockets is fixed by welding, in which pins are placed serving for connection with the upper machine. The frame (upper machine) serves as the basis for the swinging part of the implement. Nitrogen or air is pumped into the balancing mechanism. Normal nitrogen (air) pressure in the balancing mechanism: when the swinging part is fixed in a stowed way from 54 to 64 kgf / cm2; at the highest elevation angle which is 35 ° from 50 to 60 kgf / cm2. 0.5 liters of AU spindle oil is poured into the balancing mechanism to create a hydraulic lock. In the balancing mechanism, the pressure is regulated by a compensator when the air temperature changes from -20 ° to + 20 ° C.
The balancing mechanism with a compensator is filled with AU spindle oil (0.6 liters). On the swinging part on the left, there are screw guidance mechanisms (rotary and lifting), a shield cover and a balancing mechanism. The rotating part of the gun was located on the bearing shield, which is rigidly fastened to the lower folding, rear and front armor plates and the frame. A torsion bar suspension system of the chassis is mounted on the shield. The combat axle is made up of two straight axle shafts. Reinforced wheels from GAZ-AA, had GK tires. Hollow sliding beds SD-44 have openers at the ends. They are pivotally connected to the bearing shield.
Normal rollback length:
- on a full charge from 580 to 660 millimeters;
- on a reduced charge from 515 to 610 millimeters;
- the maximum rollback length is 675 millimeters (marked with the inscription "Stop").
For direct fire and from closed positions, the D-44 anti-tank gun is equipped with a S71-7 sight, an OP1-7, OP2-7, OP4-7, OP4M-7 optical sight. Also, night sights APN3-7 or APN-2 can be used. The mechanical S71-7 must be permanently attached to the gun; the panorama is filmed and stored in a regular box.
The rate of fire of the D-44 anti-tank gun: at an angle of +20 degrees with aiming correction is 15 rounds per minute; at an angle of 0 degrees - 11-13 rounds per minute; the maximum rate of fire is 20 - 22 rounds per minute.
For firing, unitary loading artillery shots are used, having various shells: armor-piercing sub-caliber, cumulative fragmentation and high-explosive fragmentation.
Ammunition for the D-44 anti-tank gun:
The shots UO-367 and UO-365K consist of a steel one-piece fragmentation projectile 0-365K, a head fuse, a steel (brass) sleeve, a KV-4 capsule sleeve is screwed into its bottom point, and a powder warhead (UO-365K has a full and UO-367 reduced charge).
UO-367A consists of a 0-367A projectile (one-piece shrapnel steel cast iron), a head fuse, a steel (brass) sleeve, a KV-4 capsule sleeve screwed into the bottom point and a reduced combat powder charge.
UBR-365K consists of a BR-365K projectile (sharp-headed armor-piercing tracer), an MD-8 fuse with a tracer screwed into the point of the bottom part, a steel (brass) sleeve, a KV-4 capsule sleeve screwed into the point of the bottom and a powder combat full charge.
UBR-365 consists of a BR-365 projectile (a blunt-headed armor-piercing tracer with a ballistic tip), an MD-7 fuse equipped with a tracer is screwed into the point of the bottom part, a steel (brass) sleeve, the KV-4 capsule sleeve is screwed into the point of its bottom and full combat powder charge.
UBR-367P consists of a BR-367P projectile (armor-piercing tracer with a ballistic tip), a tracer is screwed into the point of the bottom of the projectile, a steel (brass) sleeve, the KV-4 capsule sleeve is screwed into the point of its bottom, a powder charge.
UBR-365P and UBR-367PK consist of a BR-365P tracer sabot projectile, a tracer is screwed into the point of its bottom part, a steel (brass) sleeve, a KV-4 capsule sleeve is screwed into the point of its bottom, a powder warhead.
UBR-365P differs from the UBR-367PK round only in the design of the charge.
UBK1 has a cumulative non-rotating projectile BK2 with tracer No. 9 and a GPV-1 head fuse, a steel or brass sleeve, a KV-4 capsule sleeve screwed into its point, a combat igniter and a charge placed in the sleeve and secured by a cylinder and a cardboard circle.
