History
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The beginning of the 1720 campaign was characterized by the fact that Sweden almost completely depleted its military potential and became dependent on British diplomacy. London tried to create a broad anti-Russian coalition to "protect Europe" from Russia. January 21 (February 1) a union treaty was signed
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Sweden was the traditional rival of Russia-Russia in the North of Europe. Even after the Russian state crushed the Swedish Empire in the Northern War of 1700-1721, the Swedes unleashed several more wars. In an effort to return the lands lost as a result of the Northern War (Estonia, Livonia
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Pierre de Coubertin, reviving the Olympic Games, preached the principle of "Sports outside politics". However, spectators of the first Olympics already witnessed political demarches. And in 1936, the Olympic Games were first used for political purposes by the state. The "initiator" of the tradition of "political
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“I will overthrow you from the firmament, I will throw you up like a lion, I will not leave anyone alive in your kingdom, I will betray your cities, lands and lands to Fire.” (Fazlullah Rashid ad-Din. Jami-at-Tavarikh. Baku: "Nagyl Evi", 2011. P.45) Recent publication on the "Military Review" of the material "Why did they create
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Varanga was a source of personnel for both the Byzantine and European armies. The great Aetheriarchs and Akolufs led military formations and formations at different theaters of operations. So, Feoktist in the 30s. XI century acted in Syria, and Mikhail in the middle of the same century - on the Pechenezh front and in Armenia
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The history of the most famous German raider of the Great War The light cruiser Emden of the German Imperial Navy can literally be considered one of the most famous warships of the Great War. His combat path is short-lived - just over three months. But during this time he
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225 years ago, on August 28-29 (September 8-9), 1790, the battle took place at Cape Tendra. The Black Sea Fleet under the command of Fyodor Ushakov defeated the Turkish fleet under the command of Hussein Pasha. The victory at Cape Tendra in the military campaign of 1790 ensured the lasting domination of the Russian fleet in the Black
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The ranks of the knights mingled, there were hundreds of them, and everyone struck and attacked, using their weapons. Whom will the Lord choose, to whom will success send? There you could see stones deadly years, A lot of torn chain mail and cut armor, And how spears and blades both wound and sore. And the sky is such a jumble of arrows
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Not so long ago, one of the visitors to the VO website asked me what kind of armor survived from the 12th century, and was there really stainless steel then? Amazing, isn't it? Why is it amazing? Yes, simply because in XII there is no armor, that is, protective equipment made of solid forged metal plates
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As a rule, in life, the most difficult questions are to answer the simplest questions. It was this "simple" question of what prompted us to turn to the topic of air rams committed by Soviet pilots during the Great Patriotic War, and was asked to the authors when preparing this article for publication. Wanted
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Taking Tenochtitlan. 17th Century Spanish Image Exhausted by a 93-day siege, the city was finally conquered. You could no longer hear the furious cries of "Santiago!" Or the hoarse war cries of Indian warriors on its streets. By the evening, the merciless massacre also subsided - the victors themselves were exhausted by stubborn battles and
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Since the time of the notorious "perestroika", historical science has turned into a field of political battles, which are often waged not only by professional historians, but also by numerous "folk historians" who do not even have elementary knowledge. The purpose of information wars is to deform consciousness
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This year the country will celebrate the 67th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. But even so many years after the end of that terrible war, its history is full of blank spots. One of these white spots is the history of Soviet fighter aviation, or rather its main tactical
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Until recently, Normanism was understood as a system of views, resting on three pillars: the first is the Scandinavian origin of the chronicled Varangians, the second - Rurik was the leader of the Scandinavian detachments, moreover, either a conqueror, or a contract soldier (for more than 200 years, the Normanists have not
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The Mongol invasion of Russia in 1237-1241 did not become a big disaster for some Russian politicians of that time. On the contrary, they even improved their position. The chronicles do not hide especially the names of those who may have been a direct ally and partner of the notorious "Mongol-Tatars". Among them is a hero
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Shot from the series "Mehmed: Conqueror of the World" The seventh Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II, as you know, went down in history under the nickname Fatih - the Conqueror. Paolo Veronese. Portrait of Sultan Mehmed II It was during his reign in 1453 that Constantinople fell, and the territory of the Ottoman state for 30 years (from
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Colonial possessions in the West Indies have always been of strategic importance to the British Empire. First, they allowed control of the military-political situation and trade in the Caribbean; secondly, they were important producers and exporters of sugar cane, rum and other
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On the eve of the 200th anniversary of the Bucharest Peace Treaty on May 16 (28), 1812, the REGNUM IA publishes an article by Vasily Kashirin, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher at the Russian Institute for Strategic Studies (RISS), which is an expanded version of its
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435 years ago, on January 5 (15), 1582, the Yam-Zapolsky peace treaty was concluded. This peace was concluded between the Russian kingdom and the Commonwealth in the village of Kiverova Gora, near Yam Zapolsky, in a town not far from Pskov. This document, among other diplomatic acts, summed up
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Fight for Venden Stefan Batory planned not only to repulse the cities and fortresses of Livonia conquered by the Russian troops, but to inflict a series of decisive blows on the Russian state. The Polish king planned to cut off the Russian troops in the Baltic from Russia and capture Polotsk and Smolensk, so that then
