History 2024, November

Memory erosion is an interesting thing. The leaders of the Hungarian Communist Party, who were helped to gain a foothold in power in 1956, primarily by Russian tanks, preferred not to think about it at all. However, their memory denied them even more memories. About who fought for real freedom in Hungary more

It turns out that in the vast expanses of the former Soviet Union after 1961, there are almost no objects named after the Battle of Stalingrad. And if with the cities and streets named after Stalin, the renaming can somehow be understood, then is it really due to the notorious "overcoming

The very first attempt by Hungary to get out of the dictate of the Kremlin threatened not just a repetition of 1919. As an independent power in some way, Hungary found itself on the brink of self-destruction. But all this was prevented, no matter how the anti-Soviets disputed it, it was timely and even a little belated

Admiral William Sydney Smith. Fate was pleased to dispose of so that the glory of the first winner of Napoleon, in those years still General Bonaparte, fell to his lot. The life of Sydney Smith was more abrupt than the plot of any adventure novel, which, however, is not surprising for that heroic era. He

The Egyptian expedition occupies a special place in the history of Napoleonic campaigns. This is the only one of the campaigns that the great commander conducted outside of Europe. Next to it, but with a big stretch, you can put only the campaign of 1812. For several months, General Bonaparte's army fought in

Foolishness done by others does not help us to become smarter. Napoleon Bonaparte, Memorial de Saint-Helene It is not easy to find in history a figure as striking and more controversial than the Emperor Napoleon. Hardly any other of the greats got so much attention, so much enthusiasm and

It all began with the debunking of Stalin's "personality cult". This undertaking by Khrushchev, designed primarily to whitewash him and his closest associates, immediately scared away those who were not going to abandon this inheritance, no matter how terrible it may be. The communists were the first to leave, followed by

Long before the recognition of Polish independence, Russia abandoned all attempts to return these imperial territories at least to its zone of influence. However, the Bolsheviks, completely forgetting that every Pole is a master in his soul, for some reason seriously decided that it was possible to make the Polish proletariat happy and the downtrodden

February 19 marks the 65th anniversary of the adoption of the epoch-making decision of the first secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Nikita Khrushchev to transfer the Crimean region of the RSFSR to Ukraine. A lot has already been written about this, although not so long ago the topic was decided, if not to hide, then at least not to advertise. However, few

The Russian delegation returned to Brest on January 9 (the old calendar still operates in Russia, on which December 27), and it was already headed by Leon Trotsky himself, the people's commissar for foreign affairs, the second person in the red government. All the diplomatic tinsel of instructions he received from the Central Committee and personally from the head of the Council

What epithets and nicknames did not endow the Soviet people with Nikita Khrushchev, who, unexpectedly for many, replaced Joseph Stalin himself as the country's leader. "Nikita the Miracle Worker" in this series is perhaps the most affectionate, even complimentary. Many of his miracles, like the "Queen of the Fields" of corn

The rest of the days, the rest of the blizzards, Destined to the towers in the eighteenth B. Pasternak, "The Kremlin in the Blizzard of 1918" The fact that the victors of October were ready in advance for separate negotiations with Germany and Austria is by no means a proven fact once and for all. For the Bolsheviks themselves, all the famous slogans

The February revolution in Russia became perhaps the most important milestone in the solution of the Polish question. On March 27 (14), 1917, the Petrograd Soviet of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies adopted an appeal to the "Polish people", which said that "the democracy of Russia … proclaims that Poland has the right

The Karachay-Cherkess Republic is another Caucasian autonomy, which is still trying in vain to overcome and forget the difficult legacy of eviction during the Great Patriotic War. However, as it turned out, it is no less difficult to forget the period that is commonly called the "first wave of return"

The 60th anniversary of the Cuban Revolution is a unique date not only in Latin American but also in world history. In the conditions of almost half a century of the most severe blockade by the United States, having lost its military and political allies in the person of the USSR and most of the socialist countries, Cuba was able to both survive and develop. Clearly

You may not be a cadet … Purishkevich to P. Milyukov, from behind-the-scenes conversations in the State Duma There were many of them not only in the ranks of the Bolsheviks and other left-wing parties, but also among those who "organized" February

It is unlikely that anyone would argue that the current situation in interethnic relations in the North Caucasus is complicated, perhaps more than ever before. However, few people will remember that the origins of countless border disputes, violent conflicts between republics and individual ethnic groups go deep into

In Germany, many wanted to know if the new Polish kingdom would become a reliable ally. Only two comrades-in-arms, Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg and General Erich von Ludendorff, who did not care at all who to put under arms, had no doubts about this

Plans for the destruction of the USSR, and then Russia, as well as other potentially dangerous states for the United States, were accepted and are in effect without a statute of limitations. Much has been written about them in both print and online sources, but for many years the Russian leadership followed those who rose to power in the USSR after

The reaction of the Poles to the proclamation of the Kingdom of Poland by Germany and Austria-Hungary was extremely ambiguous. Surprisingly, even after more than two years of war and a year of complete occupation, Russian supporters in the total population of three parts of the country were still in the majority. Moreover, not

