The naval forces as one of the branches of the armed forces of Romania are intended mainly to protect the national interests of the state in the Black Sea and on the river. Danube. Within the framework of the Alliance, the Romanian Naval Forces are also solving the whole complex of tasks assigned to them by the NATO Allied Naval Forces Command in Europe (headquarters in Naples, Italy).
In peacetime, the naval forces are entrusted with the solution of the following main tasks:
- control of the situation in the territorial waters and the Black Sea economic zone;
- ensuring freedom of navigation in the Black Sea and the river. Danube;
- support for the actions of border police units;
- patrolling the territorial waters of Romania;
- participation in peacekeeping and anti-terrorist operations conducted under the leadership of NATO, the EU and the UN;
- search and rescue of crews of ships in distress.
In wartime, the Navy accomplishes the following tasks:
- repulsing enemy strikes in the seaside direction;
- protection and defense of objects of strategic and operational importance;
- protection of sea and river communications;
- organization of antiamphibious defense of the country's coast in the event that the enemy conducts amphibious assault operations;
- support for the actions of ground forces in the coastal direction and in the delta of the river. Danube.
The navy has 16 warships, 20 combat boats, and 16 auxiliary vessels. The Navy has 60 ships and boats in reserve. The number of personnel of the Romanian Navy is 8 thousand people.
The system of basing and logistic support of the Romanian naval forces includes two naval bases (Constanta and Mangalia) and six basing points on the river. Danube (Braila, Galati, Giurgiu, Sulina, Tulcea, Drobeta-Turnu-Severin).
The administrative control of the forces and means of the country's naval forces in peacetime and wartime is entrusted to the naval headquarters (Bucharest). The operational control of formations and units of the naval forces in peacetime is carried out by the command of the fleet of the Romanian Navy (naval base Constanta), and in the event of a crisis and the outbreak of war - the joint operational command of the national Armed Forces through the operational control center of maritime operations formed on the basis of the fleet command (COCAN - Centrul Operational de Conducere a Actiunilor Navale).
Organizational structure of the Romanian naval forces
The organizational structure of the Navy includes the command of the fleet (consisting of flotillas and divisions of ships and boats) and the formation of central subordination (see diagram).
Fleet Command (VMB Constanta) subordinate: a flotilla of frigates, a river flotilla, three divisions of warships and boats (patrol ships, missile corvettes, minesweepers and minelayers).
In the fleet of frigates (naval base Constanta) includes: frigates "Marasesti" (tail number F 111), "Regel Ferdinand" (F 221), "Regina Maria" (F 222) and support ship "Constanta" (281). The helicopter group is armed with three carrier-based helicopters IAR-330 "Puma".
Frigate "Marasesti" (F 111)
Displacement: standard 4754 t, full 5795 t.
Maximum dimensions: length 144.6 m, width 14.8 m, draft 4, 9 m.
Power plant: four-shaft diesel - 4 diesels with a total capacity of 32 OOO hp
Maximum speed: 27 knots
Armament: 4x2 P-20 (P-15M) Termit anti-ship missile launchers, 4 Strela MANPADS launchers, 2x2 76-mm AK-726 artillery systems, 4x6 30-mm AK-630 artillery systems, 2x12 RBU-6000, 2x3 533-mm TA (6 torpedoes 53-65), 2 anti-submarine helicopters IAR-316 "Alouette-Z" or 1 helicopter IAR-330 "Puma".
Crew: 270 people (25 officers).
A multipurpose ship of its own design, until 2001 belonged to the class of destroyers. It was originally called "Muntenia". During the design, the designers made serious mistakes concerning, first of all, ensuring the stability of the ship. In 1988, the destroyer, which did not fully complete the test program, was mothballed. 1990-1992 It underwent a re-equipment, during which, in order to increase stability, part of the superstructures was cut off from it, the chimney and masts were shortened, and the heavy launchers of the Termit anti-ship missiles were moved to the deck below, and special cutouts had to be made in the sides and deck for the bow complexes. At the same time, the outdated RBU-1200 was replaced with more modern RBU-6000 and turrets were installed under the Strela MANPADS. The destroyer went for trials again in 1992 under the new name "Marasesti" - it was renamed in memory of the major battle between the Russian-Romanian and German-Austrian troops that took place in the summer of 1917.
