History 2024, November

There are several types of periodization of world history. The most famous of them are formational periodization, which we studied in the Soviet school, and civilization periodization, which is also studied at the humanitarian faculties of universities. If we try to consider the history of mankind

At the end of the XIX century. a rivalry for influence in Mesopotamia developed between Great Britain and Germany. This happened for two reasons. First, the country's trade importance has increased since the opening of the Suez Canal. Secondly, in connection with the discovery of rich oil fields, primarily in Kurdistan

During the First World War, the territory of Persia turned into an arena of hostilities and subversive activities of agents of the belligerent powers. The north of the country was occupied by Russian troops, and the southern part was occupied by Great Britain. In the north, west, south of Persia, an anti-imperialist movement arose, especially strong in

The system of military departments at civilian universities, which developed back in Soviet times, has played a role in the post-Soviet space as well. Thousands of graduates of these departments completed military service, including taking part in hostilities, and at the same time, despite the condescending and dismissive nickname

When I visited the Iranian city of Shiraz, one of the points of my cultural program was the Military Museum of the named city, located in the palace building in the picturesque Afif-Abad garden. Not far from the entrance, in the courtyard in a worthy place, I saw a cannon, as it seemed to me, from the 19th century. How old

Mastering their half of the world, determined by the Treaty of Tordesillas with Spain in 1494, the Portuguese began "infill development" of the part of the oecumene that they inherited, the main communication space of which was the Indian Ocean. All vast territories of Asia and Africa are small even in European

During the First World War, Afghanistan remained neutral. German-Austro-Turkish mission, which tried in 1915-1916. to involve Afghanistan in the war, had no success, although these attempts were supported by the Young Afghans, Old Afghans and the leaders of the Pashtun tribes, who demanded to declare jihad

A great success of Soviet intelligence in the early 1920s was the return to Russia of a major figure of the White emigration, General Slashchev.1 This story was overgrown with many rumors and speculation during the lifetime of its protagonist. The official version, presented by the President of the Society for the Study of History

Germany, united in 1871 into an empire under the rule of William I, embarked on the path of creating a colonial power. Leading German industrialists and financiers put forward a program of broad expansion: in 1884-1885. Germany established a protectorate over Cameroon, Togo, South-West Africa

The Turkish fortress, built 565 years ago, has survived to this day so well that it gives a complete picture of the fortification art of the Ottoman Turks in the 15th century. Having become a bridgehead on the European coast of the Bosphorus Strait, Rumeli-Hisar formed with the opposite fortress

The colonial division of the world, which began in 1494 with the Treaty of Tordesillas between Spain and Portugal, towards the end of the 19th century. was not completed, despite the fact that over four centuries the world leaders changed, and the number of colonial powers increased several times. Most active players

The Crimean Khanate, which arose as a fragment of the Golden Horde in 1443, by the beginning of the 17th century. remained the only post-Horde state formation adjacent to the territory of the Moscow kingdom and not included in it

Pavel Alekseevich Rzhevsky, known in Russian jokes as "lieutenant Rzhevsky", was born in 1784 in the Ryazan province into a noble family. translator. January 1, 1801

The economic penetration of the British into Egypt began with the signing of the Anglo-Turkish Free Trade Treaty in 1838, which gave European merchants the right to trade in Egypt, which was formally part of the Ottoman Empire. After the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, Egypt became

We propose to consider the work of L.D. Trotsky “Joseph Stalin. The experience of characterization ", published in the book" Trotsky L. Portraits of Revolutionaries "(M., 1991, pp. 46-60), in the part concerning the Second World War. For the convenience of the analysis, Trotsky's text is highlighted in bold

Already in 1918 in Tashkent, the Cheka 1 officers suppressed the attempts of the British agent F.-M. Bailey 2 by his activities in Central Asia to activate the Basmach movement. 3Many former Turkish officers served in the army and militia of Bukhara. Ex-Minister of Turkey Enver Pasha 4 took advantage of this

Some say that the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II Alexandrovich from the "Throne of the Russian State" was a volitional act, a manifestation of personal strength and courage. Others argue that there was no abdication of the last Russian emperor at all. And yet the named renunciation had

May 19, 2017 in the program “Red Project. The Cold War is a form of the world's existence. The nature of confrontation”on the TVC channel L.Ya. Gozman said at the 22nd and 23rd minutes: “Look how different it is, just about, I'm not talking about the fact that the Americans are good, but the Lord is with them, and I

Nicholas II became, in modern terms, the most ineffective manager of all Russian emperors, not counting Ivan VI Antonovich and Peter III Fedorovich, who, in fact, did not have time to accept. As for Catherine I Alekseevna and Peter II Alekseevich, they are at least nothing

In the last quarter of the XIX century. in Syria, which was part of the Ottoman Empire, anti-Turkish sentiments began to grow, as a result of which nationalist ideas arose in the circles of the Syrian-Lebanese intelligentsia. The Young Turkish Revolution of 1908 contributed to the revitalization of political