Let the Dombrowski Mazurka burst louder! A. Mitskevich, "Pan Tadeusz" In the summer of 1916, the brilliant victories of the Southwestern Front of General Brusilov put Austria-Hungary on the edge of the abyss. The Germans had to abandon attempts to snatch victory at Verdun and urgently save an ally. But the Russians

The other day Warsaw, having essentially kept silent about Kerch, once again voiced threats against the Russian-German Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline. Something similar happened in the late 1930s, especially at the end of that decade. Then a lot in Poland changed with the death of the long-term leader of the country and

Is it true that most of the spies are Jews? - Of course, there are Jews among the spies, but there are much more Polish spies. From the front-line conversations of Prince Obolensky, August 1915 In the spring of 1915, Nicholas II went on an inspection trip to the front. Obviously, in a simple visit to the Russian troops

Germany and Austria, in an effort to "squeeze" Poland from the Russians, quite quickly went on a serious liberalization of the occupation regime. But this could hardly have pushed the Poles themselves to fight for complete independence, as before, claiming only autonomy. Eager to play on those mistakes

In the summer of 1915, perfectly understanding the sad prospect of the loss of Poland, the Russian command again began to create Polish national combat formations. And this time with the inclusion of prisoners. A year and a half later, this in no way prevented Russian politicians from resenting

Maybe China and Albania were right in accusing the Khrushchev leadership of replacing Stalin's ashes after his removal? The first hints of what was done were contained in the comments of the Voice of America, BBC and Radio Liberty back in March-April 1953, and with references to Vasily Stalin, the son of the leader

The allies expressed support for Russia without much enthusiasm, the central powers rushed with their own declarations, and the neutrals were even slightly at a loss because of the prospects opening up for them. London, which generously paid for the efforts of the "Russian steam rink", and Paris, which, for fear of

Appreciate the regrettable knowledge, child of Europe, who received Gothic cathedrals by will … the works of Descartes, Spinoza and the loud word "honor." popular

The Petrograd sky was cloudy with rain. Blok Stolypin's idea of separating the Kholmsk region nevertheless became a reality, albeit only after the death of the outstanding prime minister, when the real threat of world war was already hanging over the Old World. Soon the Balkans, this powder magazine of Europe, shook two

On the eve of the press center of the MIA "Russia Segodnya" received French guests. They were waiting for the military attaché General Ivan Martin, but he was successfully replaced by the historian Pierre Malinovsky and Marie Bellega, the granddaughter of Fyodor Mamontov, one of the soldiers who fought as part of the Russian expeditionary corps in the French

Collect the scattered temple of Russian national feeling! Pyotr Stolypin, from a speech in the State Duma on May 5, 1908 The first interim results on the Kholm issue were summed up by the next Special interdepartmental meeting, held in 1902 under the chairmanship of K.P. Pobedonostsev. It

October 1993 was immediately called "black". The confrontation between the Supreme Soviet and the president and the government ended with the shooting of the "White House" from tank cannons - it looks like the whole autumn of that time was black. In the center of Moscow, not far from the Krasnopresnenskaya metro station, it has been preserved for many years

“On Ostankino!” When it seemed that one could not count on a successful outcome, the day came on October 3. I don’t remember how I learned that the president’s opponents, who had gathered on Smolenskaya Square, two kilometers from the White House, dispersed the internal troops who were blocking their path

It is customary to associate the Kholmsk question with the name of Stolypin. However, the very idea of consolidating a significant part of the former Polish territories in the Romanov empire in case the Kingdom fell away arose much earlier, after the first Russian-Polish war of 1830-1831. And according to the old Russian tradition, speech

The approach of the two empires to the solution of the Polish question was fundamentally different from the German-Prussian course of depolonization. If Austria-Hungary preferred to assimilate the Poles, then Russia - to give them a separate "apartment" like the Finnish. Viennese waltz is danced in Krakow For the Austro-Hungarian Empire

Back in 1883, thirty years before World War II, Otto von Bismarck told Prince Hohenlohe that a war between Russia and Germany would inevitably lead to the creation of an independent Poland. Caricaturists adored him, but for some reason Bismarck's predictions tend to come true, and recipes work. considering such

To expel three despots (do not hesitate a day longer!) A. Mitskevich, "Pan Tadeusz" In Krakow, but the Germans were dancing in the hall … The Pole moved his mustache - everyone ran away … only a more or less bad decision”(1). These

In Poland, their national revival is customarily associated with the final defeat in the First World War of Imperial Germany and the patchwork empire of the Habsburgs. But the first real steps towards the restoration of the historical statehood of Poland were made by Russia. Not France and not the United States, and already

Unfortunately, during the video bridge, which took place on the anniversary of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact on August 23 at the Rossiya Segodnya Pact, the organizers did not manage to involve its most fierce critics in the discussion. And in general, the 79th anniversary of the signing of the Soviet-German non-aggression pact was marked, perhaps, only by

A little more than a year has passed since the beginning of the war, when the supreme power in Russia lost almost all the levers of control. One of the signs of the crisis in power was the incessant changes in the government, the notorious ministerial leapfrog. And Nicholas II, as many believed then, having assumed the supreme