When building the ship, technologies used in civil shipbuilding were widely used. All weapons and electronic equipment were of Soviet production, and at the time of the commissioning of "Maraheshti" it looked clearly outdated. The ship was equipped with the MP-302 "Rubka" universal radar, the Harpoon anti-ship missile targeting radar, the Turel and MR-123 Vympel artillery fire control radar, the Nayada navigation radar, and the Argun GAS. There were also 2 PK-16 passive jamming launchers. At the same time, there was no CIUS on the ship - for such a large combat unit of the fleet in the 1990s it was already considered unacceptable.
In order to bring the classification of ships to NATO standards in 2001, the EM URO "Maraheshti" was officially classified as a frigate. To date, it is equipped with the INMARSAT SATCOM satellite communications system, as well as previously absent equipment for refueling on the go. Used primarily as a training ship.
Frigate "Regel Ferdinand" (F 221)
Frigate "Regina Maria" (F 222)
Displacement: standard 4100 t, full 4800 t.
Maximum dimensions: length 146.5 m, width 14.8 m, draft 6, 4 m.
Power plant: twin-shaft gas turbine COGOG - 2 Rolls-Royce Olympus TMZV 50,000 hp gas turbines and 2 Rolls-Royce Tupe RM1C 9900 hp gas turbines. with separate engine operation.
Maximum speed: 30 knots
Sailing range: 4,500 miles at 18 knots.
Armament: 1x1 76-mm automatic weapons "OTO Melara", 2x2 324-mm TA, 1 anti-submarine helicopter IAR-330 "Puma".
Crew: 273 people (30 officers).
Former British frigates F95 "London" and F98 "Coventry" of the "Brodsward" class. Purchased in Great Britain on 2003-14-01 and renamed Regina Maria and Regela Ferdinand, respectively. Arrived in Romania after refitting in 2004-2005. At present, Brodsward-class frigates of several modifications are also part of the Brazilian and Chilean navies.
Before leaving for Romania, the ships underwent a major overhaul of mechanisms in Portsmouth. Armament and electronic equipment have undergone significant simplification. So, from both frigates were completely removed missiles (anti-ship missiles "Exocet", SAM "Sea Wolf") and artillery; only TA survived. Instead of the dismantled weapon, one 76-mm OTO Melara gun was installed. The composition of the radio-electronic equipment was as follows: CACS "Ferranti" CACS 1, universal radar "Marconi" type 967/968, navigation radar "Kelvin & Hughes" 1007, optoelectronic artillery fire control system "Radamec" 2500, subkill GAS "Ferranhomson" type 2050 The electronic warfare system includes two 12-barreled 130-mm "Terma" passive jamming launchers.
Support ship "Constanta" (281)
Displacement: standard 2850 t, full 3500 t.
Maximum dimensions: 108x13, 5x3, 8 m.
Power plant: twin-shaft diesel with a capacity of 6500 hp
Maximum speed: 16 knots
Armament: 1x4 PU MANPADS "Strela", 1x2 57-mm AU, 2x2 30-mm AU AK-230, 2x4 14, 5-mm machine guns, 2x5 RBU-1200, 1 helicopter IAR-316 "Alouette-Z".
Crew: 150 people.
A floating base and ammunition transport, has cellars and cranes for transporting and transferring missiles, torpedoes and artillery shells to warships. Built in Romania at the shipyard in Braila, commissioned 1980-15-09. Electronic armament: MR-302 "Cabin" radar, MR-104 "Lynx" and MR-103 "Bars" artillery fire control radars, "Kivach" navigation radar and "Tamir-11" GAS. The PB "Midia" of the same type with "Constance", which entered service on 1982-26-02, has now been withdrawn from service and is used as a hulk.
