The PJ-10 BrahMos is a supersonic cruise missile that can be launched from submarines, surface ships, aircraft or land. It is a joint development of the Defense Research and Development Organization of India (DRDO) and the Russian NPO Mashinostroeniya, which in 1998 formed BraMos Aerospace LLC (Ltd.). The fastest in service cruise missile in the world.
The designation "BrahMos" comes from the name of the two rivers Brahmaputra in India and Moscow in Russia. The missile is capable of developing a speed of Mach 2, 8-3, 0, which is 3.5 times the speed of the American supersonic Harpoon cruise missile. Currently, the possibility of installing and launching BrahMos from aircraft is being tested and it can be expected that by 2012 India will become a country with a supersonic cruise missile in all branches of the military. Moreover, an improved model for the implementation of fast air strikes, capable of developing a speed of 6M, is being tested. Completion of the work is expected by 2016.
Although the Indian side expected that the BrahMos missile would be built on the basis of the P-700 Granit medium-range cruise missile, Russian specialists, taking into account the norms of the Missile Technology Control Regime, preferred the short-range P-800 Onyx (export the name "Yakhont"). The total development cost is estimated to be $ 13 billion.
History and development
Origin
The PJ-10 BrahMos is a joint development of the Defense Research and Development Organization of India (DRDO) and the Russian NPO Mashinostroeniya, which in 1998 formed BrahMos Aerospace LLC (Ltd.). To participate in the NPO Mashinostroyenia project, permission was given to carry out military-technical cooperation with foreign countries for 7 years. For the creation of the rocket, BrahMos Aerospace received $ 122.5 million from the Russian side and $ 128 million from the Indian side. One of the reasons for the creation of the association was the flexibility of Indian legislation, which exempts a company that has not repaid a loan from taxes. The latter made it possible to spend funds much more efficiently.
The Russian side was engaged in the production of the airframe and the power plant, while BraMos Aerospace acquired many technologies from NPO Mashinostroeniya, and received half of the parts from the Orenburg NPO Strela. Indian specialists were given the task of finalizing control systems and software.
The collaboration has resulted in the world's fastest and most versatile cruise missile in service.
On June 12, 2001, the first launch was carried out at the Chandipur test site in Orissa state. Since the end of 2004, the missile has undergone several tests on various launch platforms, including ground-based installations in the Pokhran desert, where at a speed of Mach 2, 8, it performed an S-shaped maneuver. There, for the Indian army, the possibilities of attacking ground targets from the sea were shown.
In 2008, BrahMos Corporation acquired the state-owned Indian company Keltec. About 15 billion rupees ($ 333 million) have been invested in the development of components and the integration of missile systems. This was necessary due to the increased orders for the missile system, both from the Indian land army and the navy.
The Indian Navy became the main customer of the BrahMos missiles. It is expected that the PJ-10 will go into service with nuclear submarines and modern destroyers. The Indian Air Force also showed interest, seeing the new missile in service with the licensed Su-30MKI and IL-38.
Description
In fact, the entire BrahMos rocket is a power plant, organically integrated into the glider. The controls, the homing radar antenna and the warhead are located in the central cone of the fairing, while the rest of the volume is occupied by the cruise fuel and the solid-propellant booster stage.
The PJ-10 is capable of engaging ground targets at a height of up to 10 meters. The maximum flight range along the combined trajectory is 290 km, at low-altitude - 120 km. On the cruising section, the maximum flight height reaches 14 km at a speed of 2, 5-2, 8M. The missiles of the ship complex have a warhead weighing 200 kg, while the version launched from a fighter (BrahMos A) can carry a 300 kg warhead. The PJ-10 is a two-stage rocket, it is equipped with a power plant with a solid-propellant launch and acceleration system and a hypersonic ramjet engine operating on the march. A ramjet is more effective than a missile, because it increases the flight range.
High speed is likely to provide better penetration performance than light hypersonic missiles such as the Tomahawk. Twice as heavy and nearly 4 times faster than the Tomahawk, the PJ-10 has 32 times the kinetic energy (although it pays for this with a relatively short range and with only 3/5 payload, which suggests a different tactical paradigm for two types of missiles).
The missile guidance and control systems include the inertial system and the RGSN. The radar homing head, created by the Russian OJSC "Concern" Granit-Electron ", is similar to the GOS of the anti-ship missile system" Onyx "(Note: According to information www.granit-electron.ru/products/mil/complex/yahont_head/). and target tracking in conditions of electronic warfare, target selection according to the entered data, receiving and transmitting target coordinates to the autopilot system of the onboard equipment of the control system (BASU). The seeker locks the target and turns off, while the rocket is reduced to 10 meters, which makes it difficult to detect. during the flight segment, the RGSN is again activated for target designation.