Attack of the Mongol cavalry, medieval miniature In 1220, in the midst of the military campaign to conquer Khorezm, Genghis Khan "equipped two leaders for the campaign: Jebe-Noyan and Syubete-Bahadur (Subedei), with thirty thousand (soldiers)" (An-Nasavi). They had to find and capture the escaped

On August 13, 2016, Fidel Castro turned ninety years old. The scale of this personality is truly impressive. Fidel Castro - “the last of the Mohicans”, the only living great revolutionary of the twentieth century. Everything in him is amazing - both the biography itself, and the wonderful vitality and luck

July 14, 2016. Neighborhoods of the Ukrainian Builovka village of the Podgorensky district of the Voronezh region. Cloudless sky, +35 degrees and complete calm. Pleasure, say, something else. But there are a dozen or so "small ships" on the water, that is, boats, and the shores are filled with people. Swept through the area

Once, when I was giving a lecture to students about the topics of modern political journalism, someone asked me what you can write about when there is absolutely nothing to write, but you have to write. “Write about the gold of the party,” I advised. - Nobody knows if it was at all and how much it was, but the logic

Employees of PMC "Academi" Today we will talk a little about private military companies, the idea of creating which belongs to David Stirling (about him was described in the last article: "David Stirling, Special Air Service and PMC Watchguard International"). This idea of the founder of SAS turned out to be very successful , v

On International Women's Day, I would like to congratulate those women to whom we owe our lives, but on earth they cannot be given flowers. You can only bring bouquets to the monument. One of these women is Galina Konstantinovna Petrova, Hero of the Soviet Union. She would have turned 100 this September, but

Every spring, when Victory Day is approaching, television begins to show feature films dedicated to the Great Patriotic War. In all honesty, most of them are simply speculating on a great topic. It is necessary to sell to the man in the street burping in front of the TV with a bottle of beer in his hand

The 115th anniversary of the birth of one of the outstanding poets of the twentieth century - the Nobel Prize in Literature Pablo Neruda, passed almost imperceptibly. But once his books were published in the USSR in very solid circulations, many Soviet poets translated and dedicated poems to him, in his name

July 15 marks the 110th anniversary of the birth of Boris Gorbatov, a writer, journalist and war correspondent. This anniversary passed somehow imperceptibly, although his works sound in a special way, taking into account the current situation in his homeland - Donbass. I especially want to quote some lines right now

75 years ago, on August 1, 1943, the last battle of the Soviet pilot Lydia Vladimirovna Litvyak took place. A fight from which she did not return. A short life was meted out to this girl - she did not live to be 22 years old. She had a fairly short frontline biography. And she had only a month of personal

With the direct participation of the United States, many politicians around the world have been killed. Usually before the murder is followed by a monstrous campaign to demonize the enemy, who is presented as a “dictator”, “tyrant” and even “animal.” But even in Washington one politician could not be called a “dictator”:

War breaks into people's lives unexpectedly. Both adults and children suffer from it. The latter, as a rule, become victims or refugees, but few of the guys are brought to become heroes and fight side by side with adults. Sometimes, in order to protect what is dear to a young soul, you need to endure many trials and

115 years ago, on February 23, 1903, a man was born who for several generations became a symbol of fortitude, courage and honesty - journalist, writer, fighter against fascism Julius Fucik. True, after a series of "velvet revolutions" that destroyed the socialist camp, the name of this heroic anti-fascist tried

In November last year, the network "exploded" from the behavior of schoolboy Kolya from Urengoy, who, speaking in the Bundestag, actually justified the fascist invaders. Of course, you can write off his passages about the "innocently killed" Nazi soldiers for some abstract humanism: "the boys were driven to the slaughter."

The well, during the clearing of which the remains of 16 people were found. Having freed their lands from the Nazis, the Red Army and the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs in some regions were forced to fight also with nationalist formations - former allies and assistants of the occupiers. As such a struggle

In this article I will try to prove that Napoleon I in no way wanted the restoration of the Commonwealth, but on the contrary, tried in every possible way to solve the "Polish question" with Russia, but Alexander I, apparently, did not want this and tried to use it as a justifying the next offensive

The Chess Players. An allegorical painting by F.M. Rezschem in the 19th Century At all times and all eras, people have wanted to know the future and their destiny. The world seemed huge and terrible, full of hostile forces, and the theme of death runs like a black thread throughout the history of mankind

Tank of the Wehrmacht Pz.Kpfw. 38 (t), produced in Czechoslovakia. Today, when the monument to the liberator of this city, Soviet Marshal Ivan Konev, was demolished in Prague, its streets and squares are renamed demonstratively, in spite of Moscow, and many Czech politicians are practicing Russophobia

Washington was convinced that if Japan went to war, it would not be against the United States. Nothing could shake the American leadership: Japan's attack on Russia is absolutely guaranteed. Hence the mystery of the Day of Shame, December 7, 1941. The miscalculation of the Americans and the British was that they

On August 16, 1870, Prussian forces bound the French army at the Battle of Mars-la-Tour. The French troops, falling into the encirclement, were forced to retreat several kilometers north of the battlefield, thereby driving themselves into an even greater trap. For two days, the Germans received large reinforcements and