Deck helicopters IAR-330 "Puma".
50th division of patrol ships (naval base Mangalia) includes: corvettes "Admiral Petr Berbunyanu" (260), "Vice-Admiral Eugen Rosca" (263), "Rear Admiral Eustatiu Sebastian" (264), "Rear Admiral Horia Machelariu" (265), as well as torpedo boats " Smeul "(202)," Vigelia "(204) and" Vulkanul "(209).
Type 1048 corvette "Admiral Petr Berbunyanu" (260)
Corvette type 1048 "Vice Admiral Eugen Rosca" (263)
Displacement: standard 1480 t, full 1600 t.
Maximum dimensions: length 92.4 m, width 11.4 m, draft 3.4 m.
Power plant: four-shaft diesel with a power of 13,200 h.p. Maximum speed: 24 knots
Sailing range: 1,500 miles at 18 knots
Armament: 2x2 76-mm AU AK-726, 2x2 30-mm AU AK-230, 2x16 RBU-2500, 2x2 533-mm TA (torpedoes 53-65).
Crew: 80 people (7 officers).
Designed and built in Romania at the shipyard in Mangalia, entered service on 1983-04-02 and 1987-23-04, respectively. Equipped with Soviet-made weapons. According to the official classification, they are considered frigates. Equipped with Soviet-made weapons. According to the official classification, they are considered frigates. A total of 4 ships were built, but two - "Vice-Admiral Vasile Scodrea" (261) and "Vice-Admiral Vasile Urseanu" (262) - have now been withdrawn from the fleet. The composition of electronic weapons: radar MR-302 "Cabin", radar for artillery fire control MR-104 "Lynx" and "Foot-B", navigation radar "Nayada", GAS MG-322. There are also 2 PU passive interference PK-16.
Corvette type 1048 M "Rear Admiral Eusta-tsiu Sebastian" (264)
Corvette type 1048 M "Rear Admiral Horia Machelariu" (265)
Displacement: standard 1540 t, full 1660 t.
Maximum dimensions: length 92.4 m, width 11.5 m, draft 3.4 m.
Power plant: four-shaft diesel with a power of 13,200 h.p. Maximum speed: 24 knots
Sailing range: 1,500 miles at 18 knots
Armament: 1x1 76-mm AU AK-176, 2x6 30-mm AU AK-630, 2x12 RBU-6000, 2x2 533-mm TA (torpedoes 53-65), runway for the IAR-316 Alouette-Z anti-submarine helicopter.
Crew: 95 people.
Corvettes (according to the official classification - frigates) of project 1048M were designed and built in Romania at the shipyard in Mangalia. They entered service on 1989-30-12 and 1997-29-09, respectively.
They represent a development of Project 1048 with improved armament and helicopter runway. True, there is no hangar on the ships. Construction of the second corvette - "Rear Admiral Horia Machelaru" - in 1993-1994. was frozen, but later it was nevertheless completed.
The ships are equipped with Soviet-made weapons. The composition of electronic weapons: radar MR-302 "Cabin", radar for artillery fire control MR-123 "Vympel", navigation radar "Nayada", GAS MG-322. There are also 2 PU passive interference PK-16.
Torpedo boats
Displacement: full 215 t.
Maximum dimensions: 38.6 x 7.6 x 1.85 m.
Power plant: three-shaft diesel - 3 M-504 diesel engines with a total capacity of 12,000 hp
Maximum speed: 38 knots
Sailing range: 750 miles at 25 knots.
Armament: 2x2 30 mm AK-230 AU, 4x1 533 mm TA.
Crew: 22 people (4 officers).
