On March 24, 2011, the Space Forces of the Russian Federation celebrated their 10th anniversary. They were created in accordance with the decree No. 337 of March 24, 2001 of the President of Russia "On ensuring the construction and development of the armed forces of the Russian Federation, improving their structure." And by the decision of the Security Council of the Russian Federation of February 6, 2001.
Help: Space Forces - a separate branch of the armed forces of the Russian Federation, responsible for the defense of Russia in space. October 4 is celebrated as the Day of Space Forces. The holiday is timed to the day of the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite, which opened the chronicle of cosmonautics, including military. The first units (institutions) for space purposes were formed in 1955, when by a decree of the Government of the USSR it was decided to build a research site, which later became the world famous Baikonur cosmodrome. Until 1981, responsibility for the creation, development and use of space assets was assigned to the Central Directorate of Space Facilities (TSUKOS) of the Strategic Missile Forces of the USSR Armed Forces. In 1981, a decision was made to withdraw the Main Directorate of Space Facilities (GUKOS) from the Strategic Missile Forces and subordinate it directly to the General Staff. In 1986, GUKOS was transformed into the Office of the Chief of Space Facilities (UNKS). In 1992, the UNKS was transformed into a branch of the centrally subordinated forces - the Military Space Forces (VKS), which included the Baikonur, Plesetsk, Svobodny cosmodromes (in 1996), as well as the Main Center for Testing and Control of Spacecraft (SC) of the Military and civil appointment named after German Titov. In 1997, the Aerospace Forces became part of the Strategic Missile Forces. Taking into account the growing role of space assets in the system of military and national security of Russia, the top political leadership of the country in 2001 decided to create on the basis of formations, formations and units of launching and missile defense, on the basis of detached from the Strategic Missile Forces, an independent type of troops - the Space Forces.
The main tasks of the videoconferencing:
- timely warning of the country's top military-political leadership about the start of a nuclear missile attack;
- creation, deployment and management of orbital groupings of military, dual and socio-economic spacecraft;
- control of the developed near-earth space, constant reconnaissance of the territories of a potential enemy using satellites;
- anti-missile defense of Moscow, the destruction of attacking enemy ballistic missiles.
The composition of the troops:
- Rocket and space defense, - State test cosmodromes of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation - Baikonur, Plesetsk, Svobodny, - The main test center for testing and control of space assets named after G. S. Titov, - Directorate for depositing funds of cash settlement services, - Military educational institutions and support units.
Population - more than 100 thousand people.
Armament of the Aerospace Forces:
- surveillance satellites (optical-electronic and radar reconnaissance), - electronic control (radio and electronic intelligence), - communications and a global satellite navigation system for troops, in total in the orbital grouping, about 100 vehicles, - the launch of satellites into a given orbit is provided by light carrier rockets ("Start 1", "Cosmos 3M", "Cyclone 2", "Cyclone 3", "Rokot"), medium ("Soyuz U", "Soyuz 2", "Molniya M ") and heavy (" Proton K "," Proton M ") classes, - means of ground-based automated control complex for spacecraft (NACU SC): command measuring systems "Taman Baza", "Fazan", radar "Kama", quantum optical system "Sazhen T", ground receiving and recording station "Nauka M 04", - detection systems, radar stations "DON 2N", "Daryal", "Volga", "Voronezh M", radio-optical complex for recognition of space objects "KRONA", Optical electronic complex "OKNO".
- Moscow missile defense A-135 - an anti-missile defense system of the city of Moscow. Designed to "repel a limited nuclear strike against the Russian capital and central industrial area." Radar station "Don-2N" near Moscow, near the village of Sofrino. 68 53Т6 (Gazelle) missiles, designed to intercept in the atmosphere, are located in five positional areas. The command post is the city of Solnechnogorsk.
Objects of the Space Forces are located throughout the territory of Russia and beyond its borders. Abroad, they are deployed in Belarus, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan.