Despite the fact that the BrahMos was originally created as an anti-ship missile, it can be used against ground-based radio-contrast objects. Depending on the complex, the launch is carried out vertically or in an inclined position. The rocket configuration is similar for sea, land and air platforms. The air-launched version (BrahMos A) has a small starting engine, additional tail fins and a modified nose cone. The air-based complex weighs 2550 kg, which is 450 kg less than the ship-based or land-based complex. It is supposed to be used on the Su-30MKI aircraft (1-3 missiles on pylons in the center of the fuselage and wings), Tu-142 (6 missiles on wing suspension), Il-76 (6 missiles on wing suspension) and Il-38SD (4 missiles in the center of the glider).
The figure shows the differences between the "BrahMos" rocket (1 and 3 above) and "BrahMos A"
On October 5, 2005, the PJ-10 BrahMos set the record for the first supersonic steep dive.
The options are:
India and Russia in the next 10 years will produce 1000 BrahMos missiles, about 50% will be exported to friendly countries. This is probably beneficial for Russia, because India has some influence in Asia and is capable of supplying the missile to segments of the arms market not accessible to Russia. It has ordered $ 2 billion worth of BrahMos missiles for its armed forces.
The Indian Navy has missile systems with transport and launch containers located obliquely or vertically, depending on the vessel. The Talvar and Shivalik class frigates are armed with BrahMos missiles. In particular, "Trishul" (INS Trishul) and "Tabar" (INS Tabar) (the second and third built frigates of the Talvar project, respectively) with a displacement of about 4000 tons are armed with a 100-mm cannon, as well as anti-submarine missiles and eight container launchers with Anti-ship missiles "BrahMos" in the bow of the ship. In addition, each of them has two 533 mm torpedo tubes.
Project Talvar frigate
The INS Shivalik frigate became the first Shivalik-class frigate armed with BrahMos missiles. The vessel has a displacement of 6,000 tons and has two 30mm cannons, 24 Barak SAM anti-aircraft missiles and 8 PJ-10 BrahMos missiles.
Shivalik-class frigate. Specified SCRC
Since 2009-2010, ships of the Talvar and Shivalik class are armed with PJ-10 missiles. In 2007, it was also expected to equip the Godavari and Brahmaputra class frigates with new missiles. Missile destroyers "Rajput" (INS Rajput), "Ranvir" (INS Ranvir - D54) and "Ranvijay" (INS Ranvijay - D55), which are an improved version of the Soviet class of destroyers "Kashin", as well as destroyers of the class "Delhi" received modern anti-ship missiles by 2009. In 2012, it is expected that the Kolkata-class destroyers will be armed with missiles.
The Ranvir-class destroyer launches the BrahMos missile.
A Kolkata-class destroyer. Launchers indicated
The missile for launching from a submarine has already been developed and in 2011 should be tested from a flooded stand located on a special pontoon. The submarines for testing the PJ-10 BrahMos can be Indian submarines of the Kilo class, or in Russia non-nuclear submarines of the Lada class - Amur-950. In 2005, a model of this submarine, created by the Rubin Central Design Bureau of MT, was demonstrated at the BrahMos Aerospace stand in Abu Dhabi at the IDEX 2005 exposition. objects.
Model of the Amur-950 submarine with the BraMos anti-ship missile system.
"BraMos" 1 Block 1 class "ground-ground"
Land-based model for the Indian Army.
The missile was successfully tested in the Rajasthan desert near Pokhran (December 2004 and March 2007). Entered service on June 21, 2007.
"BrahMos" 1 Block 2
In January 2009, a new block 2 model with new software was tested in Pokhran. The missile failed to hit the right target among the group. The target was a small building among other buildings. However, already on March 4, good results were obtained. The latest tests, conducted on March 29, 2009, were successful. In 2, 5 minutes, the rocket hit the target with high accuracy. According to official sources, "The new homing head is unique and has caused the destruction of a building that was slightly different in size from other buildings."
On September 5, 2010, BrahMos missiles were launched off the coast of Orissa and set a world record. The first case was recorded when a rocket with supersonic speed made a steep dive. The launch took place from the missile complex -3 (LC-3) near Chandipur at 11:35. These tests fully met the requirements of the Indian ground army in the new software for the RGSN, which provides the missile with the ability to recognize and select among a group of targets, delivering high-precision strikes.