Built at the shipyard in Mangalia; the entire series consisted of 12 units that entered service in 1979-1982. They are a copy of the Soviet missile boats of the 205 project, but with torpedo tubes instead of missiles. To date, 9 units have been scrapped; the last three are also being prepared for write-off. Equipped with radar detection NC "Baklan" and artillery fire control radar MR-104 "Lynx".
Project 205 missile boats that were part of the Romanian Navy (6 units of Soviet and 1 unit of Romanian construction) were decommissioned until 2004.
150th division of missile corvettes (Naval base Mangalia) missile corvettes "Zborul" (188), "Pescarushul" (189) and "Lastunul" (190) were brought together. In addition, it includes a battery of coastal anti-ship missile systems "Rubezh" consisting of eight launchers.
Missile corvettes "Pescarushul" (189) and "Lastunul" (190).
Displacement: standard 385 t, full 455 t.
Maximum dimensions: 56, 1 x 10, 2 x 2, 5 m.
Power plant: two-shaft combined type COGAG-2 afterburner gas turbines M-70 with a total capacity of 24 000 hp. and 2 sustainer gas turbines M-75 with a total capacity of 8000 hp. with the possibility of joint operation of engines.
Maximum speed: 42 knots
Sailing range: 1600 miles at 14 knots.
Armament: 2x2 PU PKR
P-15M "Termit", 1x4 launchers for MANPADS "Strela", 1x1 76-mm gun AK-176M and 2x6 30-mm gun AK-630M.
Crew: 41 people (5 officers).
Representatives of a series of large missile boats of project 1241 ("Lightning"), in various modifications being built in the USSR and Russia from 1979 to the present. RCA built in Rybinsk; transferred to Romania in December 1990 (No. 188) and in November 1991 (No. 189 and No. 190, in the USSR Navy they had the designations "R-601" and "R-602"). In the Romanian Navy, they are officially classified as missile ships (Nave Purtatoare de Racchete). Equipped with a universal "Harpoon" radar, an MR-123 "Vympel" artillery fire control radar, two PK-16 passive jamming launchers.
Coastal anti-ship missile system "Rubezh"
River flotilla (PB Braila) unites two divisions - 67th river monitors and 88th river armored boats.
67th division includes river monitors of project 1316 - "Mikhail Kogalniceanu" (45), "Ion Bratianu" (46), "Laskar Katarzhiu" (47) and river artillery boats "Rakhova" (176), "Opanez" (177), "Smyrdan" (178), Posada (179), Rovinj (180).
River monitor project 1316 "Mikhail Kogalniceanu" (45)
Displacement: standard 474 t, full 550 t.
Maximum dimensions: 62.0 x 7.6 x 1.6 m.
Power plant: twin-shaft diesel with a capacity of 3800 hp
Maximum speed: 18 knots
Armament: 2x4 PU MANPADS "Strela", 2x1 100-mm AU, 2x2 30-mm AU, 2x4 14, 5-mm machine guns, 2x40 122-mm RZSO BM-21.
Crew: 52 people.
Built at the shipyard in the city of Turnu Severin according to the Romanian project, entered service on 19.12.1993, 28.12.1994 and 22.11.1996, respectively. Officially classified as monitors (Minitoare). Armed with turrets with a 100-mm gun and a 30-mm gun of national development.
River artillery boats of the "Grivitsa" type
Displacement: full 410 t.
Maximum dimensions: 50.7 x 8 x 1.5 m.
Power plant: twin-shaft diesel with a capacity of 2700 hp
Maximum speed: 1 6 knots
Armament: 1x1 100 mm AU, 1x2 30 mm AU, 2x4 and 2x1 14, 5 mm machine guns, 2x40 122 mm RZSO BM-21, up to 12 min.
Crew: 40-45 people.
Built at the shipyard in Turnu Severin in 1988-1993; the head "Grivitsa" ("Grivica"), which entered service on 1986-21-11, has now been decommissioned. Serial ships differ from the head with an increased hull length and reinforced armament (a coaxial 30-mm machine gun and two four-barreled machine guns have been added). Officially classified as large armored boats (Vedete Blindante Mari).
