Air defense

Last modified: 2025-01-24 09:01

In the first half of the 70s, the gradual elimination of the positions of the previously deployed air defense systems began in the United States. First of all, this was due to the fact that ICBMs became the main means of delivery of Soviet nuclear weapons, against which they could not serve as protection. Experiments on use as

Last modified: 2025-01-24 09:01

Since the second half of the 60s, anti-aircraft missile systems began to play a noticeable role in the course of regional conflicts, significantly changing the tactics of using combat aviation. Now the side of the conflict, which possessed overwhelming air superiority, could not achieve unambiguous dominance on

Last modified: 2025-01-24 09:01

The end of the Cold War and the collapse of the USSR for some time reduced the threat of a large-scale military conflict. Against this background, the countries participating in the global confrontation have experienced serious reductions in their armed forces and military budgets. It seemed to many that after the collapse of the communist ideology

Last modified: 2025-01-24 09:01

By the mid-60s in the USSR, the problem of creating medium and short-range air defense systems was successfully solved, but taking into account the vast territory of the country, the formation of defense lines on probable routes of flight of a potential enemy's aviation to the most populated and industrialized regions of the USSR using these

Last modified: 2025-01-24 09:01

Air defense missile systems have always been and remain among the leaders of the most advanced intelligent, high-tech and expensive types of military equipment. Therefore, the possibility of their creation and production, as well as the possession of advanced technologies at the industrial level, the availability of appropriate

Last modified: 2025-01-24 09:01

In the 50-60s, in a number of countries that had the necessary scientific and technical potential, anti-aircraft missile systems (SAM) were created. For medium and long-range air defense systems of the first generation, as a rule, radio command guidance of anti-aircraft guided missiles (SAM) to the target was used

Last modified: 2025-01-24 09:01

In 1973, the British Navy entered service with a long-range air defense system (Sea Dart), developed by Hawker Siddeley Dynamics. It was intended to replace the not-so-successful Sea Slag. The first ship armed with this complex was the Type 82 destroyer Bristol. On

Last modified: 2025-01-24 09:01

On December 11, 1957, by the Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the SA-75 "Dvina" anti-aircraft missile system with a 1D (B-750) missile was adopted for the armament of the country's air defense and the air defense of the Ground Forces (more details here: The first Soviet mass air defense system S-75) . SAM family S-75 for a long time formed the basis

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By the mid-70s of the XX century, our military in the course of local conflicts in the Middle East and Southeast Asia have accumulated rich combat experience in the use of anti-aircraft missile systems. First of all, this applied to the S-75 air defense system. This complex, originally created to combat high-rise

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After the creation of nuclear weapons in the United States, its main carriers until the mid-60s of the XX century were strategic long-range bombers. Due to the rapid growth rates of flight data of combat jet aircraft, in the 50s, it was predicted that it would appear within the next decade

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A few days ago, a publication appeared on Voennoye Obozreniye in the News section, which spoke of the transfer of several S-300PS air defense missile systems to Kazakhstan. A number of site visitors have taken the liberty of suggesting that this is a Russian payment for using the early

Last modified: 2025-01-24 09:01

At the time of the collapse, in 1991, the Soviet Union had the most powerful air defense system, which had no equal in world history. Almost the entire territory of the country, with the exception of part of Eastern Siberia, was covered with a continuous continuous radar field. To the Troops

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Ukraine After the collapse of the Soviet Union, a powerful grouping of air defense forces remained in Ukraine, the likes of which were not found in any of the Union republics. Only Russia possessed a large arsenal of anti-aircraft weapons. In 1992, the airspace of the Ukrainian SSR was defended by two corps (49th and 60th) of the 8th

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After the end of World War II, the American armed forces received a significant number of medium and large-caliber anti-aircraft guns, small-caliber anti-aircraft guns and machine gun installations. If in the fleet the role of anti-aircraft artillery remained for quite a long time, since the naval

Last modified: 2025-06-01 06:06

Despite the fact that the American military has lost interest in anti-aircraft artillery, the development of new anti-aircraft installations of medium and small caliber in the post-war period did not stop. In 1948, a 75-mm automatic anti-aircraft gun M35 revolving type was created in the USA. Ammunition for this gun when

Last modified: 2025-01-24 09:01

In the second part of the review devoted to Ukraine, several readers in the comments expressed a desire to familiarize themselves with the location of Ukrainian anti-aircraft systems as of 2016. For example, Sibiralt writes: “It would be nice to see the" schemes "for the deployment of Ukrainian air defense systems not for

Last modified: 2025-01-24 09:01

Germany After the defeat of Germany in the First World War by the Treaty of Versailles, it was forbidden to have and create anti-aircraft artillery, and already built anti-aircraft guns were subject to destruction. In this regard, work on the design and implementation of new anti-aircraft guns in metal was carried out in Germany

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This part of the review will focus on the Central Asian republics: Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Before the collapse of the USSR, units of the 12th separate air defense army (12 air defense OA), 49th and 73rd air armies (49 and 73 VA) were deployed on the territory of these republics. In the 80s, Central Asian

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Kazakhstan In Soviet times, the Kazakh SSR occupied a special place in ensuring the defense capability of the Soviet Union. Several of the largest polygons and test centers were located on the territory of the republic. In addition to the well-known Semipalatinsk nuclear test site and the Baikonur cosmodrome, an important