The Indian army has formed a regiment (number 861) "BrahMos" Mark 1. There are now two separate regiments "BrahMos" Mark 2 (862 and 863), which have missiles in service with seeker, capable of selecting small targets among urban buildings. Each of the two missile regiments will have 4-6 batteries of 3-4 mobile launchers mounted on Czech-made Tatra four-wheel drive trucks.
"BraMos" 1 Block 3
It is an improved version of a hypersonic missile, which was successfully tested on December 2, 2010 at the ITR (Integrated Test Range), Chandipur coast of Orissa.
BrahMos 1 Unit 3 with new software for the navigation and control system, combined with high maneuverability and the ability to steep dive, was launched from PU-3.
Indian Air Force
Air-launched missiles are ready for testing. The DRDO Committee and the Air Force are prohibited from making any modifications with the Su-30MKI fighter, therefore, on January 10, 2009, 2 aircraft were sent to Russia to conduct a program for the preparation of suspension systems and launch systems.
In May 2010, a modernization program for 40 fighters was approved. The Su-30MKI, in addition to adapting the BrahMos anti-ship missile system, will receive a new on-board computer, radars and electronic combat systems. A pair of Indian aircraft in the period 2011-2012 will be modernized in Russia, and starting from 2015, HAL will be engaged in this work under license.
At the moment, Russian and Indian engineers are working on the adaptation of anti-ship missiles. It was possible to obtain a lightweight version of the rocket 8.3 meters long, 0.67 meters in diameter and weighing 2550 kg.
In service with Russia
Since BrahMos is structurally similar to the P-800 Onyx missiles, it can replace them as part of the missile system, in particular, on Project 22350 frigates. The Navy did not enter service.
Export
Currently, the export of missiles is not carried out, despite the fact that South Africa, Egypt, Oman, Brunei have shown interest. In February 2010, it was reported that India was in talks to sell missiles to Chile, Brazil, South Africa and Indonesia. Malaysia is also interested in anti-ship missiles to equip its Kedah-class ships.
"Brahmos" 2
At a press conference called Brahmos, held on August 19, 2008 in Moscow, the head of the Russian-Indian joint venture BrahMos Aerospace, Sivathanu Pillai, proposed using the existing missile to create a hypersonic anti-ship missile that would develop a speed of 6M.
The initiative proposal of the Indian side, with a skeptical view of the Russian partners, was supported by a presentation entitled "The scramjet combustion chamber has been tested for a hypersonic missile." The slides showed model engines of two types - kerosene and hydrogen fuel. Samples of scramjet engines had cross-section dimensions of 85x40 mm. According to the data obtained, supersonic combustion in the combustion chamber at a speed of about 2.2M, in modes corresponding to flight conditions with Mach numbers of about 6.5 at altitudes up to 30-35 km. The data were similar to those reported for the promising program "Hypersonic Technology Demonstration Tool" or HSTDV ["Takeoff", # 11-2008, "Hypersonic over the Ganges"]. It is worth noting that India has long been interested in creating a hypersonic cruise missile that can reach speeds of up to M = 6.5 at an altitude of 32.5 km, for which it is developing equipment for ground and flight tests.
At present, the design of the Bramos 2 anti-ship missile system is underway, the declared speed of which will be 5, 26 M. Four designs of the new missile are already ready, and the final version will be approved in October 2011, and launches will take place in 2012-2013. Anti-ship missiles will go into service with Project 15B destroyers in India. The Russian fleet is likely to receive the Bramos 2 for Project 21956 destroyers.
Tactical and technical characteristics:
Developer: BraMos Aerospace
Designation: PJ-10 "BrahMos"
First start: June 12, 2001
Length, m: 8
Wingspan, m: 1, 7
Diameter, m: 0, 7
Starting weight, kg: 3000
Main engine: SPVRD
Traction, kgf (kN): 4000
Starting and accelerating stage: solid fuel
Speed, m / s (M =) at height: 750 (2, 5-2, 8)
Speed, m / s (M =) at the ground: (2)
Launch range, km
- along the combined trajectory: up to 300
- on a low-altitude trajectory: up to 120
- on the marching section: 14000 m
Flight altitude, m:
- on a low-altitude trajectory: 10-15
- at the goal: 5-15
Control system: autonomous with inertial navigation system and RGSN
Warhead type: penetrating
Warhead weight, kg: up to 300
Tilt of the launcher, city.: 0-90