88th division of river armored boats equipped with nine river patrol boats (hull numbers 147-151, 154, 157, 163, 165) and an artillery boat (159).
River patrol boats type VD-12
Displacement: full 97 t.
Maximum dimensions: 33.3 x 4.8 x 0.9 m.
Power plant: twin-shaft diesel with a capacity of 870 hp
Maximum speed: 12 knots
Armament: 2x2 14.5 mm machine guns, trawls, up to 6 min.
Built in 1975-1984; the series consisted of 25 units (VD141 -VD165). Initially used as river minesweepers, now they are converted into patrol boats with a change in tactical numbers. Gradually withdrawn from the fleet.
146th division of minesweepers and minelayers (naval base Constanta) includes the base minesweepers "Lieutenant Remus Lepri" (24), "Lieutenant Lupu Dinescu" (25), "Lieutenant Dimitrie Nicolscu" (29), "Junior lieutenant Alexandru Axente" (30) and the minelayer "Vice-Admiral Constantin Balescu "(274).
Base minesweeper "Junior Lieutenant Alexandru Axente"
Displacement: full 790 t.
Maximum dimensions: 60.8 x 9.5 x 2.7 m.
Power plant: two-shaft diesel with a total capacity of 4800 hp Maximum speed: 17 knots
Armament: 1x4 PU MANPADS "Strela", 2x2 30-mm AU AK-230, 4x4 14, 5-mm machine guns, 2x5 RBU-1200, trawls.
Crew: 60 people.
Built at the shipyard in Mangalia according to the Romanian project; the head was laid down in 1984, entered service in 1987-1989. Equipped with acoustic, electromagnetic and contact trawls. The hulls of the ships are made of low-magnetic steel. Electronic weapons: radars "Nayada", "Kivach", MR-104 "Lynx" and GAS "Tamir-11".
Minelayer "Vice Admiral Constantin Belescu"
Displacement: full 1450 t.
Maximum dimensions: 79.0 x 10.6 x 3.6 m.
Power plant: twin-shaft diesel with a total capacity of 6400 hp
Maximum speed: 19 knots
Armament: 1x1 57 mm AU, 2x2 30 mm AU AK-230, 2x4 14, 5 mm machine guns, 2x5 RBU-1200, 200 min.
Crew: 75 people.
Built at the shipyard in Mangalia according to the Romanian project, entered service on November 16, 1981. The electronic armament includes the MR-302 "Cabin" radar, the MR-104 "Lynx" and MR-103 "Bars" artillery fire control radar, and the Tamir-11 GAS. "Vice Admiral Constantin Balescu" is currently used as a command ship / floating base of minesweepers. The one-type "Vice-Admiral Ion Murgescu" ("Vice-Amiral loan Murgescu"), which entered service on 1980-30-12, has now been withdrawn from the Navy. On the basis of the mine layer project at the same shipyard in Mangalia in 1980, the hydrographic and research vessel "Grigore Antipa" was built.
Formations of central subordination include: 307th Marine Battalion, 39th Diver Training Center, MTO Naval Base, 243rd Gallatis Electronic Surveillance Center, Marine Hydrographic Office, Center for Information Training and Programming Modeling, Center for Informatics, Center for Naval Medicine, Military the Mircea cel Batrin Maritime Academy, the Admiral I. Murdzhesku Naval Non-commissioned Officer Training School.
307th Marine Corps Battalion (Babadag) is a mobile unit of the Navy, designed to conduct combat operations independently or together with units of the ground forces as part of amphibious assault forces and operations to defend the sea coast. The strength of the battalion is about 600 people.
It consists of ten subunits: two amphibious landing companies (capable of landing from watercraft), two airborne assault companies on armored personnel carriers, artillery and anti-tank batteries, reconnaissance, communications and logistics platoons, as well as an engineering platoon. The battalion is armed with armored personnel carriers TAVS-79, TAVS-77 and 120-mm M82 mortars.