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Georgia Until the end of the 80s, units of the 19th separate Tbilisi Air Defense Army, which were part of the 14th Air Defense Corps, were located on the territory of Georgia. On February 1, 1988, in connection with organizational and staff activities, the 14th Air Defense Corps was reorganized into the 96th Air Defense Division. It included three anti-aircraft missile

Last modified: 2025-01-24 09:01

Azerbaijan Until 1980, the skies over Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, the Stavropol Territory and the Astrakhan Region were defended by parts of the Baku Air Defense District. This operational formation of the air defense forces of the USSR, which carried out the tasks of the air defense of the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia, was formed in 1942

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Russian Federation. Anti-aircraft missile and radio-technical troops Unlike the United States and European NATO countries, in our country there is a significant number of anti-aircraft missile systems and medium and long-range systems on alert. But compared to Soviet times, their number

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Anti-aircraft artillery appeared soon after airplanes and dirigibles began to be used for military purposes. Initially, conventional infantry guns of medium caliber on various makeshift machines were used for firing at air targets. In this case, shrapnel shells were used with

Last modified: 2025-01-24 09:01

Russian Federation. Fighter aircraft The final two parts of the review are devoted to the state of the Russian air defense system. Initially, it was one publication, but in order not to tire readers with a large amount of information, I had to split it into two parts. I want to warn you right away: if you are a "hurray-patriot" and

Last modified: 2025-01-24 09:01

Armenia Even before the collapse of the Soviet Union, an ethnopolitical conflict began between Armenia and Azerbaijan. It had long-standing cultural, political and historical roots and flared up during the years of "perestroika". In 1991-1994, this confrontation led to large-scale hostilities for control of Nagorny

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FranceThe anti-aircraft artillery of France failed to have a noticeable effect on the course of hostilities. If Soviet and German anti-aircraft guns, in addition to their main purpose, were actively used to destroy tanks and other ground targets, and the British and American ones were quite successful

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Considering the Japanese anti-aircraft weapons that were in the army and navy during the Second World War, it can be noted that most of it did not meet modern requirements. This was partly due to the weakness of Japanese industry and resource scarcity, and partly a lack of understanding of Japanese

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Since the mid-60s, despite the declared neutrality, the Swedish air defense system was actually integrated into the NATO air defense system in Europe. In Sweden, even earlier than in NATO, the creation of an automated control system for active air defense assets STRIL-60 began. Before that in Sweden

Last modified: 2025-01-24 09:01

After the end of World War II, the American armed forces had a significant number of medium and large-caliber anti-aircraft guns, small-caliber anti-aircraft guns and 12.7 mm machine gun mounts. By 1947, about half of the anti-aircraft positions of 90 and 120 mm guns in the United States were

Last modified: 2025-01-24 09:01

Talking about the air defense system of the United States and Canada, one cannot fail to mention a completely unique anti-aircraft system in its performance and even now inspiring respect for its characteristics. The CIM-10 Bomark complex appeared due to the fact that representatives of the Air Force and the Army had different views on the principles of construction

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The 11th Air Force of the USAF (English Eleventh Air Force - 11 AF) is responsible for the inviolability of the US air borders in the polar latitudes. 11 AF's duties include, among other things, patrolling the Bering Sea area, radar surveillance of the Russian Far East, and intercepting Russian

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During World War II, Great Britain was forced to spend significant resources to defend against devastating German air raids. In September 1939, the British air defense was completely unprepared for war. The air attack warning network was in

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Until the mid-50s, the basis of the air defense of the British Ground Forces was the anti-aircraft systems adopted on the eve of or during the Second World War: 12.7-mm Browning M2 machine guns, 20-mm Polsten anti-aircraft guns and 40-mm Bofors L60, as well as 94-mm anti-aircraft guns 3.7-Inch QF AA. For his

Last modified: 2025-01-24 09:01

In the mid-50s, it became clear that British fighters were far behind American and Soviet peers. While in other countries, not only interceptors, but also supersonic front-line fighters were mass-produced and adopted, the Royal Air Force continued to operate and

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Along with the improvement of interceptors and detection tools, the command structure underwent major changes. In 2005, by the time the IUKADGE system was built, 11 different objects were operating in the United Kingdom - command posts, analytical centers

Last modified: 2025-01-24 09:01

By the beginning of the 70s, nuclear missile parity was achieved between the USSR and the United States, and the parties came to the understanding that an armed conflict with the use of strategic nuclear weapons would inevitably lead to the mutual destruction of the parties. Under these conditions, the United States adopted the concept of "Limited nuclear

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In addition to equipping its radio engineering units with modern means of lighting the air situation, Iran pays great attention to the creation of combat information and control systems. Before the beginning of the 2000s, command posts were equipped with outdated automatic control systems

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Until the overthrow of the last Iranian shah, Mohammed Reza Pahlavi in 1979, the Iranian air defense and air forces were equipped mainly with American and British-made equipment. In the mid-60s of the last century, a large-scale rearmament program was adopted in Iran, but

Last modified: 2025-01-24 09:01

During the Iran-Iraq war, the British-made Rapier low-altitude air defense systems played a significant role in repelling the Iraqi air raids. These complexes were actively used until about the second half of the 90s. However, due to wear and tear and the inability to purchase conditioned missiles and spare parts

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The creation of an effective air defense system is impossible without modern fighter-interceptors based on ground and shipborne radars, as well as radar patrol aircraft and automated guidance systems. If with radars and anti-aircraft missile systems, the situation is more or less