The UBK1M differs from the UBK1 shot only in that the BK2M, which has a copper cumulative funnel instead of a steel one.
UD-367 has a smoke steel projectile D-367, the KTM-2 head fuse is screwed into the point of its head part, a steel (brass) sleeve, the KV-4 capsule sleeve is screwed into the point of its bottom part, a reduced combat powder charge.
ZUD1 with a full charge and ZUD2 with a reduced charge, unlike UD-367, are equipped with a KTM-1-U fuse.
The PBR-367 shot with the PBR-367 projectile has the same device as the shot with armor-piercing shells. PBR-367 does not have a fuse and is not equipped with explosives.
Basic data:
The initial speed of a fragmentation grenade (with a reduced charge) is 655 m / s;
The initial speed of a fragmentation grenade (with a full charge) - 793 m / s;
The initial speed of the armor-piercing tracer is 800 m / s;
The initial speed of the subcaliber armor-piercing tracer is 1050 m / s;
Full charge mass - 2, 6 kilograms;
The mass of the reduced charge is 1.5 kilograms;
The mass of the fragmentation projectile is 9, 54 kilograms;
The mass of the armor-piercing tracer projectile is 9, 2 or 9, 34 kilograms;
The mass of the subcaliber armor-piercing tracer projectile is 4, 99 kilograms;
The mass of a shot with a high-explosive fragmentation projectile is 16, 3 kilograms;
The mass of a shot with an armor-piercing tracer projectile is 15, 68 kilograms;
The mass of a shot with a subcaliber armor-piercing tracer projectile is 15, 68 kilograms;
The maximum pressure of the powder gases is 2550 kgf / cm;
The largest tabular range is 15,820 meters.
In service with a separate anti-tank artillery battalion of a motorized rifle or tank regiment (two anti-tank artillery batteries consisting of two fire platoons), 6 pieces per battery (in battalion 12).
Ammunition is unified with SD-44.
The standard means of traction for the anti-tank gun is GAZ-66 or GAZ-63.
Transportation speed:
- off-road - 15 km / h.
- on country roads and cobblestones - 35 km / h;
- on asphalt roads - 60 km / h.
PTP D-44 can be transported by air in cargo military transport aircraft An-12, Il-76, An-22.
For rolling into position manually, a special roller is placed under the trunk of the gun, fixed in the stowed position and transported on the stands.
Technical characteristics of the D-44 anti-tank gun:
Caliber - 85 mm;
Barrel length - 4685 mm (55 calibers);
The length of the rifled part of the barrel - 3496 mm (41 calibers);
The number of grooves - 24;
The volume of the charging chamber with a fragmentation projectile 0-365K - 3.94 dm3;
The height of the line of fire - 825 mm;
Vertical guidance angle - -7 ° + 35 °;
Horizontal guidance angle - 54 °;
System length - 8340 mm;
The height of the line of fire - 825 mm;
Width - 1680 mm;
Height - 1420 mm;
Clearance - 350 mm;
Track width - 1434 mm;
Weight in firing position - 1725 kilograms;
Barrel with a bolt - 718 kilograms;
Shutter - 31.6 kilograms;
Oscillating part - 920 kilograms;
Rollback parts (barrel with recoil devices and a bolt) - 785 kilograms;
Cradle - 99 kilograms;
Rollback brakes assembled - 42 kilograms;
Assembled knurler - 32 kilograms;
Balancing mechanism - 13 kilograms;
Assembled upper machine - 71 kilograms;
Assembled shield cover - 83 kilograms;
Assembled lower machine - 133 kilograms;
Podhobotovy skating rink - 12, 3 kilograms;
Wheels (with hub) - 81 kg;
Running gear (wheels, suspension and combat axle) - 222 kilograms;
Assembled carriage - 972 kilograms:
Ski facility - 170 kilograms;
Transfer from combat to stowed position - 1 minute;
Sighting rate of fire of the gun - 10-15 rounds per minute;
The maximum rate of fire of the gun is 20 rounds per minute;
Transportation speed on good roads - 60 km / h;
Transportation speed on cobblestone pavement - 35 km / h;
Off-road transportation speed - 15 km / h.
Calculation - 5 people.