39th Diver Training Center (VMB Constanta) solves reconnaissance and special tasks in the interests of the General Staff and the Staff of the Romanian Navy. Reconnaissance tasks include: conducting underwater reconnaissance of the coastal strip of enemy territory, tracking the movement of ships and their location in parking areas.
Special missions, both in peacetime and in wartime, are associated with the mining of enemy ships in roadsteads and at basing points, port and hydraulic structures, bridges; preparation of crossings and landing areas; conducting anti-sabotage struggle; search and destruction of mines and land mines; ensuring the lifting and evacuation of sunken military equipment; participation in the repair of ships (change of propellers, repair of outboard fittings, steering devices, etc.).
The organizational center includes: the 175th division of combat swimmers, a mobile detachment of rapid response divers, two laboratories - hyperbaric (allows imitating divers' diving to a depth of 500 m) and research, a department for repair and testing of diving equipment, a communications and logistical unit. provision. Attached to the center are: sea tug "Grozavul", diving ship "Midia", search and rescue ship "Grigore Antipa" and diesel submarine "Dolphin" (project 877 "Varshavyanka").
Diesel submarine "Dolphin" (project 877 "Varshavyanka")
Displacement: surface 2300 t, underwater 3050 t.
Maximum dimensions: length 72.6 m, width 9.9 m, draft 6, 2 m.
Power plant: single-shaft DEU with full electric propulsion, 2 diesel generators DL42MH / PG-141 with a capacity of 2000 kW, 1 electric motor PG-141 with a capacity of 5500 hp, 1 trolling motor PG-166 with a capacity of 190 hp.
Maximum speed: surface 10 knots, underwater 17 knots
Sailing range: in RDP mode 6000 miles at a speed of 7 knots, underwater economic 400 miles at a speed of 3 knots.
Armament: 6 bow 533-mm TA (18 TEST-71 torpedoes and 53-65 or 24 mines), 1 PU MANPADS "Strela".
Crew: 52 people (12 officers)
Export modification of Project 877 submarines ("Varshavyanka"), built for the Soviet and Russian navies. The Dolphinul was ordered in 1984 and became the second (after the Polish Ozhel) submarine of this type delivered to a foreign customer. Until 1986-08-04, she was listed in the USSR Navy under the tactical number "B-801", arrived in Romania in December 1986. Submarines of projects 877E and 877EKM, in addition to Poland and Romania, were built for the Navy of Algeria, India, China and Iran. By design, the submarine is double-hull, single-rotor. Has 2 rechargeable batteries, 120 cells each. Diving depth - 300 m, autonomy - 45 days. The electronic armament includes BIUS MVU-110E "Murena", SJSC MGK-400E "Rubicon", surveillance radar MRP-25. According to a number of sources, the Delfinul submarine is in need of repair and is currently in a non-operational state (there are no batteries).
Fighting swimmers-saboteurs are equipped with diving apparatus LAR-6 and -7 from Drager (Drager, Germany), as well as equipment for underwater operations by Bushat (Beuchat, France), Zeman sub (Seeman sub, Germany) and Coltri sub (Sweden).
Naval Logistics Base (Naval Base Constanta) is intended for the logistics of the fleet forces, for the repair of ship weapons and military equipment. It includes: a naval weapons storage center, three military depots, four rear sections, a communications center and an engineering company. About 40 reserve ships and boats are assigned to the MTO base, as well as special and auxiliary vessels. The base vehicle fleet has 200 vehicles.
Panorama of naval base Constanta.
243rd center of electronic surveillance "Gallatis" (naval base Constanta) is designed to control the sea and air space in the area of operational responsibility of the national naval forces, conduct electronic warfare and organize information support for both the naval headquarters and the leadership of the armed forces.
