History 2024, November

Prince Bagration. Source: ar.culture.ru The causes of the tragedy As already mentioned in the first part, on September 7, 1812, Prince Pyotr Bagration received a shrapnel wound in his left shin on the Borodino field with damage to the tibia or fibula, which led to blood loss and traumatic shock

Source: alternathistory.com German approach In the first part of the material on welding technologies during the Great Patriotic War, it was mentioned that one of the main achievements of Soviet technologists and scientists was the introduction of automation of welding of tank hulls and towers. In Nazi Germany, no

The wound of Prince Bagration. Source: 1812.nsad.ru The last battle of the prince In the war with Napoleon, Prince Peter Ivanovich Bagration, general of infantry, commanded the 2nd Western Army, which on September 7, 1812 (hereinafter the dates will be in the new style) was located on the left flank of the Russian troops on

T-34s are sent to the front. Plant No. 183. Source: t34inform.ru TsNII-48 The Central Research Institute of Structural Materials, or TsNII-48 Armored Institute, played a key role in the emergence of anti-cannon armor in Soviet tanks. During the period when the production of tanks was

Photo from the album of photographs of the plant №183 named. Comintern. Source: t34inform.ru Weak links of the steel guard Nikita Melnikov's book "Tank Industry of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War" provides data on

Motor ship "Armenia" Photo: ru.wikipedia.org So, in the Black Sea Fleet, the ships were taken to the rear

“I do what I want” In the previous part of the story about the controversial figure of the director of the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant, it was a question of abuse and outright theft, which the general and the laureate of the State Prize in his domain had spawned. As it turned out, the first signals of inappropriate behavior

"To nullify the superiority in tanks!" In this regard, an interesting story about how Isaac Zaltsman became the deputy people's commissar of the tank industry. This is colorfully described by Daniyal Ibragimov

Isaac Moiseevich Zaltsman Myths about the king In the previous articles of the cycle about the Chelyabinsk "Tankograd" there were already mentions of Isaac Moiseevich Zaltsman, but the size of this extraordinary personality requires a separate consideration. To begin with, there is still no unambiguous assessment of the role of the "tank king" in

Rapid "animal philosophy" The first international eugenic congress was held in 1912 in London and caused a mixed reaction in the Russian Empire. In particular, Prince Pyotr Alekseevich Kropotkin wrote in connection with this event: “Who is considered unfit? Workers or idlers?

On the brink of disaster The front’s need for a huge number of tanks made itself felt in the first days of the war. People's Commissar Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich Malyshev at one of the meetings read out reports from the fronts:

Ural aluminum plant in the early postwar years Chemical educational program Iron, manganese, chromium, oil, rubber, aluminum, lead, nickel, cobalt, antimony, arsenic, mercury, molybdenum, tungsten, diamonds, sulfur, sulfuric acid, graphite and phosphates raw materials on which depended

Hitler and Ambassador Lipski Poland - Only for Poles As you know, in 1918, a new revived state of Poland appeared on the map of Europe, in which the national interests of the indigenous Polish population were placed at the forefront. At the same time, the rest a priori found themselves in a secondary position, which, in

The new minister of armaments The history of the war criminal of the Third Reich, who never received due retribution at the Nuremberg Tribunal, should start not with the youth and professional development of a Nazi, but with his immediate predecessor and boss, Friedrich Todt. This is in many ways

The T-29 was supposed to become the first combat vehicle of the ChTZT-28 or T-29. The main plans to mobilize the production capacities of the ChTZ appeared from the first days of the laying of the plant's hulls. At the same time, the specialists responsible for this actively attracted foreign experience in this area: in the archives you can find

Napoleon Bonaparte "The Secret Bureau" and the British In 1796, Napoleon Bonaparte created one of the most powerful intelligence agencies in France - the "Secret Bureau", placing at the head of the talented commander of the cavalry regiment Jean Landre. One of the conditions for the successful work of this department was

Cheliabinsk Tractor Plant The construction of the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant in the 30s of the last century was one of the most important events in the life of the country. No wonder the work on the construction of a gigantic plant, designed for 40 thousand tractors, was supervised by the Politburo of the Central Committee. Sergo Ordzhonikidze, heavy commissar

Fully Armed “Of course, it helped us a lot that we always knew your emperor's intentions from his own dispatches. During the last operations in the country there were great discontent, and we managed to capture a lot of dispatches, "- this is how he tried to console the French Marshal Etienne in 1812

“The Munster Lion” Before covering the history of the next inhuman action of the Nazi regime in Germany, it is worth mentioning one fact that, for various reasons, they try not to recall too much. For a long time in historiography there was an opinion that the Germans in the situation with Hitler's power

The Nazis are building a new world The Europeans with the Americans, who showed the Germans how to sterilize the marginalized, already in 1938 at the International Genetic Congress in Edinburgh made a timid attempt to curb the hysteria that was playing out in Germany. In the final statement, in particular, they were subjected to