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Kasper Leuken. Deposition of Sultan Mehmed IV The last sultan, about whom we managed to talk about in the previous article ("Game of Thrones" in the Ottoman Empire. Fatih's law in action and the emergence of cafes) was a strong man Murad IV, who died of cirrhosis of the liver at the age of 28 years. And now it's time for shehzade
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Traditionally, in Russia, people assigned their own names to each of their man-made creation, thereby wishing to endow them with the features of a living soul. Over time, this rule extended to the Air Fleet. Russia, following the example of France, at the end of the 18th century embarked on the path of airspace development
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The reconquista on the Iberian Peninsula lasted more than 7 centuries. It was a time of glorious victories and bitter defeats, treacherous betrayals and heroic devotion. The struggle of Christians against the Moors gave Spain, probably, one of its most famous national heroes - Rodrigo Diaz de Vivara, who
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Foreign intelligence officers, especially illegal intelligence officers, have never been deprived of state and departmental awards. Military and labor awards of our state, as well as honorary state and departmental badges are widely presented in the showcases of the Hall of History of Foreign Intelligence
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How Mikhail Gorbachev was left without people loyal to him 9th KGB Directorate: 1985–1992 Studying the history of personal protection in the USSR reveals a clear tendency: if those attached to the guarded had good relations, they remained faithful to him until the end, even after his death. Conversely: arrogance
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Herzegovinians in ambush, illustration from the magazine "Srbadija", 1876 The ancestors of the Bosnians are believed to have appeared in the Balkans along with other Slavic tribes around 600 AD. NS. The first mention of the Bosnians in a written source is recorded in 877: this document speaks of the Bosnian
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Since 1983, the seriously ill Enver Hoxha gradually transferred power to Ramiz Aliya, who became his successor. Enver Hoxha died on April 11, 1985, and the new Albanian leadership did not accept (sent back) a telegram expressing condolences from the USSR (where the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee was already
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In 1868, the Bukhara Emirate fell into vassal dependence on the Russian Empire, having received the protectorate status. Existing since 1753 as the successor of the Bukhara Khanate, the emirate of the same name was created by the tribal aristocracy of the Uzbek clan Mangyt. It was from him that the first Bukhara emir came
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His life was like a Hollywood movie. A boy from a remote village, the son of a political exile managed to become a hero of a new country. He, being in the thick of things, kept his ship afloat for many years. But, unlike the film, the ending turned out to be much more prosaic. Nikolay
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Sarajevo, the skeleton of the T-54 tank, April 1, 1996 We finished the article The Ottoman period in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina with a report on the collapse of four great empires - Russian, German, Austrian and Ottoman. In this we will continue the story about the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina from December 1918 to our
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In previous articles, it was told about the situation of various communities of Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire, the evolution of the situation of people who refuse to practice Islam, and the independence of the countries of the Balkan Peninsula. In the next two we will talk about the last years of the empire
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As you remember from the article The Crisis of the Ottoman Empire and the Evolution of the Position of Gentiles, the first Armenians in the Ottoman state appeared after the conquest of Constantinople in 1453. They lived here for a long time, and the first Armenian church in this city was built in the middle of the XIV century. To
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Monument of the Republic at Taksim Square, Istanbul So, we will continue the story of the history of Turkey begun in the article The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and talk about the emergence of the Turkish Republic. War of Turkey with Greece In 1919, the so-called Second Greco-Turkish War began. May 15, 1919, even before the signing
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Al Pacino as Cuban gangster in the movie "Scarface" The article "Old" Sicilian Mafia told about the history of the emergence of the mafia in Sicily and the traditions of this criminal community. We also talked about the fight that he waged against the mafia Mussolini, and the revenge of the Duce mafia on
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In this article, in addition to Al Capone, we will begin a story about the new mafia - Cosa Nostra, which has settled in the United States of America. From previous articles, you should remember that the name Cosa Nostra (Our Business) became widely known in the United States after 1929. Many researchers believe that
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A shot from the series "The Birth of the Mafia: New York" In the previous articles of the series, it was told about the "old" Sicilian mafia, the appearance of mafia in New Orleans and Chicago, the "dry law" and "conference" in Atlantic City, about Al Capon and gang wars in Chicago. Now we'll talk about mafia clans
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In the previous article (Armenian pogroms in the Ottoman Empire and the massacre of 1915-1916), it was told about the beginning of the Armenian pogroms in this state (which began in 1894) and about the large-scale massacre of Armenians in 1915 and subsequent years, which for the first time in history was called genocide. In this part we
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Still from the series "The Birth of the Mafia" In the article Mafia Clans of New York: Genovese and Gambino, we began a story about five famous "families" who settled in this city. Now we will talk about the Bonanno, Lucchese and Colombo clans, and also finish the story about the Chicago Mafia Syndicate. Clan shards
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Still from the series "The Birth of the Mafia" (episode "Equal Opportunities") An article by the Mafia in New York talked about the emergence of the mafia in this city and about the famous "reformer" Lucky Luciano. Now let's start a story about the five mafia clans of New York and the Chicago Syndicate. We remember that only in the United States at present
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Arrested Camorista Amalia Carotenuto In previous articles, we talked about the history of the Campanian Camorra, the modern clans of this criminal community, casually mentioning the women of these "families". Now let's talk about some of them in more detail. Camorris In this photo we see another