The Marine Hydrographic Office (VMB Constanta) deals with problems of marine cartography and navigation, oceanography and issues of delimitation of sea zones. In order to ensure the safety of navigation, a developed system of navigation equipment was created. More than 150 objects are deployed on the coast of the country, including seven luminous beacons (Constanta, Mangalia, Tuzla, Midia, Gura, Portica, Sfintu, Gheorghe, Sulina), one radio beacon (Constanta) and four fog alarms (Constanta, Mangalia, Tuzla and Sulina). The department consists of five departments: Hydrography and Oceanography, Marine Cartography, Lighthouse and Navigation Safety, Meteorology and Research. At his disposal are the hydrographic vessel "Hercules" and two lifeboats.
Center for Information Training and Software Modeling (VMB Constanta) organizes events for individual combat training of naval personnel in various military registration specialties and contributes to an increase in the level of general information training of servicemen as a whole. It allows you to work out the combat coordination of crews (combat units and subunits) without involving the material part of the ships (weapons systems).
As a training and material base in the center, on the basis of personal computers, automated workstations of specialists are deployed - posts of combat crews. Here it is possible to assess the initial operational situation, simulate possible options for its development and develop recommendations for the use of naval forces, depending on the assigned tasks.
Center for Informatics (VMB Constanta) intended for information support of units and subdivisions of the Navy. He coordinates the functioning of the information infrastructure in all formations of the naval forces, collects, processes and analyzes data in the interests of ensuring the information security of the Navy. The center also administers the existing and installs new local computer networks in units and subdivisions of the Navy, their special technical support, as well as support of the official information portal of the Navy on the Internet (www.navy.ro), provides interaction with similar centers of other types and structures of the armed forces.
Naval Medical Center (Constanta) deals with the issues of medical support for the personnel of the Romanian Navy, conducts scientific research in the treatment and prevention of occupational diseases of a number of fleet specialists, in particular, in the interests of the 39th diving training center. The center has the necessary staff of medical specialists, has medical rooms and laboratories equipped with modern equipment.
At the Mircea cel Batrin naval academy (naval base Constanta) training of specialists at all levels of the national naval forces is underway. It has a training school "Vice-Admiral Constantin Belescu" designed to train officers of the command and staff level of the Navy. The academy has at its disposal the training transport ship "Albatross" and the sailing brig "Mircea".
Sailing brig "Mircea"
The Admiral Ion Murdzhescu (Naval Base Constanta) training school for non-commissioned officers prepares specialists in the following specialties: navigational affairs, naval artillery systems, anti-ship and anti-aircraft missile weapons, underwater weapons, hydroacoustics, ship power plants, electrical equipment.
The service life of most ships and boats of the naval forces is more than 20 years. According to Romanian specialists, up to 30% of them are in need of medium and major repairs, and about 60% are in need of current repairs. Due to obsolescence and physical wear and tear of power plants, navigation systems and communications, as well as financial constraints on the purchase of spare parts and modernization, only the minimum required number of warships and auxiliary vessels remains in the Navy's combat strength.
In peacetime, the main forces and assets of the Navy are in naval bases and bases in constant combat readiness. Control of the situation within the boundaries of the operational zone of responsibility is carried out by duty forces and means consisting of:
- on the Black Sea: one frigate-class ship, one auxiliary vessel each in the naval base of Constanta and Mangalia, one diving vessel;
- on the river. Danube: one monitor or river artillery (patrol) boat, one auxiliary vessel each at the bases of Tulcea and Braila.
In the event of a crisis situation and the beginning of a war, it is envisaged to carry out measures to replenish formations and units with personnel, weapons and military equipment and to deploy them from places of permanent deployment to areas of operational purpose.