The Bakke Plan Herbert Ernst Bakke is one of the little-known war criminals of the Third Reich who escaped the punishment he deserved. The SS Obergruppenfuehrer hanged himself on his own in early April 1947 in a cell of the Nuremberg prison, never waiting for his extradition to the Soviet Union. This person

Teratogen Number 1 The first wake-up call regarding thalidomide was in 1956, before it was widely distributed over the counter. One of the Chemie Grunenthal employees decided that his pregnant wife needed to be treated for morning sickness and ailments with the new drug Contergan

Limited Resources In The Price of Destruction. The Creation and Fall of the Nazi Economy”Adam Tuz has collected and systematized unique material that makes us take a fresh look at the history of World War II. Hitler's project of colonization and violent modernization turned out to be utopian in many ways

The CIA Initiative There are currently two diametrically opposed views on Operation Peter Pan: the American and the Cuban. Naturally, the United States is trying in every possible way to justify forgery and deceit in relation to Cuban minors in that story. According to American propaganda

Legal grounds Mentioned in the first part of the story, Harry Laughlin was at the beginning of the 20th century, the initiator of the eugenic sterilization of all persons who are potential parents of socially inadequate offspring. At the same time, Laughlin was very categorical - no division by sex, age, type

The simplest girder bridges, for which the engineering departments specially procured logs, eventually replaced the collapsible timber-metal spans. By the end of the war, such structures were assembled in the rear, then transported by train to the front line, and to the installation site

"Fortification in the form of a crown" At present, the Military-Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering Troops and Signal Corps (VIMAIViVS) is located in the historical part of the northern capital in the so-called Kronverk - an auxiliary fortification of the St. Petersburg (Peter and Paul) fortress. Translated from

The main contribution to the development of bacteriological research in Russia was made by Prince Alexander Petrovich Oldenburgsky, at that time acting as chairman of the Imperially approved commission on measures to prevent and combat plague infection. Initial work on the topic was going on in St.Petersburg at

Official Ukrainian propaganda says that the sonorous name "cyborg" appeared at the suggestion of the opposing side. The site segodnya.ua contains the story of one radical Ukrainian: “A refugee from Donetsk came to work for us … One of his former employees got drunk on glass wash and went to fight

The management of the army and navy became a paramount task in organizing combat work during the war with Sweden. The high command had their own codes for communication with the king and correspondence with each other. Moreover, in most cases, it was not specially trained people who were engaged in encryption, but directly

In order for a dirt road to "cope with its duties" satisfactorily, the thickness of hard clothing on it must be at least 20 cm. Otherwise, the surface is invariably cut by wheels with caterpillars and quickly becomes unusable. In the wooded swamp zone of the USSR

Soldiers of the Ukrainian army blocked at the airport in May-June fought sluggishly with the militias, who were also in no hurry to storm the air harbor of Donetsk. The planes could not land on the runway, so they dropped "humanitarian" aid to the blocked units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, passing over the airport at low level

It would be appropriate to begin the story with the statement of Field Marshal Manstein, who mentioned in his memoirs that "the Russians were masters of rebuilding roads." Indeed, the units of the army road workers, staffed during the war by military personnel of older ages and

The marching Ambassadorial Chancellery, which was mentioned in the previous parts of the cycle, had expanded significantly by 1709 and turned into a "stationary" Ambassadorial Chancellery located in St. Petersburg. The jurisdiction of the new body included encryption work, analysis of existing schemes and development

Over time, designations for syllables, words, and even whole phrases that were used most often began to be added to the classical replacement alphabet. Such nomenclatures were rather primitive: they contained a special vocabulary called "supplement", consisting of a small number of words, in

Donetsk airport, built for Euro 2012, has become, without exaggeration, a visiting card not only of the region, but of the whole of Ukraine. It immediately became one of the three largest in the country and was able to receive even such gigantic aircraft as the An-225 Mriya. Its runway was 4

The key task of the plan was the capture of Ilovaisk with the simultaneous capture of the northern outskirts of Makeevka. This made it possible to block the transport communications of the militia. In addition, a bridgehead appeared for further encirclement and capture of Donetsk. Interestingly, the official propaganda mouthpiece of Ukraine

Secret correspondence of state importance existed even before the era of Peter: after the death of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the Order of Secret Affairs, which had existed for a long time, was abolished. Some boyars were eager to destroy many archival documents stored in the order, but the clerk Dementiy intervened in the matter

The most widespread encryption method in the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War was cross-stitched codes. There was a certain hierarchy of their use: 2-digit codes were used by the lower levels of the armed forces, 3-digit codes were used in units up to the brigade level

Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Viktor Muzhenko said: “We never thought that Russia could act so perfidiously and send its troops into the territory of Ukraine without declaring war. This is contrary to the international humanitarian law of war.”Not only Ukrainian media