Prospects for the development of the Navy
The construction of the national naval forces is carried out in accordance with the "Strategy for the Development of the Armed Forces of Romania", calculated for the period until 2025. Its main areas are:
- improvement of the organizational and staff structure, bringing it to the standards of the Alliance;
- achieving compatibility with the naval forces of other NATO member states;
- maintaining ships and boats in readiness, ensuring the fulfillment of the tasks assigned to them;
- increasing the combat capabilities of the Navy by modernizing warships in the interests of increasing their maneuverability, firepower, reducing the level of physical fields, improving weapons, technical means of navigation and communications, reconnaissance and electronic warfare, radar and hydroacoustics;
- purchase of new military equipment;
- exclusion from the Navy of ships and boats, the repair and further maintenance of which are economically inexpedient.
During this period, the Romanian Navy provides for the implementation of a number of important targeted programs. First of all, this is the completion of the deployment of an integrated communications system, surveillance and control of the surface situation of the Navy (2013). The implementation of this project was launched in 2007 with the commissioning of a new information system for the combat control of the country's naval forces (MCCIS - Maritime Command, Control and Information System). This system provided a direct connection of the Romanian Navy headquarters through dedicated optical, radio and radio relay communication channels to the automated control system of the NATO Allied Naval Forces headquarters in the Naples naval base.
Currently (with the financial support of the United States), the implementation of the second stage of the project is being completed, which provides for the commissioning of two HFSWR coastal radars (manufactured by the Canadian division of the Raytheon Corporation), capable of detecting surface targets in difficult weather conditions and in conditions of electronic countermeasures of the enemy at a distance up to 370 km. According to Western experts, the commissioning of modern radars will allow the Romanian command to bring the maritime situation control system in line with NATO criteria, as well as to provide the necessary security for the Nizhny Novgorod region. Deveselu of the American military base, where by 2015 it was planned to deploy three batteries of the "Standard-3" anti-missile system of the US global missile defense system.
The following programs are aimed at improving the structure of the ship composition and the combat capabilities of the naval forces:
1. Carrying out the second stage of modernization of the frigates "Regel Ferdinand" and "Regina Maria" (until 2014), involving the replacement of power and power plants, as well as equipping ships with more powerful onboard weapons.
At the first stage of modernization, the main part of the work on re-equipping frigates with new weapons systems, modern navigation, communication and fire control facilities was carried out by the British company BAE systems at the Portsmouth naval base (Great Britain). In particular, modern anti-submarine complexes Terma Soft-Kill Weapon System DL 12T and an automated control system for the ship CACS 5 / NAUTIS FCS were installed on the ships.
In addition, the ships are equipped with new: BAE Systems Avionics MPS 2000 communication and navigation systems - GDMSS Inmarsat B, Sperry Marine LMX 420 GPS, Sperry Marine Mk 39.
According to the calculations of the Ministry of National Defense of Romania, the total cost of work on the second stage of modernization of frigates could be about $ 450 million.
2. Purchase for the Navy of four multipurpose missile corvettes (until 2016), four minesweepers (until 2014), a support ship and four river-sea class tugs (until 2015).
3. Modernization of three missile corvettes, which are in service with the 150th missile corvettes division (until 2014), in order to ensure the compatibility of their equipment and weapons systems with ships of a similar class of other NATO countries.
4. Restoration of the combat capability of the Dolphin submarine (until 2014), which has been in a sky-ready state for the past 15 years, and the crew has completely lost professional skills in its operation. Since September 2007, the boat has been assigned to the 39th diving training center. To restore its combat capability, first of all, a major overhaul of its power plant and running units should be carried out, batteries should be replaced, and then the communication equipment should be modernized and partially replaced.
The command of the armed forces of Romania is working on the issue of the formation of an underwater component of the forces of the Romanian fleet. In this regard, along with the commissioning of the Dolphin submarine, the possibility of purchasing three more midget submarines (until 2025) is being studied.
The implementation of all the planned programs in a timely manner will allow, according to the Romanian Navy command, to significantly improve the balance of the ship composition and the combat capabilities of the fleet forces, including with their participation in NATO operations in the Black and Mediterranean Seas, as provided for by the Alliance